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Pekan Batu Kikir is a small town in Jempol region of eastern Negeri Sembilan. Pekan Batu Kikir is located along the Kuala Pilah-Bandar Baru Serting main trunk road and its location is in between Bahau and Kuala Pilah town. The development that has taken place in the area is not in line with the existing infrastructural facilities, which has led to flash floods and damaged some houses in the area. The main problem in the area is the lack of a major drainage system to the nearby river. In addition, the irregular village and house drainage and the small, outdated drainage system in these areas often cause flash floods during heavy rainfall. Therefore, flood hazard mapping is a useful non-structural strategy for catastrophe risk reduction, property protection, and sustainable urban development. The river basin's flood hazards were assessed in this study. The river basin's flood inundation map was created by integrating a hydrological and hydraulic model with geographic information systems. Different return durations for flood hazards were defined on maps. The flood hazard map can be used to improve the efficiency of risk management procedures for disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copra meal contains high crude fibre which makes this raw material difficult to digest. Copra meal is optimized for use in feed formulas, one of which is by adding enzymes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of copra meal and multi-enzyme in the formulation of finisher phase broiler feed on performance. The research method used a completely randomized design with a 4 x 4 factorial pattern. The first factor was the level of use of copra meal (K), and the second factor is the level of enzyme use (E). Each experimental unit consisted of 4 chickens. Factor I is the level of use of copra in the finisher broiler feed formula: K0 (0% copra meal); K1 (2% copra meal); K2 (4% copra meal); K3 (6% copra meal); Factor II is the level of multi-enzyme: E0 (0% multi enzymes); E1 (0.025% multi-enzyme); E2 (0.05% multi-enzyme) and E3 (0.075% multi-enzyme). Research variables include feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. The results obtained showed that the use of copra meal had a significant effect on consumption, and multi-enzyme factors and their interactions had no significant effect. For body weight gain and conversion, there was no influence from the addition of copra meal and enzymes and their interaction. The conclusion was the addition of copra meal and multienzyme was able to maintain the performance of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several factors influence the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, such as tracking systems, tilt angle, and albedo value. Therefore, this study aims to study the impact of two different albedo values on a solar LED street lighting system. The system is located at Technical College Al-Mussaib/Iraq, and it is modeled using the PVSyst software. LED road lights of 100 watts and 250 Wp PV modules panel used. The total number of poles is 20 for a 400 m length road. Analyzing models and simulations have been done to examine the performance of the system without a reflector (albedo 0.2), and with an aluminum reflector installed in front of each module (albedo 0.85). The findings of the research showed that increasing the albedo to 0.85 would result in increasing all of the radiation captured by the front surface of the PV module, and then increasing the output energy of the system. In addition, the results proved that one PV module of 245 Wp with an aluminum reflector, can generate the same energy as a 250 Wp module without a reflector. Therefore, the capacity of PV modules required for the system can be reduced by increasing the albedo value, which leads to a decrease in the system's cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a study on investigating the predictive performance of Gaussian process (GP) regression in modelling marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data. Marine CSEM application is a surveying geophysical technique used to detect high-resistive body in marine environment. This application employs complicated numerical methods to model the electromagnetic (EM) profiles. Here, GP is utilized as the surrogate model to the complex marine CSEM model by treating the deterministic function as a process of random realization. The predictive performance of GP modelling relies on the covariance function used in the regression. In this work, four different types of covariance function, such as Matern 3/2, Matern 5/2, rational quadratic, and squared exponential were investigated in modelling two different sets of EM data with different transmission frequency, depth and resistivity of hydrocarbon. GP models with these covariance functions were developed at testing input specifications by utilizing data obtained from the marine CSEM computer experiment. Mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) between each GP model with different covariance function in every set and the corresponding true EM values were then computed and compared. The magnitude versus offset plot shows that GP regression is able to fit and compute the EM responses very well. Based on the error measurements, GP regression with squared exponential is the most suitable model in predicting and modelling the EM responses in marine CSEM application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex and dynamic land changes are characterized by the conversion of unnecessary obligations (deforestation). Deforestation causes changes in land cover by forming a certain distribution pattern. Forest fragmentation describes the pattern of deforestation, starting with an analysis of land-use change and deforestation rates from 2005 to 2020, which marked the beginning of Indonesia as a democratic country. After the analysis, the spatial pattern analysis of the Clumsiness index, Contiguity index, and Patch density was carried out. Before that step. Land use/cover is dominated by dry land mixed with shrubs in the Bila Walanae watershed, while forest conditions are only about 17 percent of the total watershed area. Types of land cover dry agriculture, rice fields, and settlements experienced a large increase, these things