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Static Robust Optimization (RO) is an important application domain for optimization problems dealing with uncertainty. In particular, research on numerical simulation of RO in the supply chain field has increased in recent years. This paper reviews the existence of Static RO research in the agricultural processed products supply chain problem. The review begins by analyzing the research type, year of publication, field of research, source type, and language used in the database. Then proceed with topic filtering and keyword determination. Furthermore, because RO is related to uncertainty, it is also necessary to analyze the set of uncertainties used. The second part of this review is bibliographic mapping using R software to analyze areas in RO research that have not been addressed on supply chain topics. The method used is Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We found that the types of commodities in agricultural products and their processed products were under-researched in any condition. In addition, the RO key actors in the form of a box, ellipsoidal, and polyhedral uncertainty sets are not entirely applied in the model that has been reported in previous studies. The identified gaps point toward unexplored regions of the supply chain in RO could motivate researchers in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) compound can be obtained from the extraction of Salak Pondoh skin. The initial process is that the Salak Pondoh fruit is peeled and the skin is dried with the help of sunlight for one day. After a day has passed, dried skin of Salak Pondoh fruit will be burned to ash using an oven at 350°C for 2 hours. After it has been turned to ash, then it's roasted further with temperature variations of 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C. The ash of Salak Pondoh skin was analyzed by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) which showed that the surface of the ash of Salak Pondoh Skin, an analysis of EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) which showed the content of Salak Pondoh skin, and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometer analysis) which showed that the functional group content of SiO2 from Salak Pondoh skin was O=Si=O at wave number 1651.322 cm−1. The analysis shows that Silicon Dioxide can be obtained from Salak Pondoh's skin. Research on Silicon Dioxide from the waste of Salak Pondoh zalacca skin biomass is very important in Indonesia as a basis for electronics, computers, and natural-based Silicon implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Has succeeded in conducting a practicum with the theme of the characteristics of the thermistor as an air relative humidity (RH) sensor on the Sensor Unit (SU-6808) and OP Amp Unit (OU-6801) at the Sensor and Transducer Laboratory of the Department of Physics, FMIPA IPB Bogor. The installed specifications of the Sensor Unit (SU-6808) include: (i) Operating Humidity Range: 30∼90% R.H; (ii) Operating Temp. Range: 0∼60°C; (iii) Output: DC 1∼3V (at 30∼90% RH; (iv) Name of Type: SYH-2; (v) Input Voltage: DC±15V, 1A. Mounted Sensor Unit (SU-6808) specifications aided OP Amp Unit (OU-6801) Measurement of air humidity using two conditions namely (i) 50% air relative humidity (RH) and (ii) 80% air relative humidity (RH), with a measurement time of 15 minutes with a 3 minute step and with four replications. The measurement shows that the higher the measurement time, the measurement temperature at a dry temperature is always greater than the measurement temperature at wet temperature both in conditions of 50% air relative humidity and 80% air relative humidity. This shows that the thermistor used is very accurate. Calculating the RH requires the correct equation(s). The RH is the amount of moisture in the air (via moisture mass or vapor pressure) divided by the maximum amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature (via max moisture mass or saturation vapor pressure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has successfully conducted a routine practicum with the theme of thermistor characteristics as a temperature sensor on the Sensor Unit (SU-6803) and OP Amp Unit (OU-6801) in the Sensor and Transducer Laboratory of the Department of Physics, FMIPA IPB Bogor. The installed specifications of the Sensor Unit (SU-6803) include: (i) Detection Circuit: Wheatstone Bridge; (ii) Temperature Source: Heater and cooler by fan; (iii) Sense Resistance: 50Ω∼5kΩ; (iv) Heater Control Input: H-Level (DC 5∼15V); (v) Cooler (Fan) Control Input: H-Level (DC 5∼15V); (vi) Sensor Device: Thermistor; (vii) Input Voltage: DC±15V, 1A. Specifications installed Sensor Unit (SU-6803) aided by OP Amp Unit (OU-6801). Temperature measurement uses a thermistor as a temperature sensor under two conditions, namely (i) Heater condition and (ii) cooler condition, with measurement time for 18 minutes with a 3 minutes step and with 12 replications. The measurement results show that the higher the measurement time, the higher the measurement temperature (for Heater conditions), and the higher the measurement time, the lower the measurement temperature (for Cooler conditions). The relationship between Temperature with electrical energy follows a quadratic function. This shows that the thermistor used is working well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Has succeeded in conducting a Routine practicum with the theme of the characteristics of Photo-transistor and CdS as Photo sensor on the Photo Sensor Unit (SU-6804) and OP Amp Unit (OU-6801) in the Sensor and Transducer Laboratory of the Department of Physics, FMIPA IPB University. The installed specifications of the Photo Sensor Unit (SU-6804) include: Photo Bias Level: DC 0∼30mA, AC Bias Frequency: 100Hz∼10kHz (with Digital Counter), photo Sensing Range: 0∼200mm variable distance, photo Coupling Speed: 0∼1000 pulse / sec, sensor devices: LED, Photo- transistor, CdS, and input Voltage: DC±15V, 1A. The OP Amp Unit aids the installed specifications of the photosensor unit (SU-6804) (OU-6801). Measurement of light using CdS and Photo-transistor as photosensor with measurement distance ranges from 5 mm to 55 mm with a stage of 5 mm and 6 replications. The measurement results show that the farther the measurement distance of the light from the light source, the lower the electrical voltage. Based on the analyzed graphs and table, Photo-transistor is the most accurate to be used as a photosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practicum, in order to review characteristics of chemosensor TGS-813 (FIGARO) as a gas sensor on the sensor unit (SU-6807) and op-amp unit (OU-6801), has successfully conducted. The installed specifications of the gas sensor unit (SU-6807) are 24 V circuit voltage, 5 V heater voltage, 500∼10,000 ppm gas sensing range,±15V 1A input voltage. Gas sensor TGS-813 chemosensor (FIGARO) measurement was carried out on three conditions, the first condition, the sensor was exposed to clean air, the second condition the sensor was constantly exposed to LNG gas from a match, the third condition was the sensor recovery condition, where the LNG gas in the second condition was removed. Each measurement is done every 30 seconds for 180 seconds, with 4 replications. The measurement shows that the higher the measurement time, the higher the electrical conductivity of the TGS-813 (FIGARO) sensor that changes with the presence of chemical particles of LNG gas from a lighter of size 500∼10,000 ppm on the surface of the TGS-813 chemosensor (FIGARO). The relationship between voltage with electrical energy follows a quadratic function. This shows that the chemosensor TGS-813 (FIGARO) used is very accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw is agro-waste that contain celluloses (32–47%), hemicelluloses (19–27%), lignin (5-24%) and ash (13–20%). The ash of rice straw has a high component of silicon dioxide (SiO2). This study aims to determine the effect variation of temperature on the extraction process, to assess crystallinity and electrical properties of silicon dioxide from rice straw. Based on the results and analysis, the influence of the combustion shown that the increase in temperature, will reduce the purity of the silicon dioxide. The composition of each treatment still contained the impurities at 3% of HCl solution consisted of carbon, calcium, and potassium. The structural characteristics obtained are samples in the amorphous phase. The electrical components of the sample are semiconductors and have the best dielectric constant at a temperature treatment of 800 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]