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Wireless camera sensor networks have gained significant popularity in various applications, ranging from surveillance to environmental monitoring. As the number of camera nodes increases, load balancing becomes crucial to ensure optimal performance, efficient resource utilization, and prolonged network lifetime. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of various load balancing strategies employed in wireless camera sensor networks. We discuss the implementation details, complexities, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of each strategy. Furthermore, a tabular comparison with bullet point differences based on different subjective parameters is provided to facilitate the selection of the appropriate load balancing strategy for specific scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based controllers must be created by modelling the system to be controlled. This is because, regardless of how well-tuned the controller's settings are based on this model, good control performance cannot be predicted without first picking the suitable model for the process. The vast majority of industrial processes are overdamped, time-delayed steady-state systems. Designing a non-linear controller has always been difficult for researchers and control professionals. The robotic manipulators have numerous inputs and outputs. A Nonlinear PID Controller has been designed in this paper. This controller combines the Proportional Integral and Derivative controllers, as well as a nonlinear factor that multiplies with the integral controller. After Simulink modelling the controller, it was discovered that its performance is superior to that of other current controllers, and that its application is ubiquitous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robotic manipulator system has demonstrated its efficacy in a variety of fields. As a result, it is essential to design an efficient controller for managing the end position of a robotic arm. Due to the rising nonlinearity and complexity of robotic manipulator systems, a typical proportional-integral-derivative controller has proven ineffective. In recent years, intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and optimization algorithms have emerged as a potent tool for managing extremely complex nonlinear processes with uncertain dynamics. In this study, a PID Controller and a Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller with parameters generated by a Genetic Algorithm using Absolute Error Integral as the goal function are created. In this paper, simulated output results of plants controlled by a Fuzzy ProportionalIntegralDerivative controller are presented, and the superiority of the implemented controller is demonstrated through a comparison with a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller using the Genetic Algorithm optimization technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper runs over regions where it approaches a lot of individual conduct information. This information can be useful to arrange the personality traits as per attribute received. In this paper, the framework proposes a mechanism have been studied the different type of personality attributes and do compose as per the best five super attributes so that under 5 personality traits covers all attributes as subset of all 5 developed personality traits. The framework utilizes learning calculations like Naive Bayes, j48, Decision tree and Random Forest alongside cutting-edge information mining to mine user attributes information and gain from the examples. This learning would now be able to be utilized to group/anticipate user identity in view of past orders. In this paper we have done the personality classification and our target audience are the students who want to know what kind of career path will be most appropriate for them. We have collected the data from students and then processed to classify their personality on the basis of that data. By using it will be very helpful to all students who don't know which career line are suitable for them? According to the output of this process Random Forest got the higher accuracy i.e., the personality traits of a particular individual we can suggest them a suitable career path based on the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of energy is broadening in the world as by using single energy source it is not possible. As load demand increases power required more. Through the use of single conventional or non-conventional energy source the reliability and continuity of electricity is not reached at specified value. If there any fault occurs then it is not possible to get entire energy for the achievement of load demand. Hence hybrid energy system is introduced which overcomes the problem of single energy system as can get continuously supply of electricity if one energy system fails. There are many shortages of fossil fuels and have some environmental factors which affect the operation of hybrid energy system. So, this manuscript deals with modeling of hybrid energy system by taking various energy sources under MATLAB environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A power system comprises of various equipments such as transformers, transmission lines, motors, generators and loads. The basic function of power system is generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to customer side. As well as population is increasing simultaneously power industry has also grown accordingly to attain energy demand. Any sudden occurrence of fault in any interconnected system it regains synchronism after some time by using other devices. These incidents may due to overloading gives tripping off and entire system may loose synchronism. Hence in order to continue with reliable and continuous energy supply FACTS devices have been introduced. After the fault the parameters fall by their rated values with time. There are many FACTS devices such as SVC, STATCOM and SSSC etc. which attain stability of an entire system with increasing load capability. This manuscript deals with various FACTS devices and their performance for the achievement of stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the investigation of the autoignition delay of n-pentane and iso-octane (PRF) using two different Rapid Compression Machines. The air-fuel mixture is compressed in a cylinder using a solid piston. The cylinder is heated up to 102°C in case of i-octane so that i-octane should convert into vapor before combustion. Kastler pressure transducer and amplifier are used to record pressure in a cylinder with respect to time. Ignition delay is less than 10 ms for a lean mixture. Pressure may rise to 25 and 52 bar after combustion for i-octane and n-pentane respectively. Experiments are done for different equivalence ratios of fuel. n-pentane and iso-octane are used to investigate about ignition delay period. For n-pentane and i-octane, the equivalence ratio is varied from 0.4 to 1.4 and 0.36 to 0.8 respectively. Some results are compared with air to analyze the motion of the piston. The pressure record obtained of i-octane and n-pentane are compared finally. The present paper transparently illustrates the dependence of ignition delay on alteration of equivalence proportion from cheap to rich fuel-air mixture. Cool flame reaction and 2-stage ignition are also shown in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robotic manipulator is a complex, nonlinear, connected, and dynamic system with multiple moving parts. As a result, process engineers must develop a dependable controller for the final operation of the system. effector's This study presents a Nonlinear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (NPID) controller for a 2-link planar rigid robot manipulator with actuator for trajectory tracking. Because PID controllers can handle the shortcomings of proportional, integral, and derivative controllers, the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are employed to optimize the controller parameters. In a comparison study, all four optimization approaches were put to the test. The simulation results demonstrate that GWO-PID controllers outperform other optimization techniques, as it has the least value of IAE and they are utilized to demonstrate the usefulness and utility of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the influence of the texture of the surface on the output of hydrokinetic articles. The job is split into two phases: 1. The technique of mechanical indenting with micro dimples to texture the bearing base. 2. Surface texture impact analysis on a flat, structured bearing with two loading axes with inlet holes±90°. Various investigational findings showed the impact of a micro-dimple on the redistribution of the pressure on the central region of a polished and rough journal at various weights and speeds. Test results demonstrate that load enhances as the surface texture is applied to the bearing surface. It was found that, with constant friction and constant demand for fuels, the percentage increases with low pressure and maximum pressure (percentage max) when embedded in smooth logs and the rise in speeds (from 1200 rpm to 3200 rpm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammographic breast density is one of the substantial threats to breast cancer. Breast density and the possibility of concealing breast cancer are directly proportional. So as breast density increases the possibility of detecting breast cancer in its early stage decreases. Breast density measurement follows the path of the image processing pipeline, which includes preprocessing, segmentation of fibro-glandular tissue, and density classification. Accurate breast density classification depends on the successful development of all the image processing pipeline stages. Despite the immense research efforts in quantitative methods during the last two decades, there is still moderate agreement of automatic breast density measurement with radiologists' BI-RADS classification. This article aims to provide a systematic overview of breast border detection and pectoral muscle removal methods as an essential preprocessing step for breast density measurement. The significant contribution of this article lies in comparative analysis of different methods to detect border of the breast and extraction of pectoral muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis and investigation of crack is essential issue to ensure the reliability and avoid the catastrophic failures of the industrial components like engines, aerospace, pressure vessels, pipes, reactors etc. Their failure may lead to the loss of lives and economy. In this study, extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to solve the fracture mechanics problem of an edge crack in 3D functionally graded Cuboid where crack surface is perpendicular to the direction of material gradation. Stress intensity factor is determined at the mid of the crack front using interaction integral approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]