indicate an increase in the magnitude of community activities. The deforestation rate is less than 0.5 percent which is lower than the deforestation rate in Indonesia. The first typology of forest fragmentation shows that the density of deforestation is low (not fragmented), but in each period the number of fragmentations continues to increase. In the first period, the level of connectedness and proximity to deforestation events is high, but the next period has a low level of connectedness and proximity. These things show the forest that is far between describing the forest and putting it in the forest. Deforestation was caused by small-scale agricultural activities with shifting cultivation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the new statistical method kernelized rank order (KROD) numerical solution is analyzed to convert non spherical data to spherical form using different samples of data. Non-spherical data can affect the performance of popular algorithms like k-means clustering. The distance between data points in the non-spherical data set is calculated using the KROD method, which uses a rank order distance equation and a Gaussian kernel equation. Each data point is then given a weight based on this distance to convert it into a spherical coordinate. In this numerical solution, pair wise similarity between the data points are weighted using the Gaussian kernel, equation and the actual distance is calculated using the rank order distance (ROD). The combination of the two above methods gives global and local structure of spherical shape with clear visualization. The current study numerically solved the KROD method by applying different samples of data and checking the performance of KROD numerical method to check the effectiveness of spherical visualization. The numerical solution by using differ sample of datasets shows by increasing sample size the KROD statistical model accurately converted non spherical data to spherical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most anthropogenic activities can increase emissions and later on increase the concentrations of particulate matter in the atmosphere. When the COVID-19 pandemic spread in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, the government implemented a Large-Scale Social Restriction program to prevent the spread of COVID-19 which resulted in activities such as in the industrial sector to education being temporarily closed and a policy of working from home was imposed, which resulted in a reduction in traffic density and industrial emissions in Jakarta. In this study, particulate pollutant emissions (PM2.5 and PM10) were calculated from sectors affected by the implementation of LSSR including the power generation, manufacturing industry, road transportation, and residential sectors in Jakarta in 2018-2020, which aims to see variation of changes in particulate emissions before and during the implementation of the LSSR and establishes key categories that can contribute to emission reductions. A 'top-down' approach is used to calculate particulate emissions using the Atmospheric Brown Clouds Emission Inventory Manual framework,and using the emission factor method for area sources and mobile sources. The calculation results show that there was a 51% reduction in particulate emissions from the power generation sector due to a decrease in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The manufacturing industry sector experienced a 33% reduction in particulate emissions due to the temporary closure of several large and medium industries. There was a 42% decrease in traffic density in 2020 resulting in a reduction in particulate emissions from road transportation activities, but still contributes to particulate emissions every year. The increase in fuel consumption that occurs in the residential sector is in line with the increase in the number of residents and the number of households in Jakarta, which results in an increase in particulate emissions every year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared Technology (IRT) was employed to assess film cooling holes performance over flat plate surface for measuring the surface temperature. Experimental work was performed by using two rows of cooling holes with forwarding staggered arrangements in the Perspex flat plate samples utilizing a thermal imaging camera and Thermal Wind Tunnel (TWT). A flat plate (240 mm length × 120 mm width × 8 mm height) was drilling holes in the test plate with the use of the CNC machine. Specifically, 17 holes at 30° angle of injection and diameter (D = 4 mm) are located as two rows at a span-wise direction with 9 and 8 holes for the first and second row respectively. Two types of holes configuration were tested to understand the efficiency of coolant jet direction for cylindrical and elliptical holes on flat plate surface with three blowing ratios BR (0.5, 1 and 1.5). Moreover, eight thermocouples were embedded in the test plate to measure the temperature of the surface along the centerline. Thus, the transient and steady-state temperature along the test surface was recorded for each blowing ratio during a testing time (1000 seconds). The experimental result shows that a recognizable improvement in film effectiveness was achieved at BR = 0.5 due to the decrease in the surface temperature of the plate for cylindrical and elliptical holes (31.8% and 40%) respectively when compared with BR = 1.0 (30.9% and 38.4%) respectively, and BR = 1.5 at (29.5% and 36%), respectively. In addition, overall film cooling effectiveness for elliptical holes provided the best surface protection by (40%). Finally, excellent matching was found between the present experimental results and previously published data. Hence, IRT is a reliable and efficient device for capturing temperature distribution over the plate surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fire causes major and expensive damage to a country, including ecological, economic and anthropological aspects. Still, there were a lot of uncertainties and knowledge regarding forest fire management, especially in small fire detection. Many past studies throughout the decades, in machine learning approaches, were non-generalizable and needed more accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to introduce nonparametric