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The present work deals with numerical solution of advection-dispersion equation (ADE) to find solute distribution profiles along and against groundwater flow in two-dimensional finite homogeneous porous medium. Initially, the transport medium is supposed as non-solute free. A constant concentration is assigned throughout the medium at the initial time. An intermediate point is located in the medium from where dispersion of solute is studied along and against groundwater flow. Dirichlet boundary conditions are prescribed along co-ordinate axes from the intermediate point. Solute fluxes are prescribed as zeros at the extreme boundaries. For the numerical solution, alternating direction implicit (ADI) method is applied to approximate the ADE together with initial and boundary conditions. On approximation of the ADE by ADI method, a tridiagonal linear system of algebraic equations is obtained at each half level of time interval. This linear system of equations is solved graphically to illustrate solute transport.

Due to its excellent optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, Graphene and Reduced Graphene Oxide have been studied for various applications. Various techniques have also been used to produce high quality thin films like chemical reduction, solution growth, chemical vapor deposition etc. In these techniques mostly toxic, reducible reagents and gases have been used. Herein we report a novel direct and simple procedure for fabrication of reduced graphene oxide thin films without using any hazardous gases or reagents. In this study, reduced graphene oxide thin films were prepared on silicon substrates by a simple wet chemical technique using Shellac Biopolymer as the precursor material followed by annealing at different temperatures. After the formation of the polymer films and subsequent annealing, the structural and morphological evolution of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively which indicate the formation of reduced graphene oxide films. The optical constants such as refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films were determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry study which shows lower extinction coefficient and hence higher transparency of the films annealed at 900 °C indicating the suitability of the films for photovoltaic device applications.

Hierarchically rich, porous and layered materials are the demanding substances for the energy storage system. Among many of them, graphene-like layered materials are very favourable in the cathode for lithium-ion batteries. We are preparing sulfur-graphite composites and observing the exfoliation of graphite into a few layers of graphene. Planetary ball milling was used for making the composite as well as exfoliation of graphite into layered carbon material. In this process, sulfur is acting as an exfoliating agent and at the same time exfoliated layers are absorbing sulfur in an appropriate manner. The simultaneous exfoliation and absorption of sulfur, make this type of composite suitable for lithium-sulfur batteries. We have demonstrated the effect of ball milling time and the sulfur-graphite weight ratio on the amount of exfoliation and sulfur absorption. All the preparation is done in an open atmosphere and there is no hazardous chemical involved, this method is low cost and eco-friendly.

The rare earth doped aluminates and standard phosphor CaSO4:Dy were synthesized by urea fuel combustion and co-precipitation method respectively. The low-resolution SEM micrographs that the powders show many agglomerates. In order to confirm the chemical homogeneity of the phosphor sample by EDX spectra. The EDX study of the phosphors were confirmed the presence of doping rare earth metal Eu and Dy in host matrix compounds. The phosphors ZnMgAl10O17:Eu, BaMgAl10O17:Eu,Dy, SrMgAl10O17:Eu, Dy, CaMgAl10O17:Eu, Dy, BaMgAl10O17:Eu, and BaMg2Al16O27:Eu shows prominent TL peak near ∼187 °C and its intensity is higher as compared to CaSO4:Dy TLD phosphor. The glow curves for these hexa-aluminate samples are nearly identical. In short, the TL-intensity is found to be comparable and higher with that of CaSO4:Dy. Therefore, the reported aluminate samples having good intensity would be further investigated in respect of dose dependence, and then it may be used as TLD phosphors of ionization radiations.

By employing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we present a detailed study of the core level spectra of LaTe3 in its charge density wave phase at room temperature. The analysis of the Te 3d spectrum by curve fitting using least square error minimization reveals that the Te atoms exist in two different charge states: the two Te atoms in the Te-Te layer has a valency of −0.5, whereas the Te atom in La-Te layer has a valency of −2. The La 3d spectrum shows three peaks for each spin orbit component, where the main peak and the satellite peaks appear due to different final states related to charge transfer from different ligand Te states.

