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This paper will explain (1) student activities during Flipped Classroom-based integral calculus learning, (2) a description of students' mathematical understanding abilities in integral calculus learning, and (3) a description of student self-regulated learning during integral calculus learning, integral calculus learning. The research subjects were taken using a purposive technique as many as 74 people. The research instrument used was a test of mathematical understanding ability and a self-regulated learning questionnaire. Then the data obtained were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that 1) during the learning of the blended learning model, student activity during learning increased well, (2) The ability to understand students' mathematical concepts in the integral course, especially the transcendent function material and integration techniques, was in the high category,. The results of the study show that student activities during learning using the Flipped Classroom model are (1) the level of student attendance during online meetings reaches 94.4%; Individual assignment participation reached 97.54%, group assignment participation reached 100%; (2) the average ability of students' understanding of mathematical concepts reaches 78.2 in the high category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the construction of the four-point semi-implicit block methods with extra derivatives for solving y′ = f(J, y). the proposed block methods are formulated using Hermite interpolating polynomials, which approximate the solution of the problem at four points simultaneously. t e proposed block methods obtain the numerical solutions directly without reducing the equation into the first-order system of ordinary differential equations. t e zero- stability and convergent properties of the proposed methods are also investigated. n numerical results are presented, and other block methods are compared. t e outcomes are very encouraging for the suggested approach. t e proposed method produces more accurate numerical solutions to the test problems than the existing method, which are in good agreement with analytical and methodological solutions. t e performance shows that the proposed methods are very efficient in solving first-order ordinary differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many academics are looking for inexpensive, simple-to-manufacture corrosion inhibitors from organic chemicals because Iraq is an oil-producing nation. The 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-(3-nitrophenyl) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (ANP) novel pyrimidine derivative is used in the current investigation as a successful and reasonably priced mild steel corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid solution. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy and potential dynamic polarization methods, the study is conducted in 1.0 M HCl. At all tested concentrations, the maximal inhibition efficiency was 99%. The inhibitive action of ANP against mild steel corrosion in corrosive environments is confirmed by SEM examination. To actualize a correlation between the chemical structure of the ANP molecule and its inhibitory effects, quantum chemical calculations (DFT) were used to estimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an automated approach for identifying and classifying various cardiovascular conditions through electrocardiographic analysis. Our focus is on developing a system that can distinguish between normal heart rhythms and two specific cardiac abnormalities: arrhythmias and heart failure. The methodology we employed consists of two key stages. Initially, we process the raw electrocardiogram (ECG) data by segmenting it into discrete units. Following this, we apply a signal processing technique known as Continuous Wavelet Transform to convert these one-dimensional ECG signals into two-dimensional visual representations called scalograms. These images are fed into pre-trained neural network model. This method outperformed the previously published method, achieving 98.71% accuracy, 97.60% sensitivity, 98.72% specificity, 98.22% precision, and 97.54% F1 score. The PhysioNet dataset was used in this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetuin-A is a conjugated protein that is found in the bloodstream and has been suggested to have potential associations with insulin resistance (IR) and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of our investigation was to assess the levels of Fetuin-A and evaluate its potential utility as a biomarker in individuals diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), both with and without infertility. This study aims to investigate the levels of Fetuin-A, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (IR), and insulin (I) in females diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome with infertility, as well as those without infertility, and compare these findings with a control group of women. This study conclude forty women as control, sixty women who have PCOS and fifty women have PCOS also infertility. As a result we found that concentration of fetuin-A is significantly elevated in PCOS more than infertile PCOS and control, also infertile PCOS women have high significant level of fetuin-A when compared to control. In addition insulin, insulin resistance and glucose show high level in infertile PCOS and PCOS only when compared to control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of integrating two heat transfer passive techniques including pin fins and secondary channels in a minichannel heat sink (MCHS). The assessment process of the current design adopted three models namely; the conventional model of MCHS, MCHS with circular pin fins and secondary channels, and MCHS with diamond pin fins and secondary channels denoted by models A, B, and C respectively. For models (B, and C), the improvements in heat transfer, pressure drop, and performance factor are compared with the conventional MCHS model (A)) mini channel heat sink) as the basic model. The study found that using a combination of pin fins and secondary channels can significantly improve the thermal performance of a minichannel heat sink. Besides, the outcomes revealed that pin fin shapes have a considerable influence on the flow behavior and thermal performance of MCHS. The study showed that model C with a diamond fin pin resulted in the highest enhancement in Nusselt number with a percentage of 270%, while model B with a circular pin fin achieved a ratio of 250% in comparison with the conventional minichannel heat sink of model A. Based on the performance factors, model C was identified as the most efficient which yielded a value of 2.33 compared to model B which achieved a value of 2.03. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An offshore barrier is a structure constructed for the purpose of protecting the harbor area from the effects of waves and restraining sea erosion to an extend. offshore barrier provides habitat for marine life, protects ports, beaches and creates recreational opportunities such as snorkeling and diving, unlike other structures hemispherical offshore barrier can withstand large tides without being displaced by waves. To improve the performance of an existing semicircular barrier an deflector has been introduced. In the present study, the design of an perforated SBW(semi-circular breakwater) with deflector and its effects has been carried out, using Ansys fluent. A study on pressure, velocity and turbulence has been conducted. Fifth order stokes equation is used to simulate the short gravity waves with a height of 0.6m. The vertical and horizontal force acting on the offshore barrier for different deflector positions were evaluated. Four different hemispherical offshore barrier were designed using design modeler. A comparison and numerical flow visualization is made between perforated and various positions of deflector. For the force analysis, a comparison of both horizontal and vertical force graph is made and a better result on damped oscillation is obtained and it also provides the damping for the incoming wave energy. Thus the addition of deflector ensured a minimum energy accumulation in the downstream of the offshore barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology can wield considerable influence in reducing environmental pollution by utilizing agro-residues to create nanocomposites. In this endeavor graphene oxide was effectively prepared by Modified Hummer's Method. Chemical methods involving alkali treatment and bleaching were utilized to extract cellulose from banana pseudo stem. The nanocomposite was prepped successfully by ultrasonication. The physiochemical characterizations of samples were done by XRD, FT-IR and Fe-SEM analysis. XRD and FT-IR analysis confirms the formation of cellulose, graphene oxide and nanocomposite. The presence of hydrogen bond in the midst of cellulose and graphene oxide and their successful interaction in the nanocomposite were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The XRD analysis of the composite matches with that of the extracted cellulose and the peaks corresponding to graphene oxide disappears completely, confirming the formation of nanocomposite Fe-SEM analysis reveals the surface texture of the nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of wind power technology and their affordability, various wind turbine models are created. Omni directional wind turbine had a three - bladed rotor mounted on the top and the top structure is connected to the pole with help of a thrust bearing. As the wind blows the wind vanes helps in aligning the wind turbine along the direction of wind flow. The truncated hollow cone like structure is used for guiding wind towards the wind turbine for increasing wind velocity than that of surroundings. This work deals with a new design for a wind turbine that has the form of a hollow, truncated cone with a wind turbine fixed at the outlet of a relatively smaller area. The sail linked to the wind turbine assists in aligning itself with the direction of wind flow as the wind blows. The wind turbine is modelled using solid edge and is numerically analyzed by ANSYS. The total deformation and equivalent stress in the pole are calculated. The power obtained from the wind turbine is low as the blade swept area is low. The pressure and velocity contours are plotted for moderate wind breeze and it is found that maximum velocity is obtained along the convergent section of the fluid flow. Grid independence study is conducted and the convergence criteria of 10–6 is taken for the computational work. The advantage of wind energy is that it renewable and cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of utilizing ferro manganese slag, a byproduct of the ferroalloy industry, in the production of fly ash bricks to improve sustainability and performance in construction materials. Through an examination of various physical and chemical properties, similarities between ferro manganese slag and fly ash bricks are identified. While bricks containing fly ash exhibit textures akin to ferro manganese fly ash bricks at an approximate 85% comparison rate, those treated with the additive display distinct spherical fly ash particles, indicating a different texture. By blending different proportions of sand and ferro manganese slag, it was founded that adding 10% ferro manganese slag to fly ash bricks with 30% sand significantly enhances compressive strength, reaching 10.5 MPa after 7 days of curing and 11 MPa after 14 days of curing, with water absorption found to be 5.73% which is below acceptable limit 20%. A density test on the generated bricks yielded a figure of 2105 kg/m3, which is 1.2% greater than the density of normal fly ash bricks. It was discovered that the density of traditional bricks was 2079 kg/m3. The addition of this ingredient may have positive effects on recycling and lower production costs for bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban farming trend emerged during the government's lockdown. Urban agriculture has great potential to increase the value of nutritional