predictive inference (NPI) with a parametric copula, which considers the dependence structure to predict the forest fire hotspots using the coordinate – longitude and latitude. The proposed method was theorized to perform better than the current models and be able to generalize in other regions with the same parameters. A case study of Malaysia was chosen as there was a lack of mathematical and statistical solutions in forest fire management in this country. The four copulae integrated with the proposed method generated imprecise probabilities with a minimal gap showing the forecasting accuracy. Amongst, Gumbel and Normal copula parameters displayed the best imprecise probabilities of forest fire occurrences for the Malaysia location due to the lowest differences. In conclusion, the NPI can be an alternative method to predict forest fire hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing concern to determine an alternative adsorbent for remediating landfill leachate effluent with minimal environmental impact and operational cost. In this work, four low cost sustainable biocomposite materials such as limestone, peat, activated carbon and zeolite were employed as an adsorbent media in an adsorption batch study for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from landfill leachate. Isotherm adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich were utilized to analyze the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fit for experimental data with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 26.18 mg/g which is indicated that the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption took placed on the surface of biocomposite with monolayer formation of the adsorbate at a specific homogeneous site. The adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir's model (R2=0.99) and Freundlich's model (R2=0.98). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Waste paper sludge (WPS) and cockle shell (CS) as an alternative composite absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both WPS and CS were mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study includes the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (1:7) and the concentration capacity achieved for the ratio was 502 mg/L and 540 mg/L for NH3-N and COD. The percentage optimum removal is 50.20% NH3-N and 81.25% COD respectively. The optimum pH and absorbent dosage expressed the result at pH 7 and 50 g with the percentage optimum removal value is 50.10% NH3-N and 88.89% COD; and 503 mg/L NH3-N and 320 mg/L COD; and 51.98% NH3-N and 89.51% COD; and 484 mg/L NH3-N and 302 mg/L COD, respectively during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Malaysia and Indonesia are the biggest palm oil producer in the world. However, the oil extraction rate (OER) for palm oil mills in both countries is below the potential yield of palm oil fresh fruit bunch. The OER for palm oil mills in Malaysia is less than 21% for almost 40 years. Increment of the OER by 1% may contribute significantly to the world palm oil industries. In this study, a simple dry method was employed to increase the OER of the palm oil. The fresh fruit bunch (FFB) of palm oil tree was dried for 24 hours. The dried palm fruit was detached and the mesocarp was separated from the kernel using a knife. The oil from the sliced mesocarp was extracted using bench top screw press. The CPO obtained, later was characterized for free fatty acid content (FFA), moisture content, carotene and deterioration of bleach ability index (DOBI) number. The single FFB OER calculated in this study was 23.1%. All but the DOBI index were within the standard criteria of the CPO. In conclusion, this study showed that this dry method was able to increase the OER for palm oil mills. Furthermore, since steam was not in used, this method may reduce the carbon footprint and pollutant from palm oil industries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's primary goal is to identify the accumulation of heavy metals in the bones and tissues of Yellowtail Scads fish (Atule Mate) from two separate sites in the Kemaman region of Malaysia. Metals under study were (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd). Before further examination, the fish bone and flesh were separated. The amount of moisture in both samples were assessed by a 24-hour drying procedure in an oven set to 105°C. Moisture content was determined to be between 70% and 77 percent water. After a three-hour digestion process in oven at 120°C, samples were examined for the presence of heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in the fish bone. The fish bone sample from Kijal had the highest readings of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), which were 43.152 ppm and 130.237 ppm, respectively. Since lead (Pb) revealed high contamination, sieved banana peel (BP) was manufactured as a treatment method and employed as an adsorbent to remove lead. In order to determine the effectiveness of banana peel to accomplish enough removal, three separate parameters; adsorbent concentration, contact time, and pH were examined. The outcomes indicate that several parameters affect the adsorption process differently. For lead (Pb), the optimal conditions were 0.5g of adsorbent, 10 minutes of contact time, and a pH of 7 (neutral). Due to the characteristics of the metal ion and the selectivity of the adsorbent during the adsorption process, the maximum removal efficiency obtained under the aforementioned conditions was 96.67 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the RSM method-based design of experiment with BBD was used to optimise the process parameters for dry reforming of methane over a 2.75 wt% Ni/3 wt% Mg/NaA Zeolite catalyst. Control parameters were the reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and inlet flow rate. As the experiment's response, the CH4 conversion, the product gas H2/CO ratio, and carbon production were examined. The metals Ni and Mg were added during the zeolite synthesis process, and the catalytic support NaA zeolite was made from local kaolin. The catalysts were evaluated catalytically in a packed bed reactor, and the carbon production was determined by gravimetry. The results demonstrated that the chosen parameter has a substantial impact on the response, particularly