Austenite stainless steel (ASS) 316L is for the most part regularly utilized in chemical, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical equipment, medicinal gadgets. These are typically comprised of an austenite stainless steel 316L tempered steel. The purposes behind the some frequently disappointments of segments of hardware are because of wear and fatigue. The cutting-edge forms are utilized to deliver these as high, strong parts incorporate cryogenic treatment. This paper manages the impact of below zero treatment on the tensile behavior of austenite stainless steel 316L. The force for examining the tensile properties of the steels which are utilized in the synthetic, marine and atomic reactors is to guarantee that steels utilized in gear’s have adequate solidarity to anticipate disappointment when segments of a hardware’s are exposed to tensile loads, and to give essential plan data on the quality of austenite stainless steel 316L treated steel. An investigation on the impacts of cryogenic treatment is made by methods for elastic testing. This test was directed according to ASTM benchmarks assignment E8M. The present results avow that the tensile behavior shows the weak crack after cryogenic treatment for ASS 316L. Scanning electron (SEM) examination of the fracture surface demonstrates the nearness of dimples, voids decreased to get cleavage formation, so that the fracture can shows the ductile to brittle fracture sub-zero treatment of austenite stainless steel 316L material.

Light trapping is critical, particularly in thin film solar cells, in order to increase light absorption and hence overall cell efficiency. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are of great interest for light trapping in thin film solar cells. Metal nanoparticles support surface Plasmon modes, which are used to couple light into the optical modes of semiconductor. The surface plasmons can enhance the spectral response of thin film cells over the entire solar spectrum. Silver nanoparticles can be used as light scattering elements on top and as a plasmonic back reflector structure at rear side of cell for enhancing solar cell energy conversion efficiency. The objective of our work is to gain more insight into the optical and structural properties of silver nanoparticles films and their effect on the performance of solar cells. Self-assembled silver nanoparticles(NPs) were formed by solid state dewetting (SSD) of thin silver film of variable thickness (12-34 nm), deposited using RF magnetron sputtering on various substrates glass and polished crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates. The silver thin films were subsequently annealed at 400°C for 1 hour to form Ag NPs. Silver thin films with thickness of 12 nm have nanoparticles with average diameter of 50 nm with a roughly circular shape. We found that with increasing thickness of silver thin films the size of nanoparticles increases and the shape becomes more irregular.

In the present work, a fixed amount of graphene oxide (GO) 0.04 wt.%, have been dispersed in the nematic liquid crystal (5CB) and its effect on the thermal, electro-optical and dielectric performance of 5CB is investigated. The textural and phase transition studies were performed using polarizing optical microscope. Temperature dependent dielectric behavior in nematic range is explored. A comparative analysis of pure 5CB and GO doped 5CB has been presented.

A fiber optic refractive index sensor is fabricated here by inserting a section of no-core fiber between two multimode fibers. Thin film of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was coated over no-core fiber to enhance the sensitivity. The sensing principle is based on modulation of evanescent wave and then intensity of transmitted light. Sensitivity of the sensor is found to increases after the coating of TiO2 layer. A high sensitivity of 67.3dBm/RIU and fast response time of 8sec is obtained by the proposed sensor. Apart from it, the fabricated sensor gives good accuracy and stable result.

Optical fiber has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering and industrial research. Fiber optic biosensor is optical fiber derived devices that uses optical signal to detect biological species such as proteins, cell and DNA. Because of high accuracy, smaller size and low cost these biosensors are growing demand in many fields which includes mainly: checking of ecological pollution control, in agricultural fields and food industries etc. In the present paper the classification of most advanced fiber optic biosensor has been sketched. Future scopes of work for the researcher working in this field have also been indicated.

Graphene based materials are being explored for various applications such as electrochemical, electronic device structures. However, when it comes to bulk synthesis and cost reduction, reduced graphene oxide plays vital role due to its analogy with graphene. Graphene Oxide (GO) can be reduced by different ways such as annealing at high temperature, by using different reducing agents such as hydrazine hydrate, thiourea, ammonium thiosulfate etc. In this study, we have synthesized Graphene Oxide by Modified Hummers method and reduced it to form Reduced Graphene Oxide (r-GO), chemically using hydrazine hydrate and thermally by heating it to high temperature. The benefit of chemical reduction over thermal reduction is that for thermal reduction, we need at least 500°C for one hour but the whole process takes around 12hrs. However, we need only 80°C for 12hrs for chemical reduction. XRD analysis shows that the crystallite size is 0.035nm for C-rGO and 0.042nm for T-rGO. Also, the d-spacing is 0.363nm and 0.380nm for C-rGO and T-rGO respectively. The samples have also been analyzed by EDX which shows that the ratio of carbon to oxygen is approx. 90/10 in case of C-rGO and 95/5 in case of T-rGO. Further, we have compared the influence of reduction process by examining the specific surface area. The specific surface area is determined by the Brunauer Emnet and Teller (BET) equation for the nitrogen adsorption isotherm. In C-rGO, the specific surface area is 17.35m2/g, pore diameter is 1.716nm and total pore volume is 0.074cm3/g. In T-rGO, the specific surface area is 74.78m2/g, pore diameter is 1.806nm and total pore volume is 0.338cm3/g. Electrical properties of both the samples shows that the electrical conductivity of C-rGO is 0.049S/cm and T-rGO is 2.28S/cm. The complete analysis shows that although reduction takes place in both the process, the quality is better in case of thermal reduction. However the drawback of thermal reduction is the requirement of high temperature.

