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The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, economies, and societies. As the disease continues to evolve, there is an increasing need for accurate and timely predictions to aid in formulating effective public health strategies and resource allocation. This abstract presents a study on applying machine learning techniques to predict and understand the dynamics of COVID-19. Machine learning models, specifically supervised learning algorithms, were trained on a comprehensive dataset encompassing various epidemiological factors,demographic information, and socio-economic indicators [2]. Feature engineering techniques were employed to extract relevant features from the dataset, such as daily cases, testing rates, vaccination coverage, and mobility patterns. Different machine learning algorithms, including random forests, support vector machines, and gradient boosting, were evaluated and optimized to achieve the best predictive performance. Cross-validation techniques were applied to ensure the robustness and generalizability of the models. Hyper parameter tuning and model selection processes were carried out to enhance the accuracy and interpretability of the predictions. The trained models demonstrated promising results in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, such as the number of cases, hospitalizations, and mortality rates. Furthermore, feature importance analysis provided valuable insights into the factors driving the spread and severity of the disease, enabling public health officials to make informed decisions. This study contributes to the growing body of machine learning research to understand and forecast the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. By leveraging the power of data-driven models, policymakers and healthcare professionals can better anticipate the trajectory of the disease, allocate resources efficiently, and implement targeted interventions to mitigate its impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the detailed accreditation process of ABET, Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology, for accrediting engineering and Technology programs. ABET being non-governmental agency that accredits engineering & technology, applied & natural sciences, and computing sciences programs. ABET was founded on 10th May 1932 and was founded by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. International industries accept ABET accredited institute having highest standards in their academic programs. In this accreditation there are eight criterion in general, criterion 1 describes the student outcome evaluations, criteria 2 measures the program educational objectives, criteria 3 is the student outcome calculated from the marks obtained by students, criteria 4 establishes continuous improvement, criteria 5 focus on curriculum of the institute, criteria 6 is about faculties of this institute, criteria 7 measures the facilities provided by the institute and finally, criteria 8 focus on institutional support towards staff of the institute. In this paper we focused on the calculative part of each criterion with equations and suitable examples, the files and documentations required for each criterion and the total workflow of the process. The references and the values used to illustrate the calculations are all taken from the samples provided at ABET official website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring Firewall Technology to Improve Computer Network Security in 5G Firewalls are essential for maintaining computer networks' high levels of security. Network security has drawn a lot of attention as a result of the increased usage of computer technology. In the context of a 5G environment, this article examines the value of firewall technology in securing computer networks. Inadequate base station deployment at communication cell boundaries is one vulnerability that the implementation of 5G mobile networks offers. This study suggests mobile network optimization tactics to deal with these issues. In order to propose numerous optimization methods that guarantee flawless network coverage and unbroken mobile communication, it looks into difficult communication scenarios in metropolitan settings. Additionally, the introduction of 5G will deliver fast, big-capacity, low-latency, and highly dependable services that affect how well local optical cable infrastructure and core systems are used. The paper emphasizes how effectively utilizing firewalls, which offer a high level of protection, has improved computer network security. Experimental results back up these conclusions, highlighting the crucial function firewalls play in maintaining complete network security in the 5G future. [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optimization approach is brought forward for optimal energy scheduling in a modern smart home. After the development of smart devices and their integration with smart grid, the end consumers have the chance to schedule their home appliances in order to decrease the overall electricity price and allaying the power Peak to Average ratio (PAR). The application pattern of home devices is observed at first for optimal energy scheduling. The home gateway (HG) obtains the demand response (DR) showing the real-time electricity price (RTEP) and later sent to energy management controller (EMC). With the Demand Response, the EMC results in the essential energy scheduling that can be sent to each electric appliance by the Home Gateway. The next feature is integrating RTEP with IBR, because if only RTEP is considered the appliances tend to be scheduled at lowest electricity price slot, this may lead to blackout during that time period. By executing this optimization method, our proposed approach could gradually reduce boththe electricity price and PAR, thereby, strengthening the stability of the entire Grid system. The optimization technique we used to solve this problem was Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the optimization problem was nonlinear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of possible intrusions to any