reaction temperature. Based on statistical research, the ideal parameters were an operating temperature 587.38 °C reaction temperature, 50 mg catalyst weight, and 15 ml/min input flow rate. Using the reduce cubic model, the 2.5 wt% Ni/3.0 wt% Mg-Zeolite for the DRM process may be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presented a study on developing new covariance function of Gaussian process (GP) regression in modelling marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data. Processing the vast amount of marine CSEM data using computational methods proved to be very challenging. GP was employed here as an alternative method for modelling the electromagnetic (EM) responses. Simulation data with various hydrocarbon resistivities and hydrocarbon depths of 400 m and 1200 m at frequency of 0.5 Hz were utilized as the GP training set to model the estimation function, and four testing sets for each depth were computed for validation purposes. Two squared exponential (SE)-based covariance functions were developed (SE with addition operation and SE with multiplication operation), and the performance of the new SE-based GP models was compared with the ordinary SE-based GP model. Mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared error (MSE) were computed to identify the deviation of the estimates with the true EM responses. The results demonstrated that new SE-based GP models produced smaller MAD and MSE compared to the ordinary SE-based model. The new SE with multiplication operation gave the best performance in modelling marine CSEM data. It implies that the developed covariance function of GP regression is able to fit the EM data very well and produce better estimation function at various unobserved input specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage constructions are frequently very old, with many evident structural problems or faults. Heritage building risk assessment is understudied aspect on danger identification and risk assessment are incomplete. This paper review the Heritage Building's risk assessment, focusing on the process, the hazard, and the procedures applied to decrease it. Almost 58 publications were found using Scopus, IEEE Explore, and manual searches. After screening and eligibility, 12 articles were summarizing and analyzed. Therefore, 24% of risk assessment methodologies were semi-quantitative, 47% qualitative, and 29% quantitative, according to the articles. Half of respondents identified specific hazards, and the other half non-specific hazards. Due to the substance's toxicity, most highlighted hazards were chemical. Chemical risks to heritage structures were caused by climatic and atmospheric conditions. Chemical exposure impact has immediate or long-term health consequences thus; control methods must be identified first. Most articles employed two controls to reduce risk such as engineering control and administrative control. Meanwhile Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) categories as common control. Future projects will require fast, rapid, low-cost, and efficient risk assessment for heritage building risk management. By integrated qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods may improve the risk assessment process and an online risk assessment may be needed to reduce heritage building accidents in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR), interest in feature extraction has been on the increase with the abundance of algorithms derived to increase the accuracy of classification. In this paper, a metaheuristic approach for feature extraction technique in HCR based on Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) was proposed. Freeman Chain Code (FCC) was used as data representation. The main problem in representing a character using FCC is that the results of the extractions depend on the starting points that affected the route length of chain code. To solve this problem, the metaheuristic approach via CSA was proposed to find the shortest route length and minimum computational time for HCR. The performance measurements of the proposed CS-FCC extraction algorithm are the route lengths and computation times. The experiments on the algorithms are performed based on the chain code representation derived from established previous works of Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR) dataset which consists of 126 upper-case letter characters. Based on the result, the proposed CS-FCC obtained 1880.28 in term of route length and only needs 1.10 second to solve the whole character images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), being the most common genetic variation, is found to be responsible for traits and complex diseases such as asthma. Polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and machine learning (ML) are the current two common types of genetic risk prediction models. PRS employs statistical association testing to identify alleles with risk. However, it was found not performing well in unraveling the SNP-SNP interactions and attaining low predictive value. In contrast, ML algorithms are more robust in detecting disease associated SNPs, resulting in an improvement in prediction performance. The challenge remains as the high dimensionality nature of SNP tends to cause overfitting problems and impact the classifier performance. This paper introduces a two-stage hybrid feature selection that integrates Mutual Information and Random Forest Recursive Feature Elimination for identifying informative SNPs from 176,287 SNPs in a dataset of 128 asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples. The reduced samples based on the identified informative SNPs are then used with Support Vector Machine to train a classification model. The model from this paper outperforms other ML models with an average accuracy, precision, recall and area under the curve of 98.91%, 98.36%, 99.72% and 0.99 respectively. Additional analysis shows that the genes associated with the top selected SNPs, namely Ring Finger Protein 217 (RNF217) and A-kinase-anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) are correlated with respiratory diseases. This shows that the proposed method can identify important SNPs that are able to differentiate between asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is one of the