This paper compares the thermo-mechanical properties of Se-Te-M (M= Ge, Sb) glassy alloys which were synthesized via melt quench technique. Thermo-mechanical properties including hardness, energy of micro-voids and module of elasticity was examined through Vicker hardness tester. It was found that Vicker hardness number has high value in the case of Sb as compared to Ge due to its large Mohs hardness value which is very significant for applications point of view.

Driven by the exacerbating urbanization and population, there has been a shoot up in the global energy demand over the past few years. The technological exploration efforts in the field of biofuels have proven to be a promising alternative to the slumping fossil reserves. The main aim of this work is to inspect the potential of palm oil as a biofuel with aluminum oxide nanoparticles as an additive in it. The experimental work was carried out on a single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine running at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at varying loads using palm oil biodiesel blends and the emissions and performance parameters were compared with that of neat diesel. The results concluded a significant increase in BTE with increase in alumina concentration in the blend owing to catalytic behavior of alumina which accelerates the combustion process. Furthermore, reductions in HC and CO emissions were also recorded.

In present scenario Graphene Oxide (GO) is the most trending material in the area of energy conversion and storage for device fabrication purpose, due to oxygen containing functional groups. In this work Graphene oxide was synthesized through graphite powder by two different approaches in first approach oxidisation of graphite is done at room temperature and in second approach oxidisation is done at 90 to 95°C for few hours. Then the prepared GO powder was characterized by Raman spectra and FT-IR spectra. Electrodes of these two materials were prepared for capacitance performance which shows normally treated Graphene oxide (NGO) has better capaceatvie performance as compared to heat treated Graphene Oxide (HGO) and Impedance study shows NGO have low Impedance as compared to HGO.

The present study is focused on losses analysis of CdTe and micromorph PV modules installed in composite climate of India. A comprehensive module characterization with the related uncertainty analysis has been carried out by using the real electrical parameters measured at the operating field conditions. The impact of cracks in the PV module on the I-V curve has also been evaluated. A power drop of 49% has been recorded in micromorph PV modules as a result of 24% reduction in the panel area due to crack defects. The performance assessment of both the technology PV modules (CdTe and micromorph) has been initially carried out over a period of one year field exposure. Irradiance, temperature and spectral effects have been identified to quantify the corresponding losses/gain in power generation. The performance ratios of CdTe and micromorph PV modules have been found to be 80% and 65%, respectively. Spectral and temperature losses up to −29.2% and −10.1%, respectively have been recorded in the micromorph PV module. However, both PV module technologies’ results are found insensitive to the irradiance effects with negligible losses of approximately -1%. Overall, the CdTe module technology is found to be more efficient than the micromorph PV modules in composite climate of India.

Burn afflicted patients suffer severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Bimetallic Nanoparticles offer great opportunity in healing infections through their antimicrobial properties. In the present work, we have tried to explore the benefits of biologically fabricated Bimetallic (Gold-Silver) Nanoparticles. Trichoderma reesei (NCIM 992) was used for bioreduction of metal salts to Bimetallic Nanoparticles. The bioreduction of metal salts was rapid and the synthesized Nanoparticles were in nano range and incorporated benefits of both the metals. The Bimetallic Nanoparticles were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction. The calculated average particle sizes of the Bimetallic (Gold-Silver) Nanoparticles were found to be 25-40 nm. Rapid bioreduction could be conducted through microbial biomass to develop Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

