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In order to evaluate the effectiveness of turbidity removal from wastewater, the objective of this study is to take Artocarpus heterophyllus and Hibiscus rosa and compare the findings that were achieved from their respective applications. The Components and Procedures: For the purpose of this investigation, dye wastewater is treated with the coagulation process. A total of thirty samples were displayed, with fifteen samples belonging to each of the groups. In order to do the computation for the paired t-test, 80 percent G-power is utilised. As part of the coagulation process, the jar apparatus test is utilised in this investigation. The elimination of turbidity from wastewater is accomplished by the utilisation of two coagulants: Hibiscus rosa, which serves as a control, and Artocarpus heterophyllus, which serves as an experimental group. According to the findings, when two coagulants were compared, Artocarpus heterophyllus demonstrated the highest removal rate of sixty percent, while Hibiscus rosa had a removal rate of sixty-nine percent. With a p-value of less than 0.001 (p-value of less than 0.05), the paired sample t-test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. By comparing two different coagulants, the experiment demonstrated that Artocarpus heterophyllus was superior to Hibiscus rosa in terms of its ability to remove turbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to find out how Phaselous vulgaris L. and Hibiscus rosa can clean up dye effluent. Research Tools and Procedures: In this experiment, the coagulation process is used to remediate coloured wastewater. Two groups of 30 samples were employed for the wastewater assessment, with 80 percent of the samples analysed using a G-power valve. The purpose of this research was to determine if Hibiscus rosa and Phaselous vulgaris L might be used as coagulants to cleanse dye wastewater of organic compounds and turbidity. When comparing the efficacy of Hibiscus rosa (59 percent) and Phaselous vulgaris L (65 percent) coagulants in treating dye wastewater, the results show that the former is superior. There was a meaningful difference between the two groups, as indicated by the paired sample t-test (p<0.001(p<0.05)). Results showed that Phaselous vulgaris L was more effective than Hibiscus rosa in removing turbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study is to remove turbidity from wastewater by using novel Carica papaya and Hibiscus rosa coagulants. Materials and Methods: Carica papaya and Hibiscus rosa coagulants were used to treat dye wastewater using a coagulation process. The two groups, control (Hibiscus rosa) and experimental (Carica papaya) have 15 samples for each group respectively, and a total of 30 samples. The paired t-test is performed by utilizing G-power of 80%. Turbidity removal is used as a quality index in this study. Results: Carica papaya showed the maximum removal of 67% compared to Hibiscus rosa (59%) coagulant in wastewater treatment. The paired sample t-test on two groups showed that there was a statistically significant difference with p value as 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: From this study, the maximum turbidity removal was achieved by using Carica papaya compared with Hibiscus rosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed system aims to increase the accuracy of coronary artery disease prediction through the Novel K- Nearest Neighbor Classifier and compare it with the Support Vector Machine algorithm. This project consists of two groups as SVM Classifier and KNN algorithm. Each group is having a sample size of 20 and G-power pretest of 80% with a Confidence Interval of 95% was used to determine the sample size. The novel K-Nearest Neighbors with Support Vector Machine predicted heart disease with accuracy of 90.8830% and 87.6640%, respectively. The statistical significance value between KNN and SVM based on an independent sample t-test is p=0.001 (p<0.05), which indicates that there is a significance from the two groups. In light of the acquired outcomes the K-Nearest Neighbour Classifier gives better accuracy of 90.8830% when compared with Support Vector Machine 87.6640%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heavy materials which are used in automobile industry, which are reducing the thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and fuel consumption. To overcome this all the factors by finding or introducing new materials such as composites in terms of requirement. The new materials which are used in manufacturing and automobile industry. High specific stiffness and near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion are being experienced in this work. As compared with the parent materials, the addition of new material exhibits better performance in terms of commercial value and the properties of materials. Aluminum has got excellent chemical and physical properties and also it has functioned well in thermal and chemical environments. The may drawback for aluminum is poor thermal resistance and very low toughness. It has been seen that many structural ceramics had poor conductivity when it was mixed with parent alloys. In this work, 10%,20%, and 30% of Al2O3 particles are mixed with Aluminum-Copper alloy to improve the electrical and mechanical properties. The prepared alloy mixtures are fabricated through a stir casting route followed by the sand casting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supermarkets have revolutionized in the way people purchase items for their welfare. With the