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COVID-19 pandemic originated in December 2019 due to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Standardized SARS-CoV-2 detection is examined by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) with N and RdRp genes as the main target. Local SARS-CoV-2 detection product is not readily available with only N2, RdRp, and Orf1b as gene targets. This study aims to optimize multiplex RT-qPCR with two pairs of primer set targeting N and RdRp genes with RPP30 gene as internal control. The study was done using several methods: Escherichia coli culture production and plasmid extraction, HepG2 cell RNA extraction, PCR, RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and electrophoresis. The result of the earlier steps was successful plasmid and RNA extraction. PCR on plasmid targeting N and RdRp genes and RT-PCR on RNA targeting RPP30 gene giving results of bands appearance with the size around 100 bp after electrophoresis is done. RT-qPCR of two pairs of primer set generally giving positive results with the appearance of logarithmic graph on RT-qPCR plots. The conclusion of the study is RT-qPCR was done successfully using two sets of primer that targeting N and RdRp genes with RPP30 gene as internal control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process. Rice bran contains a variety of antioxidant compounds that are beneficial for the health of the body, such as vitamin E, oryzanol, and flavonoid compounds. One of the compounds classified in flavonoids is alpinetin which has antioxidant activity that can protect cells from free radicals in the body. Alpinetin is a flavonoid bioactive compound known to have various benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant with low systemic toxicity. Enrichment of the content of bioactive compounds and fatty acids in rice bran oil can be carried out by a fermentation process using Aspergillus terreus. This research examined the effect of carbon source concentration and solvent ratio methanol: chloroform. This research used the solid-state fermentation method and modified the Bligh-Dyer extraction process. The extracted rice bran oil then tested using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) qualitatively. This research found that the addition of 10 g/L glucose produced the optimum lipid yield of 7.695%, and the highest alpinetin content was produced with the addition of glucose as much as 8g/L with alpinetin content of 27.11%. The ratio of methanol: chloroform =2:3.1 v/v produced the highest lipid yield, 9.54%, and the initial content of alpinetin compounds in rice bran extract increased from 0.02% to 3.43%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paragraph writing demonstrates a crucial role for English learners in describing ideas in the basic level of writing skills. It is also defined as the beginner phase in writing material. It needs a relevant strategy to train students' writing skills. This article is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Information Transfer Technique (ITT) on the ability of female students of the English Language Education Department in descriptive paragraph writing material at the University of Darussalam Gontor. This study employed a quasi-experimental with one-group –pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 20 students who were concerned with English Language Teaching. They were evaluated by pre and post treatment of descriptive paragraph writing. The data analysis applied in this study was paired sample T-test. The finding revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean score of pretest and posttest. The study showed that the students' result in the post-test was better than theirs in the pretest. It is concluded that the female students performed better in implementing descriptive paragraph writing after being treated using Information Transfer Technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-ray radiation absorption from aluminum metal foam was conducted at the various of thickness from 5-40 mm, with the cavity diameters of 2, 3, and 4 mm, and at the energy of 0.1; 0.662 and 1 MeV. The modeling was carried out using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) program. Calculation of the radiation absorption from the modeling results shows that the performance of aluminum metal foam is close to pure lead plates. This means that aluminum metal foam is expected to be used as radiation shielding for replacing pure lead material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a material commonly used as a shield for X-ray radiation, lead has a major weakness, it is a heavy metal that can be toxic to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate X-ray radiation shielding materials that are better than lead, one of which is tungsten which is also proven to be able to function as a radiation shielding. However, radiation shieldings, generally in the form of plates, have weaknesses, including being heavier and uneconomical. Therefore, metal foam technology has been developed, which is expected to produce X-ray radiation shielding with a lower density than the plate form but almost the same performance as the plate form. In this study, simulation has been carried out to calculate the X-ray transmission through tungsten and lead in the form of plate and metal foam for thickness 5-40 mm, diameter 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2, 3, and 4 mm at energy 0.1; 0.662; and 1 MeV. The modeling of plate and foam metal was carried out using the Monte Carlo N-Particle version 6 (MCNP6) code. The result of X-ray transmission calculation on the thickness of 0.5 to 4 cm, diameter 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2, 3, and 4 mm at the energy 0.1; 0.662; and 1 MeV shows that the performance of tungsten (W) both in the form of plate and metal foam is better than lead material, while in the form of metal foam, the ability of tungsten (W) is close to that of lead (Pb) plate when the diameter of tungsten (W) are 1.5 to 2 mm. From the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that technology of tungsten metal foam can be used as an effective and environmentally friendly X-ray radiation shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most teachers apply a monotonous lecture learning model, while students only listen and take notes. This phenomenon leads to a weak ability of students to understand the materials as well as causing saturation of students to study chemistry. One of the learning models that can encourage students to be active in learning is the Scramble learning model. This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of