networking system is always considered as the most important task especially when the role of attacks has changed on NIDS. The improved modeling implementation on NIDS can only be archived by making Machine learning implementation on intrusion data for detection of possible intrusions. The implementation of machine learning techniques can be possible on IoT networks, cloud implementation, traditional networks or even on the WSN's for identification of possible intrusions. In this article, the possible challenges which can create barriers to the detection and mitigation of possible intrusions are identified with help of ML techniques and intrusion datasets which are available for public uses. The possible problems associated to implementation of NIDS are mainly explained in this article. The improved development of NIDS models will become possible to the researchers with help of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort from random vibrations is the criteria for a driver of a vehicle. Amplitude of vibrations is to be reduced in order to achieve the comfort zone either to the driver or the passengers. Vibration isolation, materials, design of the vehicles based on the properties of the elastic, inertia, damping elements. In this article, designed the vibration isolator (VI) and used the various materials of Carbon spring (M1), Music Wire (M2), Chrome-Vanadium (M3) and Chrome-Silicon (M4) are considered for elastic element and observed the stresses and deformations at the loads of 10 N to 30 N in steps of 10 N. The maximum deformation is observed in M2 as 4.8948 mm and minimum in M4 at 4.6545 mm and remains constant for M3 and M1 as 4.8588 mm at 10 N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Cerenkov interactions, a low-frequency electrostatic dust acoustic waves (DAWs) have been driven to instabilities by negatively charged dust grains comprised in a plasma cylinder, where a Gyrating ion beam having velocity (v ⊥ θ ⌢ + v b 0 Z ^) has been propagating. For the typically existing parameters of dusty plasma, numerical calculations of phase velocity, unstable wave frequency and growth rate have been performed. With relative density δ (= n 0 i n 0 e ) of negatively charged dust grains, an enhancement in the unstable wave frequency and in the growth rate have been noticed. This is due to the fact that adding of dust into plasma increased the instability, so our growth rate will grow up. Consequently, with the beam density, an increment in the growth rate of unstable dust acoustic wave mode has been reported. It is scaled as 1/3rd of the beam density. Additionally, with the beam energy, an enhancement in the real part frequency of the unstable mode has also been reported. It is scaled as 1/2nd power of beam energy. In research laboratory as well as in astrophysical plasmas, the outcome of this work shall find useful applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pottery in the form of artistic expression, is one of the important ways of communicating the traditional knowledge and information as it communicates valuable information about the human past with the help of earthen made vessels and idols. It has communicated the information even before technology has made a room for science communication. Science Communication incorporates the communication among groups within the scientific community, counting those in academic world and industry. The academician from science and social science background has got many valuable information from pottery and so is the government, media (including museums and science centers) and general public. Therefore, Pottery talks and communicates the information. This paper will focus on preserving the pottery in India: A traditional medium of science Communication, as community associated with it, known as Kumhar are losing interest eventually in practicing pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is very sensitive in its fresh condition. Cracks are nearly unavoidable even after taking every precaution from the selection of material to the casting of concrete. Cracks are termite for concrete. hence it is necessary to provide such agents in the concrete which can increase its autogenous healing ability. In this paper, bacillus subtilis bacteria and sugarcane bagasse ash have been used in concrete to study their effects on its strength and water absorption property. The experiment is done in two steps. In the first step, sugarcane bagasse-ash is used in cement concrete as partial replacement with cement by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to find out optimum replacement value of bagasse ash for which we get maximum compressive strength of the concrete and we found it at 10 % replacement. Then in the second step, solution of bacillus subtilis bacteria having concentration 105 cells/ml is used with bagasse ash partially replaced with cement by 10% in the casting of concrete. It was found that the compressive strength further increases by 20.57% with the addition of bacteria in bagasse-ash based concrete. Water absorption capacity was found to be reduced up to 20.10%. Hence the crux is that the use of bacillus subtilis bacteria at the concentration 105 cells/ml and sugarcane bagasse ash with 10% replacement with OPC improves the mechanical properties and impermeability by reducing the water absorption capacity of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart materials are the product of significant advances in industrial engineering and can be used in a number of ways. This study examines a number of smart materials used in current building constructions from the perspectives of civil engineering and architecture, as well as the benefits they may provide. These advantages include the construction of the building, the interior design, and the façade approach. A new attractive effect is a very major cause of the usage of specific product. This impression is created by means of improved patterns; shape alteration, dynamic imagery display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present manuscript, the phenomena of temperature anisotropy driven Weibel instability is reported for different