The paper presents free vibration of shape memory alloy hybrid composite beams by experimentally. The hybrid composite beams are fabricated using glass fiber with epoxy resin matrix implanted with the Ni-Ti SMA wires with diameter 0.47mm. The rectangular cross-section of beams with sizes, thickness, 3mm, width, 20mm and length 250mm are considered in the investigation. Free vibration test has been performed for the cantilever beams to investigate the effect on the fundamental natural frequency shift by changing the current as well as increasing the number of SMA wires. The fundamental natural frequency of the beam has shifted on higher side, 12.82% for single wire and 35.48% for two wires implant under the influence of current in comparison with no current state. Further, as supplied current increases in the SMA wire the natural frequency of beam increases helps in improving the stiffness and encourages to avoid resonance state.The paper presents free vibration of shape memory alloy hybrid composite beams by experimentally. The hybrid composite beams are fabricated using glass fiber with epoxy resin matrix implanted with the Ni-Ti SMA wires with diameter 0.47mm. The rectangular cross-section of beams with sizes, thickness, 3mm, width, 20mm and length 250mm are considered in the investigation. Free vibration test has been performed for the cantilever beams to investigate the effect on the fundamental natural frequency shift by changing the current as well as increasing the number of SMA wires. The fundamental natural frequency of the beam has shifted on higher side, 12.82% for single wire and 35.48% for two wires implant under the influence of current in comparison with no current state. Further, as supplied current increases in the SMA wire the natural frequency of beam increases helps in improving the stiffness and encourages to avoid resonance state.

Graphene oxide based devices have attracted much attention recently because of their possible application in next generation electronic devices. In this study, bipolar resistive switching characteristics of graphene oxide based metal insulator metal structure were investigated for nonvolatile memories. The graphene oxide was prepared by the conventional Hummer’s method and deposited on ITO coated glass by spin-coating technique. The dominant mechanism of resistive switching is the formation and rupture of the conductive filament inside the graphene oxide. The conduction mechanism for low and high resistance states are dominated by two mechanism the ohmic conduction and space charge limited current (SCLC) mechanism, respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Cyclic-Voltammetry were conducted to observe the morphology, structure and behavior of the material. The fabricated device with Al/GO/ITO structure exhibited reliable bipolar resistive switching with set & reset voltage of -2.3 V and 3V respectively.

Recently, organic-inorganic perovskite materials have attracted much attention due to their enormous potential for use in future of new sustainable energy sources. However, fabrication of environmental friendly perovskite and achieving better stability is a major concern towards the commercialization. Here we study the role of cations in the perovskite powder and their influence upon thermodynamic stability. In this study we find, inorganic (cesium, Cs+) cation is shown to be more efficient in the thermal stabilization of the perovskite material than organic (methylamine, CH3NH2+) cation. This study reviles that stability of perovskite can be improved by incorporation of inorganic cation.

Mixed Bromine and iodine lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx have been synthesized by solution phase method using CH3NH3I and PbBr2 precursors in ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of cubic perovskite at room temperature with space group of Pm3m. The mixed perovskite improved crystallanity and grain contour which may significant improve photovoltaic performance of perovskite devices. Thermodynamic behavior of such type of material also indicates energy absorption nature of materials.

Cumulative dose gamma radiation effects on current-voltage characteristics of GaN Schottky diodes have been investigated. The different area diodes have been fabricated on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) epi-layer structure grown over SiC substrate and irradiated with a dose up to the order of 104 Gray (Gy). Post irradiation characterization shows a shift in the turn-on voltage and improvement in reverse leakage current. Other calculated parameters include Schottky barrier height, ideality factor and reverse saturation current. Schottky barrier height has been decreased whereas reverse saturation current shows an increase in the value post irradiation with improvement in the ideality factor. Transfer length measurement (TLM) characterization shows an improvement in the contact resistance. Finally, diodes with larger area have more variation in the calculated parameters due to the induced local heating effect.

The nanocrystalline Sr-doped LaMnO3 (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 = LSMO) perovskite manganites having different crystallite size were synthesized using the nitrate-glycine auto-combustion method. The phase purity of the manganites was checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. The XRD patterns of the sample reveal that La0.7S0.3MnO3 crystallizes into rhombohedral crystal structure with space group R-3c. The size-dependence of structural lattice parameters have been investigated with the help of Rietveld refinement. The structural parameters increase as a function of crystallite size. The crystallite-size and internal strain as a function of crystallite-size have been calculated using Williamson-Hall plot.