advent of online marketing, almost all items are available online. Still, most people stick to the supermarkets for their daily ration owing to their trust and the fast accessibility of such shops. Moreover, some items are best bought by personally selecting them from a collection for example the daily ration, food items, utensils, etc. However, some people feel left out in the everyday marketing scenario. The differently-abled people find it extremely difficult to navigate their way through the supermarkets and are often stared upon due to their disability. Some shop workers find it a waste of time to help such people. Such activities have turned the shopping experience of several differently-abled people difficult. It is usually the case that someone has to always accompany them to make their experience less bitter and a bit better. It is a plan to transform the bitter, better experience into the best experience. The Smart shopping cart is a smart solution to tackle the problems faced by differently-abled people. With our new idea of the Smart Shopping Cart differently-abled people would require no external help to find their way around the shop floor nor would they require anyone to push around their cart for them. The cart automatically moves to the required destination on the input of the user. The method is highly beneficial to disabled people as it solves their problem of mobility and getting lost in the supermarket and it helps them shop alone on their terms. The proposed project will be a boon to differently-abled people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cylindrical Liner provides the cylindrical space for smooth reciprocation. The Justification of the production of the Liner for the cylindrical block (jacket) is mentioned below. Superior material is used to produce the cylinder liner than the material used to manufacture the cylinder block. Grey cast iron is used to manufacture the cylinder block, while cylinder liner owes its origin to the cast iron alloy with chromium, vanadium, molybdenum. The combustion of the fuel must be increased, or the engine's productivity must be escalated to increase the power of the machine. The capacity of the deflagration must be increased at the same time the inlet air for combustion must also be raised for the increased rate of burning fuel. A cylinder liner also called the sleeve, is used to form a cylinder in the engine block. It is one of the inevitable fundamental parts to add up to the engine's interior, and protection from wear is also ensured for the piston and piston rings. The Liner is predicted to face increased temperature during the engine's operation due to the conduction of the heat by burning the fuel to the walls of the cylinder. At operational temperature, the temperature of the Liner is comparatively higher than that of the block. The Diametrical and lengthwise expansion is likely to occur in the Liner relatively smooth. The fracture and collapse of the material are likely to happen if they were cast together as a single piece due to the unacceptable thermal stress. The Engine block must contain a cylindrical space for the piston to reciprocate smoothly. This is made sure with the help of a cylindrical liner in the engine block. The prime objective of this toil is to customize and study deeply the cylindrical Liner coated with Al2O3 Niño- material. In this work, ANSYS software has been used. The quantity of the generation of heat, the pace of heat transfer of the component, calefaction within the cylinder are identified in the pre-processing of the model. Further, the heat flux dissipation is analyzed, from which it is concluded that Niño based Al2O3 coated cylinder liner has performed adequately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rocker bogie mechanism is a mechanism mainly employed within the mars rovers to conquer the basic terrains while keeping balance. It's NASA's preferred mechanism for room automobiles and rovers. It contains 2 arms with steering wheel mounted to each and every. Each arm is attached by way of a movable joint. This allows to employ a suspension-based mechanism which distributes the automobile ton as consistently as you possibly can actually on protrusions as well as unusual surfaces. The look involves a springtime totally free suspension dependent differential drive process which enables the bogie to go more than rubble, pebbles easily. The cameras and sensors installed on a rover should be healthy to function also and properly to increase the life spam of theirs. Additional vibrations as well as jerks result in quicker damage within receptors, circuit boards as well as digital cameras. The rocker bogie mechanism was created trying to keep this particular of brain by offering optimum stableness in all of the terrains. As a result, we examine the layout and also fabrication on the rocker bogie mechanism by fabrication of this particular basic surfaces automobile making use of ideas of the bogie mechanism. All-terrain movable robots are totally different from some other standard movable robots, since they think about the impact of unstructured surface and the environment of its. Thus, the robots are created to work efficiently on all-natural terrains which could be sloped, difficult, as well as deformable and therefore are utilized within these kinds of areas as serious room exploration brilliance as well as recovery as well as army. The rocker bogie suspension product is a passive spring less as well as symmetric mechanism. Each and every edge on the rocker bogie carries a bogie and a rocker: the rocker is attached