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In this brief article, we are reporting a xylene sensitive and selective chemeresistive composite sensor based on WSe2 (p-type)/MWCNT (p-type) heterojunctions working at room temperature. In comparison to pristine WSe2, composite sensor performs way better by obtaining 1.15 times higher response (0.92%) and full recovery. In addition, the composite- based sensor has a clean and consistent response throughout a wide range of xylene concentrations, as well as a highly selective character towards xylene when compared to other analytes. Lowest limit of detection for composite sensor has been calculated to be 12.82 ppm. As a result, our study opens the door for composite-based (p-p type) heterojunctions to be used in real-world applications for monitoring hazardous gases such as xylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, photonically assisted millimeter wave signal generation techniques are proposed for modern space applications. For this, two designs are investigated with different optical modulators, namely, amplitude modulator and Dual Drive-Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM). A 2*2 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) transmitter with a 100 GHz frequency spacing is used to broadcast Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) signals, and it encodes the signals using a 1Gbps pseudo-random bit sequence with return-to-zero coding. The Electrical Constellation Visualizer is used to examine the distortion in the proposed Radio over Fiber (RoF) links. The opti-system software simulation for DD-MZM design confirms a high-frequency millimeter wave signal with 60 dBm optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) and radio-frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) 72 dBm. Whereas Amplitude Modulator based architecture produces mm-wave signals with high Q-factor and low loss. Therefore, the merging of MIMO and RoF technology is a better solution for generating mm-wave signals for next-generation communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of optical communication systems necessitates the advancement of efficient and versatile all-optical switches. In this study, we propose an indium tin oxide (ITO)-based all-optical switch that harnesses the unique properties of this transparent conducting oxide material. The working principle of the proposed switch relies on the optical Kerr effect, where the refractive index of ITO changes by the influence of incident light. By exploiting the non-linear response of ITO to intense light pulses, we demonstrate its feasibility as a primary component in all-optical switching applications. With ITOs electric tunable ENZ effect, our proposed switch achieves an extinction ratio (ER) of 9.2 dB, insertion loss (IL) of 4.3 dB, and figure of merit (FoM) of 2.14. Our findings reveal that the ITO-based switch exhibits ultrafast response times and low energy consumption, making it suitable for high-speed optical networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "IOT WEATHER DATA ACQUISITION AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM" deals with presenting a smart device in terms of real-time accumulation of data and automation. The core intention is to make life easier and hassle-free. From agriculture drones to the defense, real-time data is feeding in every sector of industry to make everything automated, more susceptible, and sustainable. Data can be further studied to bring out meaningful insights from them. Right on the track, the prototype is capable of visualization of data through the internet on many platforms in the form of GUI (Graphical User Interface). This prototype uses some sensors like DHT11, MQ135, BMP280, Soil moisture, and Flame sensor. 38% Humidity, 32.3 Temperature reading provide by the DHT11 during the test. BMP280 sensor shows their readings in graphical format. 9% moisture present in the soil, noted during the test through the soil moisture sensor. 8% of Hard Particles are present in the atmosphere and the Lux value was 89.167 noted during the test with the help of MQ135 and Light Intensity sensor. A flame sensor also used in the prototype gives the warning. When it senses the flame, and it increases the safety. All data are represented through interactive graphs and plots that are easy to interpret. In addition, this data is stored in the cloud platform. Which are further fetched into platforms like MATLAB, Simulink, and excel sheets for further analysis. Simply connecting to the internet, can get their data from anywhere in the world through the API ports and are supported in many channels like Thing Speak and Arduino IoT cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a huge demand in Energy due to the industrial revolution and urbanization. Though most of the energy need is compensated by fossil fuel which leads to depreciation in underground resources for fossil fuel. Also the major concern for utilizing the fossil fuel is releasing of CO2 in the atmosphere causing global warming. The aforementioned concern around the fossil fuel has seen a shift in dependency towards the renewable energy sources such as Solar, Wind, and Water etc. Although renewable sources of energy are very clean and abundantly available in nature but the intermittent behavior of these energy source create a huge mismatch between the energy demand and energy supply. To bridge these above gap, Thermal energy storage plays a pivotal element role which stores energy by heating and cooling of storage media. In this paper we will analyses the various storage materials and their suitable characteristics which influence the duration of the storage also their constrains while deploying in commercial plants. The various types storage media comes under Sensible Heat Storage such as Water, Concrete, Sand, Rock, Molten salt etc. are reviewed. Along with SHS, Latent Heat Storage materials which are also called Phase change materials such as Paraffin, Eutectics, Inorganic materials are also discussed in this paper. The discussed analysis