consumption by providing healthy food for families, filling free time and some even use it as ecotherapy from fatigue working from home. In addition, urban farming can be a solution for many people who lost their jobs during the pandemic. This paper reviews the role of urban farming during the pandemic, especially when the lockdown occurred in the city of Makassar and the government's approach to encouraging community participation in implementing urban farming. Approximately 28 articles were selected after screening of 53 articles to ensure that they are related to the research. The selected articles are articles related to urban farming in Makassar City. The government encouraged urban farming programs prior to the pandemic, such as The Hallway Business Entity (Bulo) program, Sustainable Food Yards (P2L), Lorong Park Program and others. However, this has escaped the attention of the community. Limitations such as knowledge, area, relevant space, and opportunities to manage plantations hinder the participation of urban communities in this activity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the good effects of urban farming gave urban communities awareness that food must be available so that many people participated in urban farming activities. Food security for urban communities must be maintained to anticipate a sudden crisis. Because there are so many problems such as global warming which is still a global problem and the threat of a crisis due to war, natural disasters. If urban food security can be maintained, social crises can also be anticipated beforehand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pucak Botanical Garden (PBG) is one of the Botanical Gardens in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province that has not been commercialized and until now does not have valid data on the average tourist visits each year. This study aims to determine the relationship and influence of the factors that influence visits to the Pucak Botanical Garden tourist attraction. The factors that are thought to have an effect on the Botanical Garden Peak Visit are Tourism Destination Attraction (X1), Infrastructure Facilities (X2), Services (X3) and Security (X4) variables. The research method used is a quantitative method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which processes Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Path Analysis simultaneously through Lisrel software. The sample used was 589 respondents using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. From the tests carried out, it was found that all variables were significant to tourist visits at the Pucak Botanical Garden. The coefficient of determination obtained is 63.5% while the remaining 36.5% is influenced by other variables not discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the diseases on a global scale that causes the main reasons of death is lung cancer. It is considered one of the most lethal diseases in life. Early detection and diagnosis are essential for lung cancer and will provide effective therapy and achieve better outcomes for patients; in recent years, algorithms of Deep Learning have demonstrated crucial promise for their use in medical imaging analysis, especially in lung cancer identification. This paper includes a comparison between a number of different Deep Learning techniques-based models using Computed Tomograph image datasets with traditional Convolution Neural Networks and SequeezeNet models using X-ray data for the automated diagnosis of lung cancer. Although the simple details provided by the X-ray images dataset, the study showed that the using of X-ray data set in our deep learning algorithm could provide promising results by getting accuracy of validation for both Convolution Neural Network and SequeezeNet models 93%, 76%, respectively while the validation loss in both models Convolution Neural Network and SequeezeNet 34%, 30% respectively, these promise results will make the physician give a swift decision in diagnosis of lung cancer and keeping the patients away from exposing to unnecessary extra radiation dose during the Computed Tomograph exam as well as the low cost of X-ray examination comparing with Computed Tomograph exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era of extensive global connectivity, individuals continuously use E-Services across many domains. Consequently, the volume of sent data is increasing daily, giving rise to fresh challenges regarding safeguarding information. These challenges include integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of information sent between the sender and recipient. To achieve these security objectives, digital signatures are a viable solution. Where, it includes the original sender digitally signing secret data, which is verified by the intended receiver. This review paper investigates the current state of digital signature systems, thoroughly examining their theoretical basis, practical uses, and prospective technological developments. Furthermore, the examination digs into the challenges and algorithmic flaws. Finally, this comprehensive resource will assist academics, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in cybersecurity and cryptography in obtaining current information on the Digital Signature Schemes infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenomenon known as an Urban Heat Island (UHI) happens when urban residents experience significantly warmer temperatures compared to those in more rural or suburban settings. The main aim of this research is to examine the urban heat island in Kirkuk city utilizing Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite Remote Sensing. The study utilized the ML classification method to calculate Land Use Land Cover (LULC) with 30m spatial resolution Landsat data from 2001, 2011, and 2021. It also used the radiation transmission technique to calculate Land Surface Temperature (LST) with a 90m spatial resolution using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) thermal band data from 2001, 2013, and 2021. These data sets are adequate for measuring