purest types of energy and is regarded as a green energy source. Solar energy benefits include reduced carbon emissions, no need for fossil fuels, long-term solar resources and shorter payback period. Solar energy, like other forms of energy, has various safety, health and environmental (SHE) issues. The research scope is limited to solar panel manufacturing companies and solar panel industries. The first objective is to address the SHE impact of solar energy technology, particularly PV modules, on human activity sustainability. The second objective is to suggest possible ways to reduce the effect of potential hazards of widespread use of PV modules. The third objective is to conduct a survey in order to determine the most feasible recommendation for mitigating the impact of the possible risk of widespread use of PV modules. The first and second objectives is met through the synthesis of theories and concepts through the literature review. For the third objective, a questionnaire survey was performed among Malaysia solar panel manufacturing sectors and solar panel companies, with 60 responses. Conjoint analysis is used to analyse the data gathered for the third objective. According to the result, respondents are exposed to various kinds of chemical compounds during manufacturing and decommissioning process. 85% of the respondents strongly agrees that all of the suggested recommendation are required to be executed as soon as possible. This analysis identifies potential environmental burdens. There are both negative and positive socioeconomic consequences. This article also recommended to conduct an interview with individuals involved in the manufacture and disposal of PV modules to obtain more accurate research findings and understand the genuine condition of employees. For future improvement, conducting a thorough examination of each recommendation that can be implemented in the current scenario in order to obtain a specific solution that reflects the current situation and specifies future research on employees in the PV module manufacturing and disposal industries are also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge on phase equilibria for the separation process are important. It helps to improve the extraction efficiency through parameter optimization. Nowadays, hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is getting the interest for the crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. Therefore, the phase equilibria of system consist of Hot compressed water (HCW) and CPO component are crucial. In this study, prediction of phase equilibria in ternary diagram for system consist of HCW with CPO and others minor component was conducted using thermodynamic model. The prediction was conducted using modified UNIFAC. CPO and other minor components namely palmitic acid which represent FFA, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and α-tocotrieno was totally insoluble in HCW. The solubility of HCW in CPO was effect by the temperature and concentration of palmitic acid, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. However, the effect of these minor component concentration was inrrelevant since the concentration of these component was lower in the CPO for less than 1%. The solubility of HCW in CPO need to be monitored to avoid the hydrolysis which can deteriorate the CPO and degrade its quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass reinforced epoxy are widely known in oil and gas industry as glass reinforced epoxy pipe. However, glass reinforced epoxy has limitation such as demanding careful handling due fabrication, installation and transportation because of brittle nature itself and low compressive strength. The aim of this research is to characterize and study the effect of different geopolymer filler in the glass reinforced epoxy pipe composites. Filament winding method will be used in producing glass reinforced epoxy composite. Samples will be prepared with different weight percentage of geopolymer filler loading and different types of geopolymer filler which is fly ash-based geopolymer and kaolin-based geopolymer with 10wt% - 40wt% of geopolymer filler loading. Microstructure was obtained by using Scanning Electron Microscopy showed spherical shaped of fly ash raw material and plate-like structure for kaolin raw material. After undergoes the mechanical testing involved compressive test, pipe sample of glass reinforced epoxy filled with 20 wt% of fly ash-based geopolymer filler showed the best performances above them all. The compressive strength value was 43.05 MPa. Glass reinforced epoxy composite pipe filled with different geopolymer are not widely used in this research area. Therefore, by using geopolymer as a filler can improve the properties of glass reinforced epoxy composite pipe. Hence, a waste material like geopolymer can reduce the cost of material and improve the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a compulsory course, teaching placements have been in the UPSI for over 20 years. It is a teaching experience in an on-or off-campus setting for which a student receives academic credit. At the end of the teaching Training Programme, students should be capable of enhancing their knowledge and skills related to their areas of specialization and at the same time able to correlate, implement and adapt relevant knowledge, concepts, and theories within an education organization practice and ethics. With this experience and exposure, the students should acquire knowledge and skills to compete in the job market. However, to ensure that students meet university teaching requirements, specific parameters need to be established before they undergo the placement. All the procedures, a process previously has been done using a manual process that accumulates plenty of wasting hours. It needs to identify by resolving the process and simplified to smoothen the process. Placement Integrated Management System (IPLACE) will improve management's efficiency in teaching practice programs and replacing manual systems. The entire IPLACE system combines a web-based platform that provides a complete set of processes, follows all the procedures and tasks that are central observed, and follows all teaching placement stages by every participating shareholder. By imposing the approaches, it will improve