In this paper a new approach based on silicon shadow mask has been reported to realize metal-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contacts in end-contact configuration, which provides low-ohmic and stable contacts than that of side-contacted configuration. The source and drain contacts were fabricated by placing the fabricated silicon shadow mask over the single walled CNTs (SWNTs) coated wafer followed by deposition of Cr/Au∼100nm/500 nm using e-beam evaporation. The SEM image clearly shows the end-contacts of individual SWNTs with the gold electrodes. Further, Keithley SCS 4200 parameter analyzer was used to perform electrical characterization of the fabricated devices. The calculated ION/IOFF ratio and threshold voltage of the typically shown device are ∼120 and∼290 mV respectively.

We have investigated the effect of sintering temperature on the densification behaviour, grain size, structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics, prepared by high energy ball milling method. The Powder x-ray diffraction reveals the tetragonal structure with space group P4mm for all the samples. The samples were sintered at four different temperatures, (T = 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C). Density increased with increasing sintering temperature, reaching up to 97% at 1300°C. A grain growth was observed with increasing sintering temperature. Impedance analyses of the sintered samples at various temperatures were performed. Increase in dielectric constant and Curie temperature is observed with increasing sintering temperature.

Commercial Barium Titanate BaTiO3 (BT) is milled by planetary ball mill in acetone medium using stainless steel bowl & ball for different hours. BT is an important perovskite oxide with structure ABO3. BT has applications in electro-optic devices, energy storing devices such as photovoltaic cells, thermistors, multiceramic capacitors & DRAMs etc. BT is non-toxic & environment friendly ceramic with high dielectric and piezoelectric property so it can be used as the substitute of PZT & PbTiO3. Here, we have investigated the effect of milling time and temperature on particle size and phase transition of BT powder. We used use Raman spectroscopy for studying the spectra of BT; XRD is used for structural study. Intensity (height) of Raman spectra and XRD spectra continuously decrease with increasing the milling hours and width if these spectra increases which indicates, decrease in BT size.

High energy demand has necessitated search for all possible sources of energy. Conventional energy source is having negative impact on our environment, therefore our attention is focused on renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, which are considered to be clean and sustainable energy sources. India has set an ambitious target of producing 175 GW of energy using solar energy. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the solar potential to observe the feasibility of such project. North-east India is an underdeveloped region of India and due to its geographical location and difficult terrain, many regions are still not electrified. Such regions can be electrified by installing renewable energy based power plants, which can also generate number of jobs hence improving the quality of life and economic condition of the region. The objective of this paper is to estimate the solar power potential of Silchar (Assam, India) and perform a feasibility study for installation of solar-based power plant in the region. In this paper, solar radiation on tilted surface is estimated by using an anisotropic sky model. This radiation data has been used to estimate the PV power output. Finally, feasibility of the PV plant has been verified by mapping with a practical load demand.

Path planning for autonomous mobile robots are the root for all autonomous mobile systems. Various methods are used for optimization of path to be followed by the autonomous mobile robots. Artificial potential field based path planning method is one of the most used methods for the researchers. Various algorithms have been proposed using the potential field approach. But in most of the common problems are encounters while heading towards the goal or target. i.e. local minima problem, zero potential regions problem, complex shaped obstacles problem, target near obstacle problem. In this paper we provide a new algorithm in which two types of potential functions are used one after another. The former one is to use to get the probable points and later one for getting the optimum path. In this algorithm we consider only the static obstacle and goal.

The inevitable growth of energy consumption leads to increase in the use of fossil fuel for energy production which ultimately threatens the climate and the health of human being. In contrast, renewable energy does not pollute the environment or produce greenhouse gases. Hybrid Renewable Energy System is one of the eco-friendly power generating system, which normalizes the supply demand mismatch that occurs in a single renewable energy producing unit. The presence of various components in the Hybrid Renewable Energy System makes the designing a bit complex. The objective of this paper is to discuss the various designing parameters and methodologies used for modelling Hybrid Renewable Energy system.