important environmental parameters. This study's results demonstrated that UHI effects extend beyond the suburbs with urban growth to their areas, where Kirkuk's growth is being caused by several building projects. ASTER data were used to compute LST because Landsat data are recorded daytime in our study area. The study highlights the important role of data-driven methodologies and multidisciplinary studies in recognizing and tackling the challenges that arise from urbanization, land use change, and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to forecast the ideal regions for urban expansion in Kirkuk using Geographical Information System (GIS) methodologies with remote sensing data. A suitability map of urban expansion was created using the concept of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A final land suitability map was constructed by combining many social, economic, environmental, and physical criteria. These included roads, urban, slope, river, bare land, vegetation. The Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was utilized to extract variables for river and slope. Even though most of the expansion is now noticeable naturally, there will be a lot of new construction on the edges of existing communities. Kirkuk might be divided into six categories based on the final results starts from non-suitable and ends with very high suitable. Findings from this study emphasize the role of model-based predictions of urban growth in the formulation of the city's overall strategy and road network design. This study's result can aid policymakers and planners in making better-informed strategic decisions and in taking proactive regulatory or preventative actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently water treatment plants are among of the most important infrastructure facilities for the sustainability of most service, agricultural and industrial development projects. Conducted rapid in it mixing operations are on it. furthermore, coagulation, flocculation then sedimentation, and finally, chlorination. consequently, pumped through networks to the consumers. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of sedimentation basin units in the old Safi water project located in the metropolis of Karbala on the Husseiniya River, one of the branches of the Euphrates River, where the amount of raw water entering it is 1300 m3/hr. and after conducted analytical calculations and compared them with the required design, the efficiency of removal of the sedimentation basin was founded to 62.29%, depending on turbidity of the raw and treated water. While it was designed to exceed 70% as the lowest percentage, and this is due to the quality of the alum, the accumulation of mud and the lack of continuous cleaning. In addition to that, the service over flow rate, (SOR=19.15 m3/day.m2), which is one of the most important design criteria, was less than the acceptable limits and also the detention time (6.26 hrs.) exceeded limit. In conclusion, it was required to add flowrate 1200 m3/hr for adjust the value of SOR and detention time to be them within the allowable design criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used the effective Lagrangian approach at the tree-level to investigate η-meson photoproduction on the proton in the threshold energy range up to 1.87 GeV. Besides the Born and vector-meson terms, the resonances N1(1520)D13, N2(1535)S11, N3(1650)S11, N4(1675)D15, N5(1680)F15, N6(1700)D13, N7(1710)P11, and N8(1720)P13 were included in the calculation of the transition amplitudes. The coupling constant parameters are obtained based on the calculation results based on the particle data group. In this work, we used simple and complete propagators for resonances up to spin-5/2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to design and build a 2-dimensional standing wave generator system using the Chladni plate principle. This system uses a circular membrane whose edges are clamped and several tension sensors are attached. For the vibration source, a DDS AD9850 sine signal generator is used which is placed in the center of the membrane. Salt is sprinkled on the surface of the membrane to give a visual effect of the standing waves that form on the membrane. This system is tested by providing continuous frequency so that a Chladni pattern is formed. It was found that the Chladni pattern occurred only at certain frequencies and the number of the frequency point increased with increasing membrane tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) is a composite resulting from mixing wood powder/fiber with a thermoplastic matrix. This study made WPC by mixing cantala fiber powder with recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) thermoplastic. WPC manufacture is done by a single screw extruder and hot press. The extruder converts a mixture of cantala powder and rHDPE into granules which are then further processed in a hot press into composite sheets. The process temperature in the extruder is varied from 130°C, 140°C, and 150°C. Composite sheet manufacture is carried out at a temperature of 150°C and a pressure of 50 bar for 25 minutes. The effect of extruder temperature on tensile properties, density, and morphology of rHDPE/cantala composites has been studied. The results showed that the extruder temperature 150°C could produce a composite with the highest tensile strength of 29.10 MPa with the lowest density of 1.2 kg/m3. The morphological observations showed that the temperature of 150°C was able to produce a uniform mixture of rHDPE and cantala powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioplastic materials, also known as biodegradable materials made from plant starch, have become one of the alternatives to prevent the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics. Sago starch material (Metroxylon sp) has been developed for the production of bioplastics. The microstructural properties of Tawaro sago starch (STA) and Tawaroduri sago starch (STB) have been characterized, and it has been found that STA sago starch is superior as a base material for bioplastic