the efficiency of management in handling the UPSI Teaching practice Program and replacing the manual system previously. MySQL is being employed as the database for data storing. PHP, JavaScript, CSS, and HTML are used as the programming tools to develop the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), commonly known as drones, are a perfect illustration of revolutionary equipment where it can now be used in geographical mapping instead of ground surveying and expensive traditional photogrammetry. The paper deals with the 3D model reconstruction of the new construction building. A complete aerial mapping of the area was carried out through the combination of aerial data collected with UAV and terrestrial data obtained with close-range photogrammetry techniques. The data acquired were then processed using digital photogrammetric software. This technique uses a sequence of 2-dimensional images to recreate a scene or an object's 3-dimensional structure. Combination of UAV and image processing can be used as a viable alternative to data collection to create 3D modelling of buildings or areas collected from aerial and terrestrial data. The results show the possibility of UAV technology for fast and reliable building 3D reconstruction to monitor the construction site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An absorber with lightweight, low-cost, high absorption and broad frequency bandwidth is highly expected to design an electromagnetic wave absorber application. In this paper, the carbon materials based agricultural waste from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were studied to investigate the electromagnetic wave, especially the microwave absorption properties within the range from 8 to 12 GHz (X-band). The carbon-based OPEFB is prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (at 180 oC for 8 hours) followed by chemical (using KOH activating agent) and physical (at 800 oC for 2 hours) of carbonization processes. We studied the microwave absorption properties of the porous carbon-based OPEFB with 20 % of KOH concentration. A vector network analyzer (VNA) takes the microwave absorption properties within the X-band frequency range. The results indicate the ability to absorb electromagnetic waves in all X-band frequencies for porous activated carbon-based OPEFB samples. The reflection loss is reach -32.21 dB at 10.64 GHz. The enhancement of EM wave absorption in activated carbon-based OPEFB compared to that of raw OPEFB material is correlated to the formation of porous stracture inducing the multiple reflection to enhance the interfacial polarization of EM wave. This research show that the porous carbon-based OPEFB can be a promising candidate for a lightweight, green, and renewable of electromagnetic waves absorber in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an IoT based water consumption management system via LPWAN gateway at OrbiWise on Ubidot Cloud Services. The data collection involves collecting of the water flow using Message Queing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol from LoRa sensor Node to IoT LoRaWAN gateway at Thing Network. The total water consumption data and location based is then sent to IoT Cloud of OrbiWise and stored on Ubidot database. The ownerr consumption, latitude and longitude of sensor node are display on Ubidot Dashboard and a SMS notification is send to owner when water flow exceeds the maximum water usage level data. The owner of a home with the water monitoring system can be notify through SMS the water usage had exceed the maximum water usage level to control and save water consumption at his/her home. Experimental results show that a successful implementation of prototyped of IoT based LoRa connected for Water Consumption Management System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural engineering designers often assume in their designs that the base of the structure is fully fixed, which leads to an inaccurate design, especially for multi-story buildings supported on weak soil imposed using pile foundation. The interference relation between piles and soil is almost nonlinear. Some building collapses may be noticeable during earthquakes. Hence the kinematic influence must be considered in the study and design of such issues, as many standards require. The soil-pile-structure interaction resists the seismic force during earthquakes. Hence the properties of these three elements are fundamental in resisting such horizontal forces. The primary criteria previously investigated were the pile type, slenderness ratio, soil nature, and loading nature (static or dynamic, vertical or horizontal). The current study examines previous research on the seismic performance of pile-soil interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, many buildings have started to apply the concept of an environmentally friendly building (green building). Green building is one way to support the construction sector in maintaining the quality of the earth from various kinds of damage, one of which is the decreasing quality of air pollution in construction-intensive areas. An example of a building that has started to apply the concept of green building is a hospital. The Indonesian government also supports the green building concept by issuing guidelines for green hospitals issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018. The green building certification body in Indonesia is the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). It issues a standard for all types of buildings. In contrast, several other countries, for example, Malaysia, have issued a particular green building standard for hospital buildings called the green building index. This research analyses the application of the green building concept, especially on land use criteria using Indonesian and Malaysian standards. Based on the analysis results, the research hospital has applied 56.25% for Indonesian standards and 30% for Malaysian standards on appropriate site development criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competent assessors are trained and developed to cater to the need of industries in Malaysia. This is part of the requirement of the Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulation 2000 Part IV assessment of risk to health, Regulation 9 whereby