Search

In the Major parts of India, we see trash bins placed in every corner of the roads. Is it filled properly? The answer is always NO. Even though the bins are partially filled, we can see the garbage spilled out of it, and remains in the road until a garbage collector arrives. These spilled out garbage leads to serious health and environmental issues. Few of those issues are, the smell of that spilled garbage causes air pollution and respiratory diseases. If it is spilled into the water bodies it contaminates the water and the whole ecosystem gets affected which poses a great threat to the biodiversity, and it also make clogs in the drainage system. Stray animals are also highly affected by eating the spilled waste unknowingly. Direct handling of these spilled waste might also raise some serious health risks for the persons involved in this. In a hurry to perform their day-to-day tasks, people just throw away their garbage into the bins, but don't even care if it is fallen into the bin or outside the bin. This situation can be controlled only by making people to dump their garbage properly in the bin. But this is clearly impossible to implement in every street of India. To avoid these kinds of spills from the trash bins, we propose a smart stationary trash bin with Robotic arms. This trash bin is connected with the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor which detects the objects in its view within a particular range (an arc of 1.5m) and a Robotic arm fixed in the side of the trash bin. this robotic arm is fixed with a suction motor which sucks the spilled garbage, takes it to mouth of the bin and releases the spilled garbage. this system consumes very less power, so the input power can be taken from the street light connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing municipal waste is a critical issue in the modern world. The accumulation of waste and improper management has led to serious health and environmental problems. Traditionally, trashcans are distributed among different areas for waste collection. Unfortunately, this gives rise to serious problems including overflow of bins, which can cause spreading in surrounding areas, pollution and causing hazardous inconvenience to the public. Therefore, there is a need for smart and efficient monitoring systems that can predict and then prevent such incidents by notifying the municipality when collection is needed. This can be done using a model that is capable of forecasting short-term waste generation at the bin level to help in optimizing waste collection, where only bins that are expected to reach a certain level of fullness during the next shift will be collected. Such a system can reduce the operation cost while minimizing traveled distances, and eventually reduce emissions caused by collecting trucks. Consequently, we propose an IoT-based monitoring system for effective management of waste. The proposed system is equipped with a predictive module that uses historical waste collection data gathered by implanted sensors to forecast the daily waste generation and accordingly suggests a smart collection schedule. For this purpose, LSTM neural network was used for future waste generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prototype of a smart trash can have been made using a servo motor drive system type MG996R which is integrated with an ultrasonic sensor type SR04 and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. This study aims to obtain the optimal physical characteristics of the servo motor in lifting the load supporting the upper flap of the trash can. Through this research, smart trash bins have been successfully developed that can detect human presence so as to avoid direct contact between humans and trash bins through an automatic opening and closing system. The best characteristic of the servo motor that produces optimal performance from the smart trash bin is the servo motor which has a maximum torque of 0.94 Nm with a maximum power that can be used, which is 5.4W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this fast-paced world, there is little room for error, and time is a very valuable commodity now. We cannot squander time and money to manufacture/fabricate below-par products. So, this means that in modern industries quick actions done very precisely are becoming very valuable when compared to conventional human responses. A simple task like moving a product between 2 points must be done quickly and effectively using as few resources as possible so that much more complicated processes and techniques can be done without any mishaps. It is becoming clear that there is a need for a quick mobile, versatile solution with very little room for error. Our solution for this particular obstacle is a six-wheeled material carrier equipped with a 3 Degree of Freedom Robotic arm. The bot also has an integrated storage bin where the materials can be stored safely when the bot is in transit. The bot can be controlled using a smartphone via IoT and a customized smartphone application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management is one of the major issues in today's world. This paper presents a sharp waste management system. The structure is based on IoT. By executing this proposed framework, the sharp city concept can be established at a minimum cost. With the productive utilization of smart bins, the advantages for our city are increased. The waste bin will be a container with a lid, which consists of proximity sensors such as inductive sensors which can detect non- biodegradable wastes like metals, ultrasonic sensors that measure the garbage level inside different compartments of the bin, and moisture sensor to detect dry and wet wastes. Arduino board is used to control the entire structure. GPS module is used to track the bin. When one of the compartments in the bin is about to fill, the information will be sent to the cloud server via Wi-Fi module. An application is created for managing the collection and disposal of wastes, which can be used by both the truck drivers and the citizen. It allows users to identify and verify the status of nearby waste bins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is a major problem confronted by most individuals in Malaysia, particularly those who live in apartments, due to the number of trash bins is limited and shared among all residents. It can cause pollutions, which may lead to an unhealthy environment and illnesses. This project presents the development of a garbage monitoring system to measure waste levels in the garbage and to alert the municipal cooperation. The proposed system consists of an Ultrasonic, servo motor, IR sensor, red and green LED, the ESP8266, application Blynk and e-mail, Mifare RC522, and Arduino Mega. The system is performed to open and closed the garbage automatically when people approach. This system can detect the level of the trash inside the garbage and alerted the waste management to collect the garbage by sending the notification to them when the garbage is full. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the habit of disposing of garbage properly in order to create a clean and healthy environment is an important thing that we need to be conducted. This study aims at producing a prototype smart trash bin that can increase children's awareness of a healthy and clean environment, especially in their school. The method used in this research is an experimental method, starting with gathering information and materials, designing the system implementation, and testing the system. The components used in this design are the Raspberry Pi which the main control, an ultrasonic ping sensor to detect garbage into the bin, and an infrared sensor to detect the capacity of the waste in the bin. The results showed that a smart trash bin that controls the condition of its box could give warnings when the trash is full and provide interesting education for children about the importance of maintaining a clean and healthy environment. It is hoped that the results of this research will become the application of information technology in encouraging children's awareness to create a clean and healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature thermal energy storage using solid particles is being deployed in Gen3 CSP plants to relieve intermittency and reduce the overall cost of electricity production. However, the thermal storage bin cycle adds complexity to the system because the heat transfer modes within the bin introduce non-negligible transient features. In this work, we investigate these transient features by looking at a spatially resolved dynamic model that captures the salient physics of the thermal storage bin, both in the particle domain and the bin composite material. These results are integrated into a Gen3 CSP system model to better understand the sensitivity of system-wide performance metrics to the transient features in the hot storage bin particle outlet temperature. It is shown that the receiver-to-heat exchanger efficiency varies by approximately 0.15 percent per °C change in particle outlet temperature. This change in efficiency comes from the necessary compensation needed to maintain a steady heat exchanger operation. In this compensation scheme, the marginal adaptation becomes an added challenge since the slow mass transfer transients must be accounted for and integrated directly into the control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design study was conducted at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM with the objective of identifying the technical readiness level, performance limits, capital and O&M costs, and expected thermal losses of particle handling and conveyance components in particle-based CSP plant. Key findings indicated that skips and high temperature particle conveyance technology is available for moving particles up to 615°±25° C. This limits the use of mechanical conveyance above the heat exchanger and suggests vertical integration of the hot storage bin and heat exchanger to facilitate direct gravity fed handling of particles. Skip rails and support structures add significant cost and must be factored into cost analysis. Chutes can be a low cost option for particle handling but uncertainties in tower costs make it difficult to know whether they can be cost effective in areas above the receiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design study was conducted at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM with the objective of identifying the technical readiness level, performance limits, capital and O&M costs, and expected thermal losses of particle handling and conveyance components in a particle-based CSP plant. Key findings indicated that skips and high temperature particle conveyance technology are available for moving particles up to 615° ± 25° C. This limits the use of mechanical conveyance above the heat exchanger and suggests vertical integration of the hot storage bin and heat exchanger to facilitate direct gravity fed handling of particles. Skip rails and support structures add significant cost and must be factored into cost analysis. Chutes can be a low-cost option for particle handling but uncertainties in tower costs make it difficult to know whether they can be cost effective in areas above the receiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of plastic resistance of Z-sections under combination of various internal forces is presented. Hot-rolled Z-sections of Class 1, 2 or 3 are analysed. Elastic cross-sectional properties of hot-rolled Z-sections may be taken also from German standard DIN 1027:2004-04. It is shown that some values in DIN 1027:2004-04 are incorrect. Roll formed Z-sections may be seen in various steel constructions such as commercial buildings, large storage bins, mezzanine flooring, racking, residential garage doors, fencing, etc. Some commercial computer programs calculate elastic and plastic cross-sectional characteristics and resistances to the both kind of axes: y-y and z-z and also to principal axes u-u and v-v. Unfortunately some of their results are incorrect. The paper offers for Z-sections the formulae for calculation of: a) cross-sectional elastic and plastic characteristics, b) elastic and plastic resistances including their maximum values which may be achieved with combination of other internal force. Numerical examples show details of calculation, comparison with results of other sources and interaction diagrams as well. The presented procedure will be useful for designers in practice, authors of computer programs and participants in educational processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental protection has risen to the top of the global agenda in this era, but basic waste disposal and management concepts are widely disregarded. People all around the world are aware of the harmful consequences of inadequate waste management, yet the lack of implementation leads to chaos. The present study was therefore undertaken to gather baseline data on waste management practices among residents of Kharar, Punjab, India. A well-designed, unbiased, and pre-tested questionnaire method was used in the present study. A total sample of 152 residents has been randomly surveyed in urban and rural areas of Kharar and data was statistically analyzed. The analysis of the survey incorporated information on waste collection services, facilities, willingness to avail waste collection services, preference for services, social behavior towards waste sorting, and the most potential reason for improper waste dumping. The findings of the survey indicated that a fairly high number of respondents (71%) were aware of the adverse impacts of improper waste management. It was further scrutinized that more than half