learning colloidal system materials through the Scramble learning model. We used a type of quantitative descriptive research. This study was conducted at State Senior High School 2 Haruku Island. The subjects were twenty-two students of eleventh-grade natural science class. We used a pre- test, Scramble fill sheets, and post-test to measure students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities. The results show an increase in learning chemistry, particularly colloidal system materials. In the cognitive aspects, wherein the pre- test, there were two students (9%) with enough qualification and twenty students (91%) with not enough qualification. Compared to the post-test, there were three students (14%) with very good qualifications, four students (18%) with good qualifications, thirteen students (59%) with enough qualifications, and two students (9%) with not enough qualifications. The post-test results also show that from twenty-two students, (91%) got grades above the minimum qualification criteria (>71), and two students (9%) got grades below the minimum completeness criteria (<71). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently the sugar factory industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly and the demand for sugar is getting higher. From the production process, the sugar factory industry produces liquid waste that contains high organic compounds so that it has an impact on the environment. To reduce these negative impacts, this review highlights the application of bagasse as an ingredient to treat sugar mill effluent. In handling sugar factory effluent, the processing includes activation, modification and application of modification methods such as chemistry and physics. From these modifications, physical modification considers the contact time, carbonization temperature, and mass of activated carbon. Chemical modification takes into account the pH value. In addition, the treatment of bagasse wastewater using bagasse as an adsorbent aims to reduce unused waste and overcome environmental impacts. Sugar factory effluent contains high quality organic compounds that have the potential to have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, we need to reduce the negative effects on processing in sugar factories. The processing includes pre-treatment and treatment to reduce liquid waste. In the processing there are physical and chemical modifications. Physical modification based on contact time, carbon temperature, and mass of activated carbon. Chemical modification based on pH value and dosage. In addition, the conversion of bagasse to activated carbon is used to reduce the waste generated by sugar factories and to reduce the impact on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water Scarcity, insufficient freshwater quality and access to water have become major issues in the global, including Indonesia. Meanwhile, approximately more than 70% earth's surface cover up by seawater, as one of potential remaining natural water resources. Several seawater desalination technologies have been developed during the last several decades to augment the supply of freshwater, such as multi-effect distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and adsorption. In general objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of adsorption material type in desalination technology. The study used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), zeolite (Zeo) and activated carbon (AC) as adsorbent. The adsorption process was performed in a fixed bed column with a constant seawater sample flow rate of 4 mL/min. Meanwhile, the process variables were the adsorbent mass used (50, 75 and 100 grams) and the adsorbate salinity concentration in 2; 2.5 and 3%. Each process was sampled every 10 minutes for 100 minutes adsorption process. The NaCl content was analyzed using the argentometric method for each sample. Further, the calculation of adsorption capacity uses the Yoon-Nelson method. The results showed that variations in the concentration of adsorbate salinity influenced on the type of adsorbent used. PVA, Zeo and AC were more effectively used on adsorbates with salinity concentrations of 2%, 2.5% and 3% respectively according to the resulting adsorption capacity values. Therefore, PVA, Zeo, and AC as adsorbents can reduce the salinity of seawater to provide fresh water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of technology, gadgets have become a necessity. 98% of parents in Southeast Asia allowed their children to use gadgets for educational purposes. Learning the Qur'an is necessary from an early age for every Muslim. However, conventional learning methods bore children easily. Quranic Augmented Reality (QAR) is a Qur'an Learning Application that applied Augmented Reality technology. This application can support the enhancement of children's cognitive ability. The User Experience (UX) of QAR application is developed using Design Thinking (DT) method. To test the application, the Cognitive Walkthrough method, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) were used as measurement tools. Based on the experiments, the new design UX of QAR was shown to increase the usability of the application of up to 75.33 SUS Score. It has improved from marginal to acceptable category. The results of the field implementation indicate that the application of QAR had a significant influence on the learning process. This can be seen from the significance value of p<0.05 and the average increase of 14.50 for the cognitive level of Remembering (C1) and 15.50 for Understanding (C2) categories in the Bloom Taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the use of the school web as a medium for online mathematics learning in the pandemic era. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the research is the use of the school's web as a medium for learning mathematics online with the research subject consisting of 9 students of class VIII, mathematics teacher and deputy head of SMPN 1 Teras. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of the data using triangulation of sources and techniques. Data analysis was carried out through 3 paths, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research are the use of the school's web as a medium for learning mathematics online which is divided into 3 stages including planning, implementation and evaluation. The planning stage includes the background, planning, tools that need to be prepared and the content of the school web. The implementation phase includes the use of the school's web, student activity and student participation in online learning. The evaluation stage includes responses, advantages and disadvantages of using the school web. The use of the school web as a medium for online mathematics learning in the pandemic era is quite good. The school web can be used as an alternative learning media that is effectively used during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy, also considered clean energy, comes from continuously replenishing natural sources and processes. The thermal-physical properties of TiO2−SiO2, a 60:40 volume ratio of nanoparticles suspended in water (W) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) were investigated. Experiments were carried out to varied mixing ratios of 70:30 and 30:70 for volume concentrations of 0.3 to 0.7 % TiO2−SiO2 nanofluids. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity at from 30 to 70 °C were determined. Taken together, the results showed that the highest thermal conductivity for TiO2-SiO2 nanofluids produced throughout the ratios of 30:70 while 70:30 exhibited the lowest. The nature enhancement ratio indicates that a 0.7 % volume concentration of TiO2−SiO2 nanofluid would further facilitate heat transmission throughout all mixture ratios. In comparison with the base fluid, the amalgamation of increased thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity generates more benefits for heat transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of higher-order thinking is important for the students in facilitating the skill and knowledge transition to real work. Since there are many developed problems in society, the progress of higher-order thinking will expand psychological source so that the students are able to think better across several contexts. The aim of this study is describing the cognitive process in solving analyzing geometry problem based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. Analysis level consists of differentiating, organizing, and attributing. The subject of this study is a student in 8th grade. The implemented techniques of data collection are analyzing test and interview. Based on the result, a student at the analysis level has cognitive process order from attributing, organizing, and then differentiating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was previous research using REBA in Printing Som.A Tex batik industry. There were work elements that had high-risk level work posture. The problem caused low productivity among workers. The worker's productivity was 18 batik series per hour. So, needs to be repaired immediately. This research aims to design the facility tool to reduce risk work posture and increase productivity among the workers. Design facility tool using product design and development approach. The steps are: identifying the customer requirements, determining the facility tool concept, assessing the facility tool concept, determining the dimension and specification for the selected facility tool concept. The result from this research is there are three different alternative concept designs for facility tool. The selected alternative design based on the rank of facility tool concept assessment. The selected design concept is alternative III. Alternative III is a rack with manual operation system, cell divider system for batik dress and using the partition, specification divider about batik dress using the different color, the material of frame using profile L plate, the material of cross section using triplex, and there are wheels for the additional feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, various natural dyes were extracted from fruits, leaves, and vegetables were extensively reported with the potential as photo-absorber in dye-sensitized solar cells. In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis of zinc chloride nanoparticles (ZnCl2 NPs) with the extracts of Curcuma longa sp. (turmeric), CL was carried out. The prepared ZnCl2- CL were characterized with a series of analysis such as UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–IR). It was found that with ZnCl2-CL, UV-vis absorption was shifted and the measured bandgap value was smaller, compared to its starting material. Surface morphology from SEM analysis exhibited the changes of surface morphology and difference in particles size. With smaller bandgap, the conductivity of ZnCl2-CL was found increased from 105.52 eV to 114.52 eV, suggesting that the improvement of photo-absorber properties resulted from mixture solution. With further optimization in the reaction of metal nanoparticles and natural dyes extracts, the tunability of photo-absorber properties and its application in solar cell is believed can bring a promising future for DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several advantages of natural plant-derived dyes such as low cost, abundant in supply, sustainability and environmentally-safe make this type of dyes are widely investigated as photo-sensitizers. These dyes are known containing natural compounds (e.g. carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins) that have electronic delocalization in extended π-orbital system for electronic transfer mechanism. To date, a number of research works were reported to extend the potential of natural dyes as photo-sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In regard to this matter, extracted dyes from Kappaphycus alvarezii sp., Sargassum polycystum sp. and Manihot esculenta sp. denoted as K, S and C respectively were successfully prepared and several physical characterizations were carried out to analyse their photo-sensitizer properties. From UV-vis and tauc plot, it was found that all extracted dyes exhibited the absorption of wavelength in visible spectrum, concluded the ability of K, S and C as photo-sensitizers with bandgap values of 2.85, 2.41 and 2.10 eV, respectively. SEM surface morphology of C exhibited smooth surface with the existence of long chain of small particles, while S has bigger particles with few pinholes and K showed full coverage of rough surface. From BET analysis, C has highest specific surface area, SBET (5.16 m²g-1) and mesopore volume (0.007 cm³g-1) compared to other dyes, which may contribute to higher adsorption of C particles on TiO2 surface during dye sensitization. Overall solar cell performance of ITO/TiO2/dyes (K or S or C)/carbon obtained was found in similar trends with bandgap and conductivity, with PCE values of C, S and K are 0.6%, 0.18% and 0.06%, respectively. In summary, this study highlighted the promising photo-sensitizer properties of C, S and K for solar cell application and significant factor of specific surface area of dye particles for better solar cell performance of DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]