any chemicals used inside any industries require a written risk assessment due to chemical hazardous to health, and employers need to comply. The general objective of this research is to evaluate significant factor of hazard rating determination for chemical health risk assessment among competent assessors. A hazard rating determination by competent assessors varies due educational background, experience in the field of chemical assessment, and use of genuine safety data sheet (SDS) document. In this study, a survey was conducted among competent assessors registered with the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia in the Klang Valley. The results found that hazard rating determination on 5 different chemicals commonly found in any industrial processes under this scope of study varies. This significant difference may be due to the lack of information given on SDS and less effort by assessors to compare with the latest updated information as provided by chemical manufacturers or suppliers. A knowledge and experience-based personnel is an important factor for hazard rating determination. Hazard rating is of utmost important to distinguish which part of the hierarchy control to be chosen in providing suitable recommendations to protect employees' health exposed to chemicals at workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is among the highest consumers in terms of energy consumption and intensity per capita in Asia. In 2020, per capita energy consumption in Malaysia will be 2.7 toe. Where it turns out to be higher than the neighboring country. Per capita electricity consumption has increased from 3 900 kWh per capita in 2010 to 4 600 kWh in 2020. The objective of this paper is to study the energy scenario in Malaysia, especially after going through the Covid 19 pandemic phase which has crippled almost the entire economic sector of the country and see how the potential for renewable energyin Malaysia after going through the pandemic phase. Where Malaysia is focusing on sustainable and prudent energy use and efficient resource management under the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016–2020) through introduction of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) (2016–2025). NEEAP provide instruments for the successful implementation ofenergy efficiency strategies in country through well-coordinated and cost-effective energy implementation efficiency measures in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Realize need to improve energy efficiency and conservationinitiatives, Malaysia is developing a comprehensive new Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) in an effort to reach its country aspirations, as well as the effective use of energy across key sectors. EECA will outline the comprehensive measures necessary to promote the efficient use of energy, including goal setting, communication, and education. It will also initiate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a regulatory approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia has a good mix of energy resources like oil, natural gas, and coal and renewable energies such as biomass, solar and hydro. In spite of this plenty of resources, the country is dependent on fossil fuels for the industrial andtransportation sector. In the past few decades, Malaysia has experienced a rise in the economy with a steady growth of gross domestic product (GDP) yearly. As a fast-growing nation, this country is in its final stages toward the goal of high-income status. This economic and development boost also signals the rise in energy demand. As such, securing energy sustainability is essential for any nation, especially for one developing as fast as Malaysia. Malaysia has seen a huge growthin energy demand for the past few decades, and that growth is expected to continue into the future. This ever-growing demand within Malaysia has mostly been met by non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels due to the fact that thenation has an abundance of availability of these resources. This report aims to discuss energy consumption, present energystatus, and renewable energy in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning experience is an important research direction of college students' online learning in recent years. It is an important way to measure the effectiveness of online learning by measuring college students' learning experience and actual feelings in online learning with the help of online learning experience scale. According to the literature review, student self-efficacy, student motivation and student engagement are the important dimensions that constitute and affect college students' online learning experience. According to the scientific scale preparation process, through the first draft project preparation, reliability and validity test, scale test and item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and other steps, the research developed an online learning experience scale containing 64 items. After testing, the scale has good reliability and validity, which enriches the research of online learning experience measurement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first year of Asian Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) in 2013 to 2022, the overall development of MOOC in Asia has shown a steady upward trend. Compared with Europe, America, and other regions, the development of MOOC in Asia has remarkable characteristics in curriculum positioning, credit certification, and operation mode. The MOOC education collaborative innovation model led by the government, participated by enterprises and practiced by colleges and universities has gradually taken shape. The development of MOOC in Asian countries has solved the problem of uneven distribution of domestic higher education resources to a certain extent and has made positive contributions to promoting the popularization of higher education, promoting educational equity and serving national lifelong education. With the continuous innovation of organizational mode, improvement of supporting systems, enrichment and upgrading of resources, and breakthrough of technology, the new flexible, adaptable and efficient "Internet Plus" educational organization mode and service mode represented by MOOC will eventually become