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The ITER project design foresees Supercritical Helium (SHe) forced flow cooling for the main cryogenic components, namely, the superconducting (SC) magnets and cryopumps (CP). Therefore, cold circulators have been selected to provide the required SHe mass flow rate to cope with specific operating conditions and technical requirements. Considering the availability impacts of such machines, it has been decided to perform evaluation tests of the cold circulators at operating conditions prior to the series production in order to minimize the project technical risks. A proposal has been conceptualized, evaluated and simulated to perform representative tests of the full scale SHe cold circulators. The objectives of the performance tests include the validation of normal operating condition, transient and off-design operating modes as well as the efficiency measurement. A suitable process and instrumentation diagram of the test valve box (TVB) has been developed to implement the tests at the required thermodynamic conditions. The conceptual engineering design of the TVB has been developed along with the required thermal analysis for the normal operating conditions to support the performance evaluation of the SHe cold circulator.

The “first plasma” (100 kA of controllable plasma current for 100 ms) of KSTAR has been successfully generated in July 2008. The major outstanding feature of KSTAR compared to most other Tokamaks is that all the magnet coils are superconducting (SC), which enables higher plasma current values for a longer time duration when the nominal operation status has been reached. However, to establish the operating condition for the SC coils, other cold components, such as thermal shields, coil‐supporting structures, SC buslines, and current leads also must be maintained at proper cryogenic temperature levels. A helium refrigeration system (HRS) with an exergetic equivalent cooling power of 9 kW at 4.5 K has been installed for such purposes and successfully commissioned.In this proceeding, we will report on the operation results of the HRS during the first plasma campaign of KSTAR. Using the HRS, the 300‐ton cold mass of KSTAR was cooled down from ambient to the operating temperature levels of each cold component. Stable and steady cryogenic conditions, proper for the generation of the “first plasma” have been maintained for three months, after which, all of the cold mass was warmed up again to ambient temperature.

Since the first design of the KSTAR helium refrigeration system (HRS) in year 2000, many modifications and changes have been applied due to both system optimization and improved knowledge of the KSTAR cold components. The present specification of the HRS had been fixed on March, 2005. Consequent manufacturing of main equipment, such as “Compressor Station” (C/S), “Cold Box” (C/B), and “Distribution Box ♯1” (D/B ♯1) was completed by or under the supervision of Air Liquide DTA by the end of year 2006. The major components of the C/S are 2 low and 2 high pressure compressor units and an oil-removal system. The cooling power of the C/B at 4.5 K equivalent is 9 kW achieved by using 6 turbo-expanders. The D/B ♯1 is a cryostat housing 49 cryogenic valves, 2 supercritical helium circulators, 1 cold compressor, and 7 heat exchangers immersed in a 6 m3 liquid helium storage.In this proceeding, the on-site installation and commissioning status of the HRS will be presented. In addition, the final specification and de...

The impact of residual impurities on neutral and charged exciton complexes in single InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. We show that the formation of a charged exciton can be controlled by using resonant excitation to the residual impurity level. This optical excitation scheme is useful for the selective generation only charged excitons in initially neutral QDs without sophisticated sample designs.

We investigate the collective and individual emissions from In0.5Ga0.5As quantum dots (QDs) in single‐defect photonic crystal nanocavities. The cavity mode collectively excited by the QD ensemble shows a pair of dipole‐like modes with definite linear polarizations. Single exciton emission lines are resolved under low excitation power. By monitoring the power dependence of individual QD emissions, a nearly tenfold light enhancement for on‐resonance QDs is observed. The polarization states of individual QDs are also investigated. It is found that either a pure dipole mode or a mixture of both dipole modes could be excited by an individual dot. These behaviors are attributed to the random distribution of QD location in the nanocavity.

A prototype toroidal field (TF) coil, TF00 coil, of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) project has been assembled and tested at the coil test facility in Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). The TF00 coil is a real‐sized TF coil made of Nb3Sn superconducting cable‐in‐conduit conductor (CICC). The coil test was conducted by several campaigns according to the objectives. The first campaign, which was carried out by Jan. 2003, has objectives of cooling the coil into operating temperature and finding any defect in the coil such as cold leaks. From the results of the first campaign experiment, any defect in the coil was not found. The second campaign, which was carried out by Aug. 2003, has objectives to get the operating characteristics according to the current ramp up and discharge operations. In this paper, the coil test results are introduced as well as the details of the coil test system setup.