presented in this paper may be helpful to carry out future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is extensively used for the fabrication of functional as well as non-functional prototypes. But this technique has several issues such as unacceptable surface texture and inaccuracy in dimensions of fabricated components due to the staircase effect. Researchers have successfully improved the surface quality of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) components through treatment with vapors of chemicals like acetone. However, the reflow of the material caused by such vapors inherently affects other properties like dimensional accuracy, surface hardness, and tensile strength. The present study highlights the influence of selected operating parameters of FDM and vapor smoothing (VS) over dimensional deviation and shore hardness of ABS replicas. Experimentation was planned and performed as per Taguchi's L18 orthogonal array. Further, the results obtained were supported through optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline Nd(Fe1-xTix)O3 solid solutions (where x = 0.0-0.30) have been synthesized using conventional solid state reaction route. The structural, microstructural and magnetic properties have been investigated. The XRD data reveals that there is no change in the structural phase with the substitution of Ti4+ up to x = 0.30 and sample exhibits the Orthorhombic phase (Pbnm no. 62). The SEM micrographs show the gradual decrease in the grain size with x whereas density increases with increasing x. The magnetization (Mr) decreases with increasing x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pb1-xBix(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 where x = 0.20 solid solutions have been successfully synthesized by solid state reaction route. The effect of ball milling (Ordinary as well as Planetary ball mill) on structural and Electrocaloric properties have been reported in this work. The structural analysis confirmed that the solid solutions were crystallized into tetragonal phase. The remnant polarization decreases whereas Electrocaloric effect was found to shift from higher temperature regime to lower with changing ball mill process from ordinary ball mill to planetary ball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the numerical algorithm for solving second order linear and nonlinear three-point boundary value problems with Dirichlet and mixed type boundary conditions using uniform Haar wavelet collocation method. Some numerical examples are demonstrated with the help of tables and graphs to predict the efficiency and accuracy of the method. Convergence analysis of the proposed method is also discussed. The L2-error and absolute error for the given problems depict a great agreement between the exact solution and approximate solution obtained by the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single phase Ba1-xCaxTiO3 (where x= 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) powder samples were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. The structural, surface morphological and ferroelectric properties were studied. The Rietveld analysis of XRD data confirmed that the samples crystallized in tetragonal phase and the c/a value decreases and the grain size has been found to increase with increasing x. The remnant polarization value was observed to be maximum for the sample with x = 0.05 and decreases with increasing x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, silicon based dual ring resonator with hybrid plasmonic bus waveguides (Cu-SiO2-Si-SiO2-Cu) is investigated for achieving switching in the telecommunication C-band (λ = 1.54-1.553µm). The switch element uses vanadium oxide (VO2) as the switching medium when inserted between the rings in order to tailor transmission from one ring to the other through heating induced phase transition. In this manner, the proposed switch element uses one vanadium oxide medium instead of refractive index tailoring of the whole ring as in the prior reported works and achieves switching response. From two-dimensional finite element analysis we have found that, the proposed switch can achieve maximum extinction ratio of 2.72 dB at λ = 1.5434µm, exclusively by tailoring VO2 phase. Furthermore, impact of aperture width, and gap (separation between the bus waveguide and rings) are investigated to gain insight on the improvement of extinction ratio. From our numerical simulations, we find that free spectral range (FSR) and figure of merit (Q) for OFF and ON states are (173.36 nm, 92.63), and (173.58 nm, 65.39), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (La1-xPbx) MnO3 where x = 0.1, 0.2 solid solutions were prepared using solid state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals the single phase formation. The microstructures show that there is no remarkable change in the grain size, however the compactness of the grains increases with increase in x. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of elements in stoichiometric proportion. The raman spectroscopy shows that there is no additional mode appears with Pb2+ ion substitution. The magnetic data shows the ferromagnetic behaviour for the sample x=0.