production due to its amylose content of 36.49%. The XRD diffractogram revealed the formation of the α-amylose phase, and the elongation of the sago starch (STA) amylose polymer chains (C-O) was confirmed by the absorption band in the range of 1200 – 990 cm−1 for (C-O-C) and (C-O-H) in the sago starch glucosidic ring, with higher intensity compared to Tawaroduri starch (STB) at absorption bands 958 cm−1, 860 cm−1, 771 cm−1, and 715 cm−1. Sago starch (STA) was modified using Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) technique at a temperature of 100℃ with different time variations, and the hand layup method was used to produce four bioplastic specimens. Sago starch (STA) with 0.0% moisture content in specimen D showed a tensile strength value of 0.254 MPa and a strain of 0.247 MPa. The tensile strength increased due to the HMT treatment of sago starch. However, the strain value of specimen D was still relatively rigid. This occurred because the low moisture content in the starch granules was evenly distributed, leading to increased liquid absorption capacity and better distribution of other elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of dynamic machine systems using variable frequency dives (VFD)s has grown significantly in recent years. Improvements in the application and selection of equipment systems might result from a deeper familiarity with Variable Frequency Drives. The paper focus on energy-efficient speed regulation for a three-phase induction motor. The optimal performance and highest efficiency of a three-phase induction motor are achieved when a VFD (changeable Frequency Drive) is utilized to regulate the speed of the motor in conjunction with a changeable load. To demonstrate the validity of the notion of energy savings, an experimental setup is created using VFD, and the results are shown both with and without VFD. In our experimental setup, by dampening the vibrations produced by the motor at startup, variable frequency drives (VFDs) save a significant amount of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through photovoltaic (PV)-based electrical pumps, a substantial quantity of the world's renewable energy production is conserved. The production of irrigated cereals is hindered by the rising price of petroleum and the unreliable supply of electricity. As an alternative to electric and diesel pumps, solar pumps can be used to irrigate crops. This study demonstrates how a solar pump operated by a variable inertia flywheel can be used to power modest irrigation systems that water field vegetation. This study proposes a new model for an eco-friendly, solar-powered, Variable Inertia Flywheel (VIF)-coupled irrigation device that increases irrigation capacity in remote areas while conserving energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of renewable energy sources with advanced power grid technologies has raised concerns over electricity quality. The use of machine learning techniques enables the assessment of power quality data analysis for the purposes of identifying and mitigating disturbances. This study presents a novel approach to power quality analysis in various power systems, using machine learning algorithms. The proposed methodology involves the processing and analysis of real-time power quality data obtained from various appliances. This data is extracted using a power data collection system equipped with sensors. Subsequently, machine learning techniques and algorithms are employed to identify and classify voltage and current harmonics, as well as transients. The system uses machine learning techniques to identify, classify, and predict power quality issues by using historical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional buck-boost converter may increase or decrease voltage and offers the advantages of cost- effectiveness and simplicity in construction. The power conversion efficiency of the typical buck-boost converter is limited by the negative effects of the device's parasitic features. We provide a high voltage conversion gain low-voltage-stress buck-boost converter based on a coat circuit in this work. Integrating a microcontroller into the conventional buck-boost converter expands the voltage conversion range and decreases the voltage strains on the semiconductor components. Buck- boost converters may maintain a consistent output voltage by changing it to be greater or less than the voltage at the input. A microcontroller application regulates the pulse durations of PWM signals to manipulate the output voltage. The buck- boost converter for solar panels in this research operates within an input voltage range of 5 to 10 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage systems, via their peak shaving applications, provide sustainable options for boosting the current capacity of distribution networks to ensure their continued safe and dependable operation in the face of rising load demands and a greater share of renewable energy generation. This study looks at the feasibility of using a flywheel energy storage technology in an IEEE bus test distribution network to mitigate peak demand. Energy losses in a simulated flywheel system are measured using an experimental setup, and an empirical model is built to account for these losses. Additionally, the peak power of the feeder is measured together with the energy lost from the flywheel using an optimum power flow calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flywheels, an age-old mechanical device, serve to stabilize power output by counteracting fluctuations in rotational speed through their inertia. They find widespread use in various applications such as internal combustion engines and industrial machinery. A flywheel with a substantial moment of inertia is essential for minimizing variations in angular velocity. Despite its traditional nature, the flywheel is renowned for its remarkable energy efficiency and environmentally friendly attributes. Moreover, it boasts features like high cycle life, extended operational lifespan, impressive round-trip efficiency, high power density, and minimal environmental