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Now, with the progress of semiconductor technology, MOS devices leakage current has developed into a bottleneck. Leakage current components start to resemble ON state current as the devices in reduced to the sub nanometer region. This paper main goal is to find a perform daily comparative examination of number of leakage currents that really are present due to short channel effects. The summary of lot of factors impacting the leakage currents (LC) has been fully examined. Further, there were also various leakage minimization techniques studied. An analysis of the various forms of leakage through data. It has been achieved and evaluated for using channel length technology including junction less transistors. Therefore, after the whole analysis about leakage current junction less field effect transistors (JLFETs) we can say JLFETs is a sustainable and energy efficient transistor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a method to consolidate fine powders to produce ceramic parts. Due to thermal cycles and pressures applied during SPS, phase transformations occur in raw materials used for producing high performance ceramics. In this study alumina in two forms, a-and γ-Al2O3, and silica (SiO2) mixed with zirconia (ZrO2) were sintered to form zirconia-mullite (MMA and MMG, respectively). The properties of these ceramics were compared with those produced by sintering pre-synthesized mullite nano-powder with and without zirconia addition. The content of mullite formed was studied for specimens made with alumina and silica feedstocks. The raw materials were sintered at different temperatures to obtain the correct temperature for obtaining highest mullite content and high density. Phase composition, morphology and mechanical properties of the ceramics were studied. It was found that the mullite prepared at 1500 °C with γ-Al2O3 has a higher percentage of mullite phase. However, the specimen made with pre-synthesized mullite powder had the highest mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the vital concerns of today's world is war, pollution, inequalities between different countries, and lack of familiarity of culture between different nations. These utmost issues can only be fathomed with the help of Global citizenship education. The main aim of Global Citizenship Education is to succor learners to opt for an individual, national and global identity so that they will be able to partake actively in deciphering all international problems like water scarcity, global poverty, food security, nuclear holocaust, cold war among countries, etc. This clamor educates students beyond the geographical partition. Therefore, this paper addresses the aim of Global Citizenship Education and its role in educational institutes. This paper will also tell us how global citizenship education can make an individual a real problem solver at the international level in the future and will help in knowing the impact of such education upon the globe. The outcome of this research indicates that GCED clasps unusual character and needs exceptional education in day-to-day affairs. In this paper, with the help of a literature review, I have proposed to merge all good scholars and specialists from every continent to traverse the current hypothesis which are instructing all the academic houses to focus on converting candidates into true human being. The involvement of analysts from different places will also help us in knowing how GCED has a mixed meaning in different parts of the world. Afterward, research has been done upon the factors which GCED will contribute to making a person a real problem solver at the international level and creating a sense of equality in an individual concerning different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel Cells have been around us for about 8 decades and boats for almost forever. In this paper, a mode of water transport/vehicle is suggested. The idea is to use Solar Panel to harness the solar energy which is then fed to an Electrolyzer. The electrolyzer is fed with 2 inputs, water, and power. The water is split into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis. The hydrogen then becomes the input/fuel for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEMFC converts Hydrogen and Oxygen (present in Air) to power, which is supplied to a motor to run the propeller. The above idea has been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized MOF derived cobalt-polyhedron by facile method and the same was characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Prepared polyhedronhas rhombic dodecahedron shape and shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution in 0.5M H2SO4 solution. Acid washed (AW) samples shows better HER activity as compared to their only heat-treated counterpart. 900AW show maximum HER activity (Tafel slope 86.9 mV dec-1). It was found that temperature as well as porosity plays very important role in HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon supported MoS2 nanocomposite has been extensively used as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction as well as hydrotreating process. However, their synthesis method majorly involves post-synthetic installation of MoS2 nanoparticles or sheets on the carbon support via hydrothermal reaction or high-temperature sulfidation of molybdenum oxide precursors. Herein, highly dispersed low-dimensional MoSx nanoparticles (NPs) with a particle size as small as 2.4±0.6 nm were successfully synthesized by purging H2S into the polyoxomolybdate solution (A3[PMo12O40]; A+=H+, NH4+) in the presence of different capping agents (SDS and PVP). Furthermore, these MoSx nanoparticles was found to exhibit excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence behavior. Upon annealing of capping agent stabilized MoSx nanoparticles at 450 °C for 6 h in Ar atmosphere, in-situ carbonization of capping agents (SDS/PVP) has occurred which led to the formation of amorphous carbon supported MoS2 nanocomposite. The formation of amorphous carbon was verified using FT-Raman spectroscopy study whereas the presence of MoS2 was established with the help of XRD, TEM, SAED, XPS, and FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The small size of the precursor MoSx nanoparticles was presumed to be the driving force for the formation of highly disperse few layers of MoS2 wherein surface ligands dehydrogenated and polymerized to form the amorphous carbon supports for the as-formed few layers of MoS2, hence control their final size of the particles. Synthetic ease of the as prepared carbon supported MoS2 nanocomposite may encourage the effective application of this materials for heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum (Pt) carbon based catalyst for hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange between hydrogen and water is one of the benign processes being explored for heavy water production. Platinum being precious, presents a significant contribution on overall cost of catalyst. Titanium (Ti), a potential catalyst was explored for the H/D exchange to reduce the cost of catalyst. Titanium oxide co-doped with platinum in carbon aerogel (CA) was investigated for the exchange process. The present studies involve synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles doped in carbon aerogel. Pt and TiO2 doping (5% by weight for both) in CA was used to prepare the bimetallic PtTi-CA catalyst. The H/D exchange efficiency obtained for the PtTi-CA catalyst (with 50% Pt economy) was 57% which compares well with Pt-CA catalyst having exchange efficiency of 67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]