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The x(NdFeO3) - 1-x(PbTiO3) where x = 0.2 solid solution was prepared using solid state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals the single phase formation. The microstructure shows grain growth with lesser porosity. The energy dispersive analysis confirms the presence of elements in stochiometric proportion. The polarization vs. Electric field loop estabilished a ferroelectric type behavior but lossy in nature. This lossy nature may be due to the presence of large leakage current in solid solution. The Magnetization vs. Magnetic field plot exhibits a unsaturated hysteriss loop indicates that the sample is not purely ferromagnetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of Co1-xTixFe2O4 solid solutions for 0.1≤x≤0.4 using the solid-state-reaction rate has been done. The prepared samples were characterized by using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Magnetic studies have been done using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD confirmed that Cobalt Ferrite spinel cubic structure in all prepared samples. The lattice parameter ‘a’ increases with increase in the concentration of Ti. SEM micrograph shows good grain growth in all samples. Magnetic Study reveals that the M-H curves of all the prepared samples taken at room temperature are very well saturated. The maximum value of remnant magnetization (Mr ∼13.9 emu/g) and saturation magnetization (Ms ∼74.4 emu/g) has been observed for x =0.2 sample. Coercivity does not show any regular variation with increase in the molar concentration of Ti in CoFe2O4 at A-site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba(1-x) Mgx Ti O3 (BMT) samples were synthesised using solid state reaction route with ‘x’ varying from 0.025 to 0.10. The structural and ferroelectric properties of the bulk samples were investigated. The XRD analysis shows the presence of two phases, the first phase being magnesium doped BT (space group P4mm) and the second phase being Ba2TiO4 (space group Pna21). The tetragonal phase was found to be the major phase in the samples. The double phase Rietveld refinement was done and the weight percentage of orthorhombic phase was found to vary from 3.43% to 6.96% for x varying from 0.025≤x≤0.10. The P – E measurements reveal that all the samples exhibit lossy behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (La1-xPbx)MnO3where x = 0.3-0.5 solid solutions were prepared using solid state reaction route. The Xray diffraction (XRD) data reveals the single phase formation. The microstructures shows that grain size as well compactness of grains increases with increasing Pb2+ content. However density of the samples also increases with incraesing x. The magnetic data shows the ferromagnetic behavoir of the solid solutions as x increases from 0.3 to 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samarium and Iron doped barium zirconate titanate (SF-BZT) ceramics with general formula (SmFeO3)x - (BaZr0.05Ti0.95O3)1-x (x = 0, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23) were prepared by solid state reaction route. X-Ray Diffraction revealed the proper phase formation and the profile matching with constant scale factor confirmed phase change from tetragonal to pseudo cubic with increase in samarium and iron content. The SEM micrographs show proper grain growth in samples. The magnetic data confirmed the presence of ferromagnetic character in the SF-BZT solid solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of 1-(2-methoxy benzyloxy)-8-hydroxy-9, 10-anthraquinone (AQ) have been prepared by hot wall technique onto glass substrates kept at 348 K in a vacuum of 10-5 Torr. Chemical modifications of films have been performed by their treatment with different alkali halides. The films so obtained are systematically studied for their electrical and optical properties. The electrical conductivities of the resulting films exhibited semiconductor-like temperature dependence in the experimental range studied. LiCl and LiBr doped films exhibit almost three orders of magnitude higher conductivity, than untreated films, whereas NaCl, NaBr and KBr do not show any remarkable change in the conductivity. Analysis of optical absorption measurements indicate that the interband transition energies of films lie in the range of 2.57-2.66 eV. Keeping in view the electrical and optical properties of films, ITO/AQ/Al solar cells have been fabricated and characterized. The J-V characteristics of these devices are found to be in good agreement with standard diode equation. Power conversion efficiency of Li doped AQ based devices are found to increase by an order of two as compared to undoped AQ based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(BiMg1/2(1-x)Zr1/2(1-x)FexO3) 0.45−(PbTiO3) 0.55 samples were synthesised using solid state reaction route for ‘x’ varying from 0.7 to 1.0. The structural, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of the bulk samples were investigated. The XRD analysis shows that the unit cell is tetragonal and tetragonal distortion increases from 1.07 to 1.12 with increasing ‘x’. The grain size was found to decrease and the remnant polarization has been found to decrease from 5.21µC/cm² to 0.25 µC/cm² with increasing ‘x’. The magnetic measurements reveal that that all the samples exhibit antiferromagnetic behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (La1-xPbx) MnO3 where x = 0.1, 0.2 solid solutions were prepared using solid state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals the single phase formation. The microstructures show that there is no remarkable change in the grain size, however the compactness of the grains increases with increase in x. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of elements in stoichiometric proportion. The raman spectroscopy shows that there is no additional mode appears with Pb2+ ion substitution. The magnetic data shows the ferromagnetic behaviour for the sample x=0.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of Co1-xTixFe2O4 solid solutions for 0.1≤x≤0.4 using the solid-state-reaction rate has been done. The prepared samples were characterized by using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Magnetic studies have been done using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD confirmed that Cobalt Ferrite spinel cubic structure in all prepared samples. The lattice parameter ‘a’ increases with increase in the concentration of Ti. SEM micrograph shows good grain growth in all samples. Magnetic Study reveals that the M-H curves of all the prepared samples taken at room temperature are very well saturated. The maximum value of remnant magnetization (Mr ∼13.9 emu/g) and saturation magnetization (Ms ∼74.4 emu/g) has been observed for x =0.2 sample. Coercivity does not show any regular variation with increase in the molar concentration of Ti in CoFe2O4 at A-site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]