impact, enabling it to store virtually limitless energy. This article presents critical analysis of flywheel as a renewable system that concentrates on both variable inertia flywheels (VIF) and fixed inertia flywheels (FIF), with the fundamental concepts and real-world applications, a viewpoint that has not yet been discussed in reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flywheel with a changeable moment of inertia is known as variable Inertia flywheel (VIF) can be proposed to overcome complexity on moment of inertia that causes difficulty during rotating machine start-up. While there is an extensive amount of literature on VIF control strategies, very little addresses practical considerations. Depending on the parameters of the application system, a VIF system may be designed and built using a relatively simple control approach. To determine how a semi-active VIF control system and the input parameters of a rotating electrical machine relate to one another in minimizing energy losses, this study collects data from a VIF linked motor system. The last step in developing an intelligent semi active control for the rotating machine linked with VIF is to utilize a machine learning method to predict the parameters of the control application system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to find the effect of compaction variations on the shape of the material with SEM in the form of micro-structures. The results of this compaction variation will determine how efficient the power is needed in the formation of a sample, ODS materials are made from various mixtures of powder materials. The powder materials commonly used are Fe and Cr materials and then mixed with other materials, the powder material that has been milled is then compacted with the specified load variation, this is done so that the material is solid before sintering. The variation of compaction carried out in this study with loads of 10 Tons, 20 Tons, 40 Tons and 60 Tons was observed how much influence on the grain size of the material, from the results of metallographic and SEM tests showed at a pressure of 10 Tons the grains were still in the form of medium spheres for 20, 40, 60 Tons of material are seen to bind to each other, for 40 and 60 Tons are not too much change compared to 20 Tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research was to evaluate plasma parameters utilizing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas with varying excitation voltages of 4 kV, 6 kV, and 8 kV. The optical emission spectra of an Ar/O2 plasma created at constant frequency and flow rates for different voltages ranging from 4 kV to 8 kV demonstrated that voltage fluctuations induced a considerable difference in the intensity of the Ar/O2 emission. The electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) were measured using the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening, respectively. The electron temperature (Te) rises as the voltage increases from 1.47 eV to 1.62 eV. Furthermore, with rising voltages, the Debye length (λD) decreases while the electron density (ne), plasma frequency (fp), and number of particles in the Debye sphere (ND) increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of technology and information, scientific creativity and attitudes significantly affect individuals' success in their lives and careers. However, these two competencies need more attention in schools, especially during the covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study analyses the correlation between scientific attitudes and students' scientific creativity after applying STEM-integrated Creative Responsibility Based Learning (STEM-CRBL) during the covid-19 pandemic. This study involved 22 high school class X students in Banjarmasin City, Indonesia. The data were obtained through a scientific creativity test and a scientific attitude questionnaire. The results showed: (1) scientific creativity has a correlation with aspects of fluency, flexibility, and originality is significant and strong; (2) scientific creativity has a correlation with indicators of scientific imagination, problem-solving, and product design is significant and strong; and (3) scientific attitudes with scientific creativity turns out the correlation is insignificant and weak, even the correlation of scientific attitudes with problem-solving and product design is very weak. Therefore, the habituation of scientific creativity and attitude is designed to complement each other in STEM-CRBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days there is an increase in the need for suitable converters for renewable energy applications. This proposed work deals with a novel non-isolated hybrid DC-DC converter topology for renewable applications like Solar Photovoltaic (PV). To lessen the input current ripple, the suggested converter is built using a Layered boost converter (LBC) concept and this proposed approach becomes hybrid interleaved converter (HIC). By (i) applying the voltage lift technique and (ii) swapping out the traditional inductors present in the Linked Inductors (LIs) with the proper turns ratio which will be coupled to the LBC, and in the LIs' secondary side a voltage converter cell (VCC) is connected. By considering that the voltage gain is primarily extended at the secondary side, low voltage stress of 12.63% of the output voltage, is functional to the LIs and switches. The proposed converter produces a 15.83% high voltage conversion ratio. The experimental set up has been designed for the rating of 500 W. Results from an experiment using a 24 V/380 V, 225 W initial converter functioning at 91.6% efficiency provided as evidence that the proposed paradigm, was used to produce a high voltage conversion ratio of 15.83 with a minimal input current ripple (20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an innovative DC-DC boost IGBT Converter architecture with potentially minimal conduction losses during switched mode is presented. The converters accomplish zero voltage transitioning (ZVT) during the turn-off of a transistor by employing an auxiliary