to the back-steering wheel, and also the center steering wheel as well as the forward steering wheel are linked with the bogie. The 2 sides of the paper of rocker bogie are linked through the differential bar linked to the primary body, and this guarantees the 6 wheels will be in exposure to the soil constantly giving a steady wedge just for the systematic tools & receptors. The rocker arm as well as bogie are built by using various PVC and PVC pipes perspective pipe as well as for interconnecting all of the arms, we're consuming SHM strip with appropriate fastened. For linking the steering wheel, we're planning to utilize cross match jigs to repair rigidly as well as within of the steering wheel DC motor' are repaired as well as since it is equipped within the steering wheel it is able to bring down the winter perturbation also additionally, it bring down the vibration within the body. Digital camera, ultra-sonic sensor, Barometric sensor, Temperature sensor are managed by Arduino UNO (uno board and microcontroller) is in touch with 12v battery power. Plus, most 6 engines are linked through the exact same 12v electric battery, along with overall rover are managed through telephone or maybe pleasure stick that is attached through WIFI component. The rocker bogie style comprising of absolutely no springs as well as stub axles within every steering wheel that enables the chassis to get more than virtually any hurdles, like rubble, ditches, sand, and so on. Which are further up to increase the wheel's diameter of dimension while trying to keep many wheels along the floor optimum period. As when compared with any kind of suspension process, the tilt balance is restricted through the level on the middle of gravity and also the recommended structure has the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional aircraft and its various sub-assemblies are manufactured using different materials having variable physical and chemical properties which are selected for the specific purpose or function that the component is meant to serve. The paper serves as a guide on these materials and their properties corresponding to the requisite function it has to serve. Joining issues of aluminium alloys in aircraft industries are also handled effectively in the present paper. The library of materials are tabulated systematically and their failures due to corrosion and corresponding applications in aircraft manufacture are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decade, dissimilar metal joints are much sought in many critical industrial application. But joining of dissimilar metals pose many challenges because of the difference in chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of metals.Joining of dissimilar metals using interlayers by friction stud welding is an ideal solution. The strength and toughness of the weld can be further improved by introducing a layer of material in between the dissimilar metals. Interlayers are small thin sheet of material of metal used in friction welding of metals. This interlayer has typical effect on the welds and the found to produce desirable effects on the welded joints. This paper focuses on the various effects of interlayers on welding of dissimilar metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten bronze type cerium doped strontium barium niobate (Ce:SBN - Sr0.6B0.4Nb2O6) ceramics were synthesized by solid state process. Cerium was used as dopant to improve its electrical properties. Influence of Ce+ ions on the photoluminescence properties was investigated in detail. The grain size topographical behavior of SBN powders and their associated abnormal grain growth (AGG) were completely analyzed through SEM studies. Finally dielectric, measurement discusses about the broad phase transition observed due to cerium dopant The results were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made to prepare a hybrid Nano composite polymer electrolytes (NCPES) based on Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) as additives, Lithium per chlorate (LiClO4) as ionic salt and Propylene Carbonate as plasticizer (PC) by using solvent casting technique. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirms the miscibility and amorphous nature of the prepared electrolytes. It has been found from the a.c impedance analysis that the inorganic filler reduces the bulk resistance of the electrolytes and thus ionic conductivity enhanced. A high dielectric loss value is observed for the case of doped MWCNT-PEMA in comparison with pure PEMA and doped TiO2-PEMA membranes. Based on the study of relaxation spectra, it is found that the relaxation time decreases with increase in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of ultrasound-tissue interaction is important for realization of clinically useful therapeutic ultrasound methods and devices. Linear acoustic propagation in homogeneous media, including diffraction and absorption effects, provides a useful first approximation but fails to accurately model many problems of interest. Depending on the therapy regime, other important effects can include finite-amplitude propagation, cavitation and other gas activity, inhomogeneous tissue structure, temperature-dependent tissue properties, and irreversible tissue modification. For bulk ablation of soft tissue using ultrasound, prediction of therapeutic effects requires accurate knowledge of space- and time-dependent heat deposition from acoustic absorption. A primary factor affecting heat deposition is local heat loss due to blood flow, both from bulk perfusion and large vessels. Gas activity due to boiling and tissue property changes due to local ablation, both of which markedly affect treatment, can be approximated by appropriate modification of the initial heat deposition pattern. Acoustically inhomogeneous tissue structure, even in nominally homogeneous organs such as the liver, can modify heating patterns enough to change treatment outcomes. These issues are illustrated by simulations of ultrasound therapy and comparison with in vivo and in vitro ultrasound ablation experiments. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate understanding of ultrasound-tissue interaction is important for realization of clinically useful therapeutic ultrasound methods and devices. Linear acoustic propagation in homogeneous media, including diffraction and absorption effects, provides a useful first approximation but fails to accurately model many problems of interest. Depending on the therapy regime, other important effects can include cavitation and other gas activity, inhomogeneous tissue structure, finite-amplitude propagation, temperature-dependent tissue properties, and irreversible tissue modification. For ablation of soft tissue using ultrasound, prediction of therapeutic effects requires accurate knowledge of space- and time-dependent heat deposition from acoustic absorption. In addition to perfusion losses, acoustically inhomogeneous tissue structure, even in nominally homogeneous organs such as the liver, can modify heating patterns enough to change treatment outcomes. Gas activity due to boiling and tissue property changes due to local ablation, both of which markedly affect treatment, can be approximated by appropriate modification of the initial heat deposition pattern. These issues are illustrated by simulations of ultrasound therapy and comparison with in vivo and in vitro ultrasound ablation experiments. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inexpensive preparation method is being reported for obtaining erbium doped gadolinium oxide (Er5%:Gd2O3) nanoscale rods. The elongated nanoscale systems, as-formed through a co-precipitation process, are characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping, Ultra Violet-visible (UV-vis.) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In addition, the Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot is also performed to distinguish the effect of crystalline size-induced broadening and strain-induced broadening at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the XRD profile. The XRD patterns of as-formed and calcined products show that the phase confirmation. As revealed from the SEM micrographs, the morphology of the products show that the rod-like nanoparticles. The EDX micrographs show that the presence of elements in our samples. The band gap values in calcined samples are found to be in the range of 3.569 eV. Upon 230 nm excitation on calcined samples, three broad emission peaks are observed from PL studies. The possible mechanism for the formation of Er5%:Gd2O3 nanorods is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One dimensional uniform Sm3+ doped gadolinium hydroxide nanorods have been prepared via simple co- precipitation technique at 60 → temperature for 1 hour. The samples were calcinated at 750 → to obtain Sm3+ doped gadolinium oxide nanorods. The 1D nanorods were then subjected to different characterization techniques to ascertain its structural stability and its morphology were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry was investigated and the obtained results were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neodymium doped gadolinium hydroxide [Nd:Gd(OH)3] nanorods were successfully synthesized at 60 °C through co-precipitation method. The dopant percentage was maintained at 5% and calcination was done at 750 °C temperature for 1 hour to form the respective neodymium doped gadolinium oxide [Nd:Gd2O3] nanorods. The as-formed and annealed products were investigated in detail by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline form of pure and Nd doped gadolinium hydroxide [Nd:Gd(OH(3] nanorods were successfully synthesized at 60 °C through simple co-precipitation method of Gd(NO3)3.6H2O and Nd(NO3)3.6H2O solutions with a specified pH, adjusted using NH3 as buffer solution. The dopant percentage was maintained at 5%. The as-synthesized Gd(OH)3 and Nd:Gd(OH(3 nanorods were annealed at 500 °C for 1 h to form the respective Gd2O3 and Nd:Gd2O3 nanorods. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses were used to characterize these as-synthesized [Gd(OH)3 and Nd:Gd(OH(3] and annealed [Gd2O3 and Nd:Gd2O3] nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear optical crystals of potassium acid phthalate (COOK C6H4 COOH)-KAP were grown from aqueous solution. Transparent crystals of size (21×17×4) mm3 with well defined morphology were grown from slow cooling techniques. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of Potassium Acid Phthalate C8H5K+O4 was orthorhombic with the following unit-cell dimensions at 298(2) K; a = 9.5970(3) Å; b = 13.2869(5) Å; c = 6.4643(3) Å; α = 90°; β = 90°; γ = 90°; with a space group PCa21. Spectral analysis were carried out to investigate confirm its presence of various functional groups and to study the optical absorption properties. Third order nonliner studies have also been studied by Z-scan techniques. Nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index were found out and the third order bulk susceptibility of compound was also estimated. The results have been discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]