an important pillar of the lifelong education system in the Asian region and even the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, Malaysia had implemented a lockdown via Movement Control Order (MCO) nationwide, beginning from 18 March 2020 until present. The restrictions affected health services including community mental health services as there were no clear response guidelines yet available for it. We aim to share our experience in adapting services at a teaching hospital setting to the changes during MCO. Our goals were to minimize cross infection between clients and staff while maximizing service delivery to ensure clients' continuation of care. We identified limitations and potentially sustainable improvements to direct further service development. The main community mental health services of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) consists of assertive home care and psychosocial rehabilitation programs for the severely mentally ills. Modifications in assertive care include regular risk stratification of patient's symptoms and COVID-19 risks, phone consultations, drive-thru injection services, mobilizing other available resources such as family members or nearby clinics and practicing strict home visit standard operating procedures. Psychosocial rehabilitation services such as social skills training, supported employment, family intervention and peer support groups were modified by means of teleconsultations using video calls and instant messaging services for a continuous therapeutic efforts. These modifications were practiced for the past one year and were adjusted accordingly over time to accommodate the changing MCO restrictions. There had been no recorded positive cases among staff and clients with no increase rates of relapse among the clients during this period. Clients also reacted positively with the modifications. The innovative modifications in ensuring continuing service delivery while preserving safety in this centre can act as a guide to improvise healthcare deliveries during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the disruption of COVID-19, Malaysian Higher Education Institutions have been consistent in employing online distance learning (ODL). While the health and safety of the students and staff were prioritized, the quality of the education could not be put to a halt. For courses which could be taught online, accessibility of the students and the lecturers were critical to effective learning. Throughout the implementation of online learning in many countries, its prototypes have become the main interest of many. One of the many challenges of online learning was students' readiness to shift from face-to-face learning to non-face-to-face. This was related to students' personalities in coping with the new norm along with having a different environment, especially while being conscious of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focused on theoretical, laboratory and project-based courses and was made to study the effect of students' learning environment and learning personality on theoretical, laboratory and project-based courses. The questionnaire was circulated to twenty-seven Information Systems Engineering (ISE) students of UiTM Malacca Campus in Jasin to analyze the issues of Online Distance Learning (ODL) during the three months of the academic session. The survey had two goals: (1) to investigate the effect of students learning environment based on three different modules of courses (theoretical, laboratory and project-based subject) and (2) to investigate the effect of students learning personality based on three different modules of courses (theoretical, laboratory and project-based subject). To achieve the first and the second goals, data were analyzed using a non-parametric statistical hypothesis testing, namely Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results of the study revealed a significant difference in the effect of ODL for the three courses on students learning personality. However, it was proven that colleagues and family were supposed to have a general perspective on online learning for the students' learning environment without considering different modules or courses taken separately. Therefore, the students' learning environment and learning personality in ODL were deemed essential aspects that successfully facilitated the teaching and learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, peat is highly compressible medium that is needed to be improved by means of various stabilisation methods including soil columns. Settlement reduction (β) of stabilised soil columns foundation is among other parameters that is commonly can be evaluated by using experimental model in laboratory setup. This parameter also can be studied based upon replacement area ratio (α) and length of stabilised columns. In this study, a scale-down physical model has been developed to simulate deformation of stabilised ground using load bearing test of various soil column models utilising end bearing soil columns foundation concept. The tests were conducted using varying columns arrangements and lengths from 50 mm to 200 mm in rectangular loading chamber with 20 mm fixed columns diameter. Preliminary, precast peat soil columns were treated with powdered melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF-P) polymer resin at designated proportion under wet curing method before installed into peat ground. The result showed that MUF-P resin polymer had significantly improved peat soil ground based on the improvement of settlement reduction with treated precast peat soil columns used in this study only initially cured for 72 hours. The study had shown that reinforcement of peat medium using soil columns method with MUF-P binder had improved the overall performance of settlement reduction ratio along with the increase of replacement area ratio (α) from 14.1% to 23.6%. It is noticeable that improvement of bearing capacity also significant for a longer footing model which was attained at 56 kPa and 68 kPa for α = 9.4% and a=14.1% respectively. Also, it has been found out that the settlement reduction ratios decrease as the column length increases for all depth intervals with respect to length to width ratio (L/B) values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]