switching unit (ASU). An IGBT-based boost converter's efficiency or transitioning frequency can be increased by using this new concept. The architecture of the converters, the working principles, complications with loss minimization, the operating range for optimum performance, and component selection for the proposed converter design are included in this article. The effectiveness of the converter's ZVT was confirmed through modeling and a series of experiments. In order to validate the proposed ASU based dc-dc converter, the experimental results are observed and presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatid cyst disease (HD) is a parasitic infection happens due to cysts containing Echinococcus granuloses (larval stage). Immune-response against this parasite that was affected by the synthesis of specific interleukins like IL-4. Objectives: This study aims to describe the prevalence of expression of IL-4 among Echinococcosis patients in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Methods In Al-Najaf city of Iraq, a case-control study was designed and conducted, and the data was collected from May 2022 to Oct. 2022. A hundred and forty-eight participants were involved in this study (100 cases and 48 control); those patients were in the age group (10-50) years. Results: The results unconcealed that the best concentration level of IL-4 appeared within the people (10-19) year and was (38.370±42.150). In contrast, the lowest concentration level of IL-4 appeared in the ages (≥50) year and was (20.109±5.114). Hydatidosis was more predominant in females (34.082±38.731) than in males in rural (59.250±40.752) from residency. Conclusion: IL-4 has a significant role in immunity against infection of Echinococcus granuloses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, it is considered to be an auto-immune disease and it is widely spread in Al Samawah city in Iraq. However, Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties are all provided by honey. It was hypothesized that locally applied honey on infected joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis could reduce the inflammatory clinical signs in patients. In this study, three groups of patients participated, the rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without local honey applications compared with the control group. A statistical survey for patients with rheumatoid arthritis was conducted according to the statistical records in Al-Hussein General Hospital in Al Samawah city in Iraq to have the statistical distribution in the city. Hematological parameters by Complete Blood Count for groups of patients were done to measure the difference in White blood count, C reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. The protein expression in the synovial fluid in the knee joints was detected by western blotting all groups. The X-Ray was used to detect the bone re/degeneration of bone articulation surface. The results showed that in general most of the infected population in Al Samawah city was males (54%) compared to females (46%), the infections were concentrated in between 20-65 years old at the first season of the year. Hematological, the WBC count, CRP and RF was significantly elevated in Rh patients but it was reduced according to honey intake and local application for 2 weeks. In addition, it was obvious that the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-1 and TNF-alpha) production in the synovial fluid was dramatically reduced after intake and applying honey of the infected joints compared to Rh patients and the control group. The X-ray showed that the articulation surfaces of bones were improved by enhancing the intra-synovial space and synovial fluid increase compared to the X-ray in Rh patients and the control group. Taken together, it is suggested that the inflammatory signs of rheumatoid arthritis could be relieved by two weeks intake and/or external applying of honey solutions on joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients, as honey could act as an anti-inflammatory reagent and enhance the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing and Characterization of Neutron Radiation Shielding Materials Using Local Natural Resources Based on Wood Composite-H3BO3. Synthesis and characterization of neutron radiation shielding materials have been carried out using local natural resources based on wood composites with H3BO3. Several studies have been carried out to obtain radiation shielding materials that can absorb neutron radiation well. Boron is one of the materials that has the advantage of high neutron absorption. The choice of using sawdust as an alternative used as a composite material is due to its availability as a very abundant local natural resource. In this research, a neutron radiation shielding material based on wood-H3BO3 composite was made with variations of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Mixing of wood and H3BO3 was carried out using HEM (High Energy Milling) for 2 hours, then pressed at a pressure of 2000 Psi using a manual press with a mass variation of 5 gr, 7.5 gr and 10 gr. The results of SEM-EDS characterization showed significant differences in the content of wood and wood-H3BO3 composites of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The greater the composition of H3BO3, the more boron in it. The results of XRD characterization showed that no new phase was formed in the wood-H3BO3 composite. The results of the compressive test characterization showed an increase in the compressive ability of wood-H3BO3 composites by 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, namely 46.6 N, 111.8 N, 100.8 N and 190.2 N. The results of the neutron absorption test using the Neutron Radiography technique with the film technique showed the addition of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% H3BO3 to sawdust increased the average neutron absorption by 35,3% in wood to 68,7% in wood-H3BO3 composites and increased the attenuation coefficient from 0.22 cm−1 in pure wood to 0.56 cm−1 in wood-H3BO3 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]