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Proper measurement is essential to ensure a good performance of a machine to produce a high-quality product. To have a good measurement, the first thing to consider is the datum since it is used primarily for manufacturing and inspection setups. However, the common datum as defined by ASME and ISO somehow is not practical to be used for a rotating machine tool. Thus, this paper focuses to define an appropriate datum for a 3D simulated surface by including a possible source of variation or error that may exist. To achieve the objective of this paper, surface reversal measurement is used as the main approach along with aid of the correlation function in the image-processing tool. Development of the surface reversal algorithm begins as two simulated surfaces are created and undergo surface correlation to achieve the best match point between both surfaces. Then, after one of the surfaces is translated to the desired position, surface subtraction is conducted to determine the inclined plane (real datum) of the simulated surface. The algorithm ends with the validation process through surface characterization by comparing the Sz value. As a result, both surfaces show different Sz values although both have the same surface topography and result for A minus with the real datum (LSPAB) providing less error on the surface topography data compared to A-minus with AB. This evaluation proves that an appropriate datum is necessary for every measurement so that the result obtained is accurate. Moreover, the objective to improvise the datum definition is successfully achieved since the error found along with the datum has been removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the surface feature falls within the broad spectrum of Quality Control and Inspection. Since most processes in the manufacturing industry that are used to prepare surfaces often induce defects and regularities, surface metrology is required to analyse surface topography. The study of surface topography analysis focuses on surface features segmentation procedure which is crucial since it will help to enhance the essential features found on the surface. Although there are many features segmentation procedures that can help in identifying the edge on the surface as presented in previous studies, problem arises when most of them are unable to fulfill the requirements when being implemented on a particular surface topography. Thus, an approach of Double Iteration Sobel has been introduced and highlighted by considering the effects of existing surface features segmentation procedures. The aim of this development is to increase the accuracy and stability of the feature edge detection to be close to human perception on the actual edge location. The process of development and implementation on simulated 3D sloped bumps surface topography data is carried out using MATLAB software. Overall, the findings of this study showed that with the help of DIS, the effectiveness of marker-controlled watershed segmentation has been successfully improved in terms of the edge visualization and marking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]