modes: in the presence of cold and warm carbon ion plasma, carbon plasma in the presence of hydrogen ions and in hydrogen ion plasma, respectively. Numerical calculations of the normalized growth rate and their expressions for an electromagnetic wave having ω > > k z v t h z , i.e., when the phase velocity of electromagnetic wave is greater than the electron thermal velocity, and ω < < k z v t h z , i.e., when the phase velocity of electromagnetic wave is less than thermal velocity of electrons for cold ion case are carried out. Also in the case of warm ions, for the electromagnetic wave having v t h z > ω k z > v t h z α and v t h z > v t h α z ≈ ω k z , the growth rate is studied for the typical existing plasma parameters. It is found that the normalized growth rate in the presence of cold carbon ion plasma scales one half powers of the electron temperature anisotropy parameters, A = T x T z − 1. The normalized growth rate Γ p = Γ / ω p e increases with increasing normalized wave number kp and attains maxima at small wave numbers and due to thermal effects, the further increase in the wave number decreases the growth rate. There is a significant effect of adding up the hydrogen ions into carbon plasma. The presence of the hydrogen ions into carbon plasma increases the stability, so the growth rate decreases. Also, for the case of pure carbon ion plasma, the instability increases. Thus, the growth rate increases. While, the normalized growth rate value is largest for the case of pure carbon ion plasma or smallest for the case of pure hydrogen ion plasma and lies in between them for the case of carbon plasma in the presence of hydrogen ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current investigation is to carry out an analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid across a wedge-shaped geometry under the impact of convectively heated boundary conditions. Specifically, for this analysis, two distinct kinds of water-based nanofluids comprising Copper (Cu) and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have been selected. Similarity variables are applied to convert the controlling fluid flow differential equations into a set of connected ordinary differential equations that regulate the fluid flow. The effect of relevant flow parameters on nanofluid temperature, velocity, and concentration is graphically illustrated with detailed explanations, whereas numerical results for rate of mass and heat transfer and skin friction coefficient at the wedge's surface are presented in tabular form. It has been found that increasing the Biot number enhances the temperature profile. The work that has been done here has a wide range of applications in both scientific and industrial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon is termed as one of the first identified carcinogenic radioactive gas that causes cancer to the human beings. It is the second most responsible reason for the occurrence of lung cancer in humans after the tobacco smoking.Its existence in the indoor environment vary from place to place and it can become very harmful, if its indoor value reaches to high levels. Its concentration has to be measured to safeguard humans, living indoor, from its harmful effects. In this study an attempt has been made to measure the indoor radon equilibrium equivalent concentration usingLR-115 solid-state nuclear track detectors in some dwellings of Panchkula district of Haryana, India.The measurements were done for the two seasons viz. summer and autumn. indoor radon equilibrium equivalent concentration was found to vary from 55 Bq m−3 to 114Bq m−3 and 64 Bq m−3 to 145 Bq m−3 for summer and autumn season respectively. The annual effective dose received by the dwellers due to these radon levels was found to be 1.57 mSv. These measured values are found to be more or less within the safe limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heatt transfer enhancement in solar air heater (SAH) over surface can be improved by placing rib roughness element embedded on the absorber surface. The present work is concerned with the technique of enhancing the heatt transfer by providing chamfered rib along with grooved roughness on the absorber plate surface of solar air heater (SAH) was analysed by CFD based ANSYS FLUENT 16.2 commercially available software. The 2-D numerical study was performed on CFD model of solar air heater system and the analysiss has been done to get the outcome of relative roughness pitch (Pi/e of 4.5,6,8,10) on heatt transfer and frictionn factor (fr) keeping all the dimensionless parameter constant i.e. relative groovee position (g/Pi) of 0.4, relative roughness height (e/D) of 0.04 and chamfered angle (ϕ) of 18° at different Reynoldss number ranges from 3000-20000. The simulated results of mathematical modeling using renowned Reynolds averaged Navierr Stokes equations (RANS) turbulence model is validated and compared similitude the results with those of existing experimental values under similar conditions. The results implies that the value of average Nusseltt number increases with increasing the relative roughness pitch (Pi/e) and attain its maximum at Pi/e of 6 mainly due to strong reattachment location between the ribs, furthermore increase of Pi/e values from 8 to 10 the Nusseltt number found to decrease declined for all value of Reynoldss number. Thus, it emphasizes that the chamfered rib roughness at Pi/e of 6 is the strong function of Nusseltt number achieving its optimum value of heatt transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon photodiodes coupled to scintillators are widely used for X-ray imaging applications involving radiography and tomography for security or medical applications. X-ray baggage inspection systems (XBIS) are used for detection of threat materials using dual energy radiography of objects. A basic understanding of these systems in terms of generation of scintillation photons, energy deposition in scintillators and charge generation in photodiodes is essential for the design of the systems and for optimizing the detector parameters to achieve desired imaging performance. In the present work, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to analyze the performance of detectors starting from theoretical generation of X-ray spectrum. Using this spectrum detector performance for dual energy material discrimination was studied. X-ray images of objects for evaluating penetration capability were also obtained. The R-values were calculated for different materials for mono-energetic X-ray photons which were observed to be constant with the thickness of the material. However, these values were observed to be decreasing with the increase in the thickness of the material when actual 140 keV X-ray spectrum was used for the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our present work, Ba0.98-3x/2BixCa0.02Zr0.02Ti0.976Cu0.008O3(abb. as BCZTCuBix) lead free ferroelectric ceramics have been synthesized via solid state reaction method. TGA-DSC and XRD techniques have been used to characterize these lead free ceramic samples. From the TGA-DSC analysis of BCZTCuBix with x = 0.01, it is clear that the weight loss became stable after 1000°C, which is an indication of the fact that the reaction has completed up to this temperature. Such observations give a fair estimation of the calcination temperature for BCZTCuBix ceramic samples. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of perovskite structure with tetragonal symmetry for the calcined as well as forthe sintered samples. Further, the crystallite size of calcined sample was found to be decrease from 32.26 nm to 29.96 nm with increase in doping content of 'Bi' from x=0 to x=0.02, which may be ascribed to the distortion in the lattice caused by the difference in the ionic radii of dopants and host ions in BCZT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment protection and Human health concern is the driving force to eliminate the lead from commercial piezoelectric materials. Among lead-free ferroelectric ceramics, Potassium-sodium niobate (KxNa1-x) NbO3 (KNN) based ceramics have gain much attention as one of the effective alternatives for replacing lead-based ones. In the present study, we have synthesized 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)1-3xNdxNb0.96Sb0.04O3-0.04(Bi0.5K0.5) (Zr0.9Sn0.1) O3 (abb. as KNNNxS-BKZS) [x=0, 0.002 and 0.004] by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Thermal behaviour of mixed powders has been studied through TGA-DSC analysis to estimate the calcination temperature. TGA curve shows that, above 770°C, the decomposition of carbonates has completed and no significant weight loss has been observed after this temperature. A perovskite structure has been revealed in calcined as well as sintered ceramics through XRD analysis. The maximum crystallite size of calcined powders found to be ∼14.00 nm for x=0.002. Further, the crystallite size of the calcined powder for x=0 composition has been found to increase from ∼12.47 nm to ∼17.37 nm after sintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the yrast spectra of 94Nb has been studied in a microscopic frame work of calculations known as Projected Shell Model (PSM). Band structure for 94Nb has been obtained from the PSM calculation and the calculated yrast spectra is in good agreement with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the earth crust materials contains radionuclides in varying amount according to geological and environmental conditions which results into external and internal radiation exposure. In addition to building materials soil is also used in construction and hence has fundamental importance in the estimation of radionuclides for human health safety. In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are investigated using the gamma spectrometer NaI (Tl) detector coupled with 1K MCA card. Activity concentration of radium, thorium and potassium vary from40.91 to 67.59 Bq/Kg,106.7 to 199.33 Bq/Kg and 698.89 to 1996.62 Bq/Kg with an average of 50.76 ±1.88 Bq/Kg, 154.69 ± 5.76 Bq/Kg and 1092.51 ±112.58 Bq/Kg respectively.In addition, different radiological parameters and hazard indices were calculated from measured gamma ray activities associated with use of these materials.The results in the present study were compared with the world average and also with the reported data available in literature.Estimated radiological hazards are below the recommendation of UNSCEAR andhelp in understanding the status of environmental radioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of two-quasiparticle bands of the odd-odd 102Nb nucleus is performed using the projected shell model approach. Yrast band with some other bands have been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental. On comparing the available experimental data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a microscopic method known as Projected Shell Model (PSM), positive-parity band structure of odd mass neutron-deficient 117I nucleus has been studied with the deformed single-particle states generated by the standard Nilsson potential. For this isotope, the band structure has been analyzed in terms of quasi-particles configurations. The phenomenon of back bending in moment of inertia is also studied in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some N=80 isotones (144Gd, 146Dy and 148Er) have been studied by using the HFB framework and the nuclear structure properties like yrast spectra, subshell occupation numbers and quadrupole moments have been obtained. Intrinsic quadrupole moments obtained from HFB calculations show a gradual increase as one moves from 144Gd to 148Er indicating, thereby, an increase in deformation, which is in agreement with the experimental results. From the results of subshell occupation numbers, it is clear that subshells 3s1/2, 2d3/2, 2d5/2, 1g7/2 and 1h11/2 of protons are contributing towards the development of deformation as one moves from 144Gd to 148Er. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring the electronic band gap of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) through edge functionalization and understanding the adsorption of guest adatoms on GNR is crucial for realization of upcoming organic devices. In the present work, we have investigated the structural stability and electronic property of bromine (Br) termination at the edges of zigzag GNR (ZGNR). The migration pathways of Br adatom on ZGNR have also been discussed along four different diffusion paths. It is revealed that Br termination induces metallicity in ZGNR and caused upward shifting of Fermi level. Further, the migration is predicted to take place preferable along the ribbon edges whereas across the ribbon width, migration is least probable to take place due to sufficiently higher migration barrier of ∼160 meV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern age of technology, the redundancies are employed in the various industrial systems to prevent them from failure/sudden failure or to recover from failures. As complexity increases, the chances of failure of the system are also increased. So, in order to prevent a system from various failures and compete from other similar industries, it is mandatory that the considered system should free from all types of failure as much as possible. Keeping this in mind in the present paper the authors have investigated the simultaneous effect of k-out-of-n: G/F and parallel redundancy in a complex industrial system. In order to analyse the problem mathematically Markov process has been used. Numerical results have also been depicted with the aid of graphs for a clear understanding of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the structural and electrical transport properties of nanocrystalline SrCo0.95Mn0.05O3-δ sample synthesized by the sol-gel method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that sample has hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity data shows the insulating behavior below 100 K. Above 100 K, the sample shows the semiconducting-like behavior. At the high-temperature region 180 K - 300 K, the electrical transport behavior is dominated by the Mott's variable range hoping (VRH) conduction mechanism and the VRH fitted data shows the density of states in the vicinity of Fermi energy, N (EF) ~15.624 x 1018 ev-1cm-3 which is comparable to other semiconducting oxide materials. Field dependence magnetoresistance (MR) data shows the negative MR of 2.7% at room temperature for the field change of 3 T. The experimental result reveals the suitability of the magnetic compound for the memory devices near room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide has attained much attentions in global nanotechnology market due to valuable application for catalytic, fuel additive, and widely as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell. Doped cerium oxide has large oxygen vacancies that allow for greater reactivity and faster ion transport. These properties make cerium oxide suitable material for SOFCs application. Cerium oxide electrolyte requires lower operation temperature which shows improvement in processing and the fabrication technique. In our work, we synthesized magnesium doped cerium oxide by the co-precipitation method. With the magnesium doping catalytic reactivity of CeO2 was increased. Synthesized nanoparticle were characterized by the XRD and UV absorption techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of two-quasiparticle bands of the odd-odd 90Nb nucleus is performed using the projected shell model approach. Yrast band with some other bands have been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental. On comparing the available experimental data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristic nuclear structure properties of yrast bands of 55,57Cr have been investigated by using two body effective interactions incorporated in phenomenological axial framework. In order to check the validity of the chosen framework as well as chosen valence space, the calculated results are compared with the available experimental data and a good agreement has been found from the comparison. The back-bending in moment of inertia has also been studied and attributed to the alignment of odd g9/2 neutron along the rotation axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the microscopic approach of Projected Shell Model (PSM), negative-parity band structures of odd mass neutron-rich 115,117I nuclei have been studied with the deformed single-particle states generated by the standard Nilsson potential. For these isotopes, the band structures have been analyzed in terms of quasi-particles configurations. The phenomenon of back bending in moment of inertia is also studied in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-spin structure in 61Cu nucleus is studied in terms of effective two body interaction. In order to take into account the deformed BCS basis, the basis states are expanded in terms of the core eigenfunctions. Yrast band with some other bands havew been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental data for 61Cu nucleus. On comparing the available experimental as well as other theoretical data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's a growing issue our clothes get burnt when ironing. This occurs primarily when the iron box is left idle when making some phone calls or other activities. Ironing works by loosening the bond between polymer long-chain molecules in the material fibers. It is a concept that uses an innovative structure and motorized mechanisms to efficiently iron various clothes by reducing the ironing task difficulties. This is a protection tool that is extremely useful in every household. It will be an affordable, foldable machine that can iron any cloth within a time frame. It uses an ultrasonic sensor, which detects the iron box's distance from the fabric. The distance from the cloth is constant, as the iron box is left idle. Using this philosophy, for a given time, a sensor senses the distance. Further LED blinks and buzzer sets on as the gap continues to be constant. The power gets cut off after this as the iron box is still idle. And we can avoid the burning off of our clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the electronic properties of pristine and Cl functionalized zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) by employing density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. The