This work reports fabrication and characterization of p-Si/ MgxZn1-xO thin film heterojunction diodes grown by RF magnetron sputtering technique. In this work, ZnO powder was mixed with MgO powder at per their weight percentage from 0 to 10% to prepare MgxZn1-xO target. The microstructural, surface morphological and optical properties of as-deposited p-Si/MgxZn1-xO heterostructure thin films have been studied using X-ray Diffraction, atomic force microscopy and variable angle ellipsometer. XRD spectra exhibit that undoped ZnO thin films has preferred crystal orientation in (002) plane. However, with increase in Mg-doping, ZnO (101) crystal plane is enhanced progressively due to phase segregation, even though preferred growth orientation of ZnO crystals is still towards (002) plane. The electrical characteristics of Si/ MgxZn1-xO heterojunction diodes with large area Al/Ti ohmic contacts are evaluated using semiconductor parameter analyzer. With rectification ratio of 27894, reverse saturation current of 2...

We have studied the evolution of resistance relaxation with temperature in graphene field effect transistor on SiO2. At room temperature, piranha-cleaned-SiO2 devices show slow resistance relaxation while IPA-cleaned-SiO2 devices do not. With cooling the former devices show a decrease in magnitude and time constant of the slow relaxation and it becomes negligible at 250K. Relaxation study at elevated temperature of the IPA-cleaned devices show a gate voltage polarity dependent time constant with respect to the charge neutrality point but it remains almost independent of temperature. The magnitude of relaxation increases with temperature. Further, after annealing at elevated temperature, we found that the relaxation times become independent of gate voltage polarity and its magnitude becomes very small. These observations are discussed using increase in diffusion of interface-species with temperature.

Low power and high performance SOI SRAM are the main key issues and has become vital component in modern VLSI systems. For portal gadgets and related applications, low power SOI SRAM array design is essentially important to sustain the extended battery life. Normally, large power is being consumed during charging/discharging by bit lines. To reduce the power consumption and access time for write/read operations, the new technique is introduced in the Reliable Fast (RF) SOI SRAM design. The proposed new techniques employed in the SOI SRAM cell have proved to minimize the write power consumption about 80% and read power consumption about 49% compared to the conventional cell. The read delay and stability of the proposed cell are also improved in the new design SRAM cell.

Carbon aerogels having high surface area and open pore structure are being studied for many electrochemical applications such as fuel cells and super capacitors. Moderate electrical conductivity of resorcinol – formaldehyde (R-F) derived carbon aerogel limits its utility in these applications. The current manuscript briefs about the synthesis of composite carbon aerogel using carbon aerogel itself as additive during gelation of water based carbon aerogel and study the effect on its conductivity and surface properties. The additive carbon aerogel was synthesized and pre-treated at higher temperature to achieve enhancement in conductivity. The composite carbon aerogel (CCA) samples were characterized for surface area properties, morphology, electrical conductivity and specific capacitance. The surface area properties of CCA showed improvement and specific surface area of ∼1798 m2/g with total pore volume of 1.7 cm3/g. was obtained. The electrical conductivity of the composite carbon aerogel with 5 wt % additive showed improvement over the plain carbon aerogel with respective values of 144 S/m and 128 S/m. The specific capacitance evaluated for CA and CCA are 102 and 118 F/g at scan rate of 10mV/s with improvement of ∼16%.

For solid oxide fuel cell electrode material, calcium doped lanthanum manganite La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 (LCMO) and cerium-incorporated on Ca-site with composition La0.40Ca0.55Ce0.05MnO3 (LCCMO) were synthesized using most feasible and efficient glycine-nitrate method. The formation of crystalline single phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The Rietveld analysis reveals that both systems crystallize into orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group. Additionally, 8 mole % Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) solid electrolyte was also synthesized using high energy ball mill to check the reaction with electrode materials. It was found that the substitution of Ce+4 cations in LCMO perovskite suppressed formation of undesired insulating CaZrO3 phase.For solid oxide fuel cell electrode material, calcium doped lanthanum manganite La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 (LCMO) and cerium-incorporated on Ca-site with composition La0.40Ca0.55Ce0.05MnO3 (LCCMO) were synthesized using most feasible and efficient glycine-nitrate method. The formation of crystalline single phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The Rietveld analysis reveals that both systems crystallize into orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group. Additionally, 8 mole % Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) solid electrolyte was also synthesized using high energy ball mill to check the reaction with electrode materials. It was found that the substitution of Ce+4 cations in LCMO perovskite suppressed formation of undesired insulating CaZrO3 phase.