of respondents followed a good practice of storing the waste in storage bins instead of open dumping. In context to social behavior towards waste segregation or sorting, it was found that the most of respondents have a clear vision and understanding towards waste segregation but less than half of residents were not aware of color-coded bins which made it difficult for them to segregate the biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. The research highlighted the importance of raising public knowledge about the consequences of waste disposal practices. Committed environmental education will be a helpful attribute in inculcating an appropriate environmental culture among people. As the study revealed awareness of waste management in certain areas is lacking so there is an urgent need to rectify this gap in knowledge and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste disposal along with its management is the main concern worldwide. The waste that is produced on a daily basis is impossible to control hence, it is rising constantly. The manually segregated garbage is less efficient, less feasible and is time consuming. The system introduced in this paper is based on machine learning that uses CNN algorithm to segregate the item to be disposed into the bin as plastics and non-plastics like plastic bottles, metal cans, paper cups, tetra-packets, and wrappers. Further, waste is monitored using an ultrasonic sensor and after the limit is reached, the respective authorities are notified using an application. There is a need for responsibility to be taken and awareness to be created amongst the people regarding waste disposal. Due to these reasons, we have implemented a conditional reward system to appreciate the user for their valuable contribution towards cleaner environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, modeling, and integration of high-temperature particle storage bins is a critical component of Gen. 3 concentrated solar power (CSP). Particle storage bins control the temperature and flow rates throughout the particle circulatory system, so having a fundamental understanding of their transient thermal behavior is highly advantageous for the design and multi-level control of future CSP systems. This paper provides contributions to this understanding by presenting a semi-analytic method for modeling the transient thermal behavior of bulk particle bins. The model is verified with experiments and a baseline CFD model and then used to make conclusions about the dominant heat transfer modes in bulk particle bins and the general transient thermal performance of related systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing an efficient and reliable thermal energy storage (TES) bin in a concentrated solar power (CSP) systems can help to overcome the variability in the thermal energy supply due to the bad weather condition or during the off-sun period. At King Saud University (KSU), Saudi Arabia, a multilayered-wall TES bin has been developed to be used in a solid particle central receiver system. In this system, the multilayered-wall TES bin can reach a very high temperature and experience a thermal cycle. Therefore, the thermal expansion and compression will be significant which can cause cracks on the walls of the TES. One of the important layers used to avoid such a failure is the expansion joint layer. This research work attempts to further investigate various expansion joint materials for the TES bin, additional to the one which has been used in the previous design. Compression tests were conducted to find the suitable expansion joint materials. There were six (6) materials tested, i.e., asphalt, fibre, ceramar, sponge rubber, cork, and wooden fiber. Initially, room temperature compression tests were done. The room temperature tests were done in two stages, i.e., the preliminary stage and the advanced stage. The preliminary stage was a short test without cycling to quickly screen the prospective materials. The advanced stage was done to further test the best materials concluded from the first stage test. This test was done with longer compression holding-time and with cycling. The most promising materials from the room temperature tests were, then, tested at a higher temperature to simulate the real condition under which they will be utilized. The go/no-go criteria were how far the material recovers to its original thickness (referred to as the recovery value) and how fast after the compression it recovers (referred to as the recovery speed). The results showed that, at room temperature, sponge rubber has the highest recovery value and speed. However, at a higher temperature, all the materials have relatively low recovery values with the wooden fiber outperforms the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the development of the modeling and simulation of an elevated temperature particle lift intended to transport solid particles from the lower temperature storage bin to the top of the commercial-scale solid particle concentrated solar power tower. Traditional industry spreadsheet modeling is used as a starting point for the development of a complex non-linear design optimization model and a physics-based dynamic model that has the ability to simulate failures and analyze the particle response to such failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid particle receivers provide an opportunity to run concentrating solar tower receivers at higher temperatures (∼800° C) resulting in increased CSP system efficiencies overall. CSP plants with thermal storage have an economic advantage over other renewable energies without energy storage. A flat-bottomed particle storage bin with internal refractory insulation was designed for the 1MWt Generation 3 Particle Pilot Plant (G3P3) at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Computational simulations using a cyclic steady-state model were performed to evaluate the effect that aspect ratio (height to diameter ratio) has on thermal losses. A second method has been developed to model heat transfer of particles in funnel flow. Small scale testing was performed to validate the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of TRASCO-BNCT project, a Bubble Interactive Neutron Spectrometer (BINS) device was applied to the characterization of the angle-and energy-differential neutron spectra generated by the 9Be(p,xn)reaction. The BINS spectrometer uses two superheated emulsion detectors, sequentially operated at different temperatures and thus provides a series of six sharp threshold responses, covering the 0.1-10 MeV neutron energy range. Spectrum unfolding of the data was performed by means of MAXED code. The obtained angle, energy-differential spectra were compared with those measured with a Bonner sphere spectrometer, a silicon telescope spectrometer and literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]