migration pathways of Cl adatom adsorption on Cl functionalized ZGNR are also discussed. It is revealed that Cl functionalization results in additional electronic states across the Fermi level which enhances the metallic character of ZGNR. Interestingly, it is predicted that migration of Cl adatom on ZGNR network is most likely to take place along the ribbon edges whereas migration across the ribbon width is found least energetically favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical vapor deposition has opened the possibility to grow high purity synthetic diamond at relatively low cost. This has opened up uses of diamond based detectors for wide range of applications. These detectors are most suitable for harsh environments where standard semiconductor detectors cannot work. In this paper, we present the fabrication details and performance study of polycrystalline diamond based radiation detector. Effect of different operating parameters such as bias voltage and shaping time for charge collection on the performance of detector has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba1-xCax Zr0.52Ti0.48 O3 ceramics was prepared by sol gel method. The crystallite size was in nano scale range. The dielectric constant was increased with increase in Ca2+ concentration in the sample. The dielectric loss was decreased with increase in ca concentration in the sample. The ac conductivity of the sample was increased with increase in Ca2+ concentration in the sample. The ac conductivity of the sample follows Johnscher power law. AC conductivity analysis shows that the interactions between neighbouring dipoles were decreased with the increase in Ca2+ concentration in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-Phase BaTiO3 (BTO) and Cr3+ ions doped BTO i.e. BaTi0.8Cr0.2O3 (BTCO) were prepared by solid state reaction of ceramics. The value of dielectric permittivity at room temperature (ε'RT ~1200 at 100 Hz) of BTO was found to be higher than BTCO (ε'RT ~1000), this type of behavior may be ascribed due to distortion in lattice parameters (c/a). Substitution of Cr3+ ions at the site of Ti4+ ions (d0) will create oxygen vacancies and induce O2-(p)-Cr3+(d) hybridization. Magnetic moment of BTCO was found to be ~ 0.02 emu/g at an applied magnetic field of 4 kOe. The value of the magnetocapacitance was observed ~3.3%, which may be a sign of magnetoelectric coupling in the Cr3+ ions doped BTO multiferroic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the past several year's educational institutions at every level was practicing conventional teaching-learning process. It seems to be the only way of imparting education to the learners. However, due to the onset of Coronavirus, i.e., Covid19, everything came to a halt for a while all over the world. The complete ecosystem of human society gets affected by this. Educational institutions also hit hard by this pandemic, and the complete layout of the teaching-learning process over the globe changed. It brings challenges for both students and teachers to withstand in this tough situation and to restore the backbone of learning. E-learning activities slowly-slowly gripped the complete educational ecosystem and the way of imparting education also changed. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the level of cognition faced by e-learners as compared to traditional learners at higher education level during Covid19. For this study, 120 students from Chitkara University have voluntarily participated and submitted their responses through the Google Form. It deduces from this study that learners using E-learning mode feel more cognitive load as compared to traditional learners. The cohen's d-value which represents the effect size comes to be 0.97 which means that the effect of cognitive load is significantly large on e-learners than the traditional learners. In the future, the reasons behind the rise of the cognition level of e-learners need to evaluate and improve the learning gain of e-learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond detectors using polycrystalline CVD diamond substrates of thickness 300µm and 100µm were fabricated for fast neutron monitoring application. . The characterization of detectors was carried out using various tests such as leakage current, capacitance and alpha particle response. The performance of detectors was evaluated for fast neutrons at different neutron yields. The results presented in this work demonstrate that the diamond detectors will be suitable for monitoring fast neutrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have determined crystal structure and nature of structural defects in the Cu0.73Mn0.77[Fe(CN)6]·zH2O molecular magnetic compound by employing the Rietveld refinement and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation techniques on the neutron scattering data. It crystallizes in a face centred cubic structure (Space group: Fm3m). The analysis of the pair-correlation functions for the oxygen atoms of the coordinated and non-coordinated water molecules reveals a correlated local ordering of water molecules at and around the empty Fe(CN)6 sites in this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) fuelled with methanol was achieved on a modified CI engine by heating the intake air. The effects of intake temperature and mixture concentration on HCCI combustion characteristics and emissions were analyzed in this paper. Initially the experimental run with pure diesel then the piston is modified with CE Coated Engine - Aluminium oxide Al2O3 and addition of methanol on HCCI engine, then the same type of experimental have been carried under the Lemon Grass Methyl Ester (LGME) with coating and methanol in HCCI Engine. The result of the experiment with performance of BTE increases with coated engine and decreases by addition of methanol, LGME blend results has decreases and increases with (CE) and decreases by addition of methanol. BSFC results increased with all condition because the blend and thermal coating had a higher viscosity and lower energy content. The emission results such as CO, HC NoX and smoke were the NoX is slightly increased when compared to other emission in future the impact of adopting a varied compression ratio and technique to analysis the NoX emission control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid state approach was used to synthesizedBaTiO3 based lead-free 0.9Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3-0.1Bi(Li0.5Nb0.5)O3 perovskite ceramic. Analyzing the stability and deformation of the crystal structure was done using the tolerance factor. The sample's structural features were examined using X-ray Diffraction. The Pseudo-Voigt function was utilized to match the XRD patterns, and the Rietveld refinement was used to confirm the mixed cubic and tetragonal symmetry with space groups Pm-3m and P4/mmm. The Scherrer's formula was used to calculate the sample's peak broadening and identify the size of the crystallites. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and FESEM method were used to determine the elemental composition and surface morphology of the same sample, which had an average grain size of 132nm. The Maxwell-Wagner theory of polarization, which is consistent with Koop's model's phenomenological theory, explains the dispersive behavior of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The response of the dielectric of produced sample was examined at temperature variations throughout the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single phase double perovskite Sr2NiWO6 was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method. Crystal structure of the sintered sample was determined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) at room temperature. Space group (I4/m) and tetragonal symmetry of Sr2NiWO6 was confirmed by Rietveld refinement through Full-prof suite software, along with a small impurity phase of SrWO4 and Sr2WO5 at 27.70˚ (2θ). Small values of residual factor, weighted residual factor (R factors) and chi2 (χ2) demonstrated a good relation between observed and calculated intensities. For the calculation of bond length and bond angles, Visualization for Electronic Structural Analysis (VESTA) software was used. Micro-structural and elemental composition analysis of the synthesized sample was analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Also, phonon modes for vibration of octahedra (WO6) were investigated by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter is an American social networking and blogging site where users can communicate through messages known as "Tweets. The number of characters is restricted to 280 for all languages except Korean, Chinese and Japanese. Users on social media platforms tend to easily believe the contents of posts related to any random events and some of these events happen to be fake. Twitter spammers may fulfill their malicious objectives, such as spam sending, distributing malware, hosting botnet command and control (C&C) networks, and launching other illicit activities in the underground. Hence, we have proposed a system that will not only help in finding the type of spammers but also eliminate identical tweets. So we have implemented multi-classifier algorithms such as naive Bayes, K-Nearest neighbor, Decision tree and Random forest on a dataset obtained from Twitter and their performance is compared, also the most accurate algorithm is found out. The results of the experiment have been very positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated magnetization properties of the sol-gel prepared SrCo0.95Mn0.05O3 (SCMO) sample with respect to change in structural symmetry. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the crystal structure changes from nH-hexagonal, showing trigonal symmetry (SCMO1), to 2H-hexagonal phase (SCMO2). The trigonal crystal symmetry was obtained at lower annealing temperature (less than 1100 °C), however, the 2H-hexagonal symmetry was obtained at higher annealing temperature. The crystallite size calculated using Debye Scherer formula is found to be ∼ 46 nm and ∼ 33 nm for SCMO1 and SCMO2 samples respectively. The temperature dependence zero field cooled (MZFC) and field cooled (MFC) magnetization curves measured under the applied magnetic field of 500 Oe show magnetic reversibility for the SCMO1 sample. However, MZFC and MFC curves in hexagonal phase show magnetic irreversibility with onset temperature, Tirr ∼ 150 K, exhibits weak ferromagnetic ordering. The temperature variation of magnetization in paramagnetic region was analyzed by following Curie-Weiss law fitting. The χ−1(T) curve shows complete linear behavior with single slope for SCMO1 sample, whereas, the SCMO2 curve exhibit the linear behavior with two distinct slopes. Interestingly the sample in hexagonal phase shows small hysteresis loop at 2 K and 100 K respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the effect of Cu doping at Mn-site on structural and magnetic properties of a nanocrystalline La0.7Te0.3Mn0.9Cu0.1O3. The nanocrystalline La0.7Te0.3Mn0.9Cu0.1O3 sample was prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis using Rietveld refinement revealed that the sample crystallized in rhombohedral crystal structure with R 3 ¯ c space group. Debye Scherer’s formula was used to calculate crystallite size and was found to be ~25 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the homogeneity of the nanocrystalline sample. The temperature dependence data shows ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition and the Curie temperature was found to be 219 K for the nanocrystalline La0.7Te0.3Mn0.9Cu0.1O3 sample. Magnetic field dependence magnetization M(H) show the hysteresis loop at 2 K and 50 K confirming the formation of intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering due to Cu doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In solar distillation unit major issues is with the lesser rate of distillation. The objective of this present communication is to improve the productivity output of solar still by preheating the saline water with external agencies. This work also promotes in finding the optimal water depth for better productivity and thermal efficiency. In the paper, conventional type single slope solar still (SSSS) has an integrated flat plate collector (FPC) arrangement. Outdoor experimentation has been performed for the active single slope solar still (SSSS) assisted with FPC to find the optimal basin water depth. Investigation has been performed in clear sky conditions on south-facing at an inclination angle of 23° latitude. The experimentation is being performed with varrying the different basin depths (3,6,9,12 cm) for solar still without flat plated collector and another is assisted with it. Various operating parameters have been investigated like hourly distillate output, Different temperatures, coefficients of heat transfer (hew) and (hcw). Result shows that the heat transfer coefficients mainly influenced by basin water depth in the solar still unit. The maximum productivity as well as thermal efficiency for the lower water depth of 3 cm in conventional solar still 0.727 l/day and 45.11% and it increases due to the additional thermal energy supply through FPC from to 1.59 l/day and 57.07% respectively under the same basin conditions. Results obtained at optimized conditions were in close agreement with the predicted responses of theoretical aspects. It is also revealed that nocturnal effect was dominating the responses at higher water depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical conduction properties of lithium ferrite Li0.5FeCr1.5O4 have been studied by impedance spectroscopy in the range of 373-450 K. Our study reveals a mixed ionic and electronic conduction with almost equal contributions at 373 K. As temperature increases, the relative contribution of electronic conduction increases and becomes∼57 % at 450 K. The ionic conduction comes from the mobile Li+ ions, whereas, electronic conduction is due to transfer of the 3d-electrons (localized at the metal ions) between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. The change of slopes for both the ionic and electronic conductions vs temperature curves at the magnetic ordering temperature TC = 417 K, reveals a strong magneto-electric coupling. The activation energies for the temperatures regions above and below TC are determined to be 0.146eV and 0.134eV for ionic conduction, and 0.161eV and 0.152eV for electronic conduction. Our study has demonstrated the correlation of cation distribution among the tetrahedra and octahedra sites with conduction properties in Li0.5FeCr1.5O4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are gaining popularity over conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in various radiation detection applications. For this application, it is necessary to optimize the scintillator material and its geometry. In order to develop a compact, low power gamma spectrometry system based on a scintillator coupled SiPM detector, energy deposition in Gd3Ga3Al2O12(Ce) (abbreviated as GGAG(Ce)), NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) scintillators of different dimensionswas calculated using Monte Carlo simulation code FLUKA for different gamma energies from 60 keV to 2614 keV. It is observed that energy deposition is highest in GGAG(Ce) followed byCsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) respectively. By increasing thepath length of the scintillator, energy deposition is seen to increase for energies 662 keV, 1250 keV and 2614 keV. However, for 60 keV, the increase in longitudinal dimension above 3 mm does not affect the energy deposition. Based on the simulation data,GGAG(Ce) scintillator with 3×3×24 mm3 geometry was chosen for making a scintillator coupledSiPM detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robots are robots that are controlled by a software program or electrical circuitry and are programmed to execute sophisticated, often repetitive tasks. Biped robots are fascinating because they resemble human movement in certain ways, leading to the term "humanoids" being used to them. Locomotion refers to an organism's capacity to move from one location to another. It might be self-propelled or reliant on its surroundings. Walking, crawling, swimming, rolling, jumping, and burrowing are some of the most prevalent locomotion techniques. It is more capable than any other sort of robot of performing successfully in a human-oriented setting with excellent harmony. In this study, two situations of uneven terrain walking are investigated. In the first situation, the biped robot is believed to be walking at half the pace of flat terrain walking, while in the second case, the speed of uneven terrain walking is supposed to be the same as flat terrain walking. This dynamic model and the foot construction help a biped robot walk more steadily over rough terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quaternized Chitosan/silica based composite membranes were prepared for pervaporation dehydration of water-ethanol mixture. Silica content in membrane matrix has been systematically optimized to control the nanostructure of the developed polymer matrix for studying the effects of molecular structure on the swelling, and PV performance. Among prepared membranes, 40% silica composite membrane shows the remarkable results for the water removal from water/ethanol mixture (80% ethanol + 20% water (w/w)). Contact angle measurement support the PV data as nature of CH-3 membrane is more hydrophilic comparative to others. SEM micrographs show the surface uniformity of the membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic, magnetocapacitance and dielectric properties of composite film of MnFe2O4-poly (vinylidenefluoride)-BaTiO3 are reported here for first time. The dielectric permittivity ([variant_greek_epsilon]′RT) was found to be ∼455 at 100 Hz. The maximum magnetization was observed ∼0.56 emu/g. The coercive field (Hc) and remnant magnetization (Mr) were found to be 88 Oe and 0.14 emu/g. Absolute value of the magnetocapacitance was found to be ∼ 0.54 % at 8 kOe. The observation of magnetodielectric properties in this novel film is the most conclusive experimental evidence of magnetoelectric coupling, which may be useful for device application as well as fascinating for fundamental physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]