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The study explores the role of different solvents in the efficiency of solar cells manufactured from natural dyes and evaluates their optical and electrical performance. The UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy were used to analyze the optical properties. The photovoltaic performance of DSSC were evaluated at light intensity of 100 mWcm−2. Short-circuit current (iSC) ranged from 1.209 to 1.792 mA, open-circuit voltage (VOC) varies from 1.608 to 1.941 V, and fill factor ranged from 0.45 to 0.64. The power conversion efficiency varies from 1.297 and 1.52 %. This paper briefly describes the extraction techniques of the natural dye and their performance in various solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroics composites (BaTiO3)x-(CoFe2O4)1-x (x=0.00 and 0.10) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. Structural properties of the samples were studied by using X-ray diffraction technique at room temperature. XRD patterns confirmed the existence of tetragonal phase with P4mm space group for BaTiO3 and cubic phase with Fd3m space group for CoFe2O4, respectively. By using Rietveld refinement of XRD data verified that both phases are present without any secondary peak. The variation of tangent loss (tanδ) and dielectric constant (εʹ) was studied as a function of frequency in the range of 100Hz to 7MHz at room temperature. The dispersive behavior of both εʹ and tanδ show at lower frequency region but at higher frequency region it remains constant. M-H loop was measured at room temperature that shows the magnetic behavior of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic composites (NiFe2O4)0.7-(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)0.3 and (CoFe2O4)0.7-(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)0.3 were prepared via conventional solid state reaction route. Crystal structure analysis was done by using X-Ray Diffraction and Rietveld Refinement. XRD patterns depicts the formation of composites while Rietveld analysis confirms the composites exhibit only Fd3m and R3c space group without any secondary phase. Dielectric study reveals the dispersive behavior of dielectric constant (ε') and tanδ at low frequencies and remains constant at higher frequencies. Magnetic hysteresis loop at room temperature shows magnetic ordering in both composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline ceramic Bi0.80Ba0.10Nd0.10Fe1-xCoxO3 (x=0.00, 0.10) were prepared successfully by using conventional solid state reaction method. Structural characteristics were performed by using XRD at room temperature which confirmed that both the samples exhibit rhombohedral R3c symmetry. Rietveld refinement shows good agreement between observed and calculated pattern. Magnetic properties were analyzed using VSM at room temperature. Remnant magnetization enhances and M-H curve saturated with Co substitution. Dielectric response of both the samples was analyzed in frequency range 100 Hz to 7MHz at different temperatures. For 10% Co substitution, value of ε' decrease significantly and becomes f-stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The curcumin and ginger functionalized Copper Ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized sung a green method. The size and the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed by XRD pattern. The stability of the nanoparticles was evaluated by Zeta Potential. The synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were used for the preparation of lipstick. The prepared cosmetic was tested various physio-chemical properties. The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles incorporated cosmetic has been analyzed for moisture content, ash value, melting point and hardness. The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles imparted even texture, UV-rays protecting ability and antioxidant properties to the lipstick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba and Dy co-doped at A-site BiFeO3 ceramics have been successfully synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction technique. The analysis of crystal structure was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The Rietveld refined XRD pattern of prepared sample confirmed co-existence of Rhombohedral and Orthorhombic phases with R3c and Pnma space group, respectively. The low values of χ², Rp and Rwp obtained from Rietveld refinement shows good agreement between observed and calculated values. There is suppression of growth of secondary phases due to doping of small sized Dy3+ in place of Bi3+ ion. It has been found that the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase with increase in temperature at different frequency. This is because of increase in number of charge carriers and their mobilities due to the thermal activation. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss is understood using Maxwell Wagner model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroics with composition Bi0.9Pr0.1Fe1-xMnxO3 (x=0.15, 0.20). has been synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns revealed that both the samples have rhombohedral crystal structure (R3c). Distortion in the lattice is observed due to mismatch of B-site ions radii. Dielectric constant and tanδ decrease rapidly with frequency showing dispersion behavior at low frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline ceramics Bi0.85-xNd0.15BaxFeO3 (x=0.00 and 0.15) were prepared via solid state mechanism technique. For further investigation of crystal structure, X-Ray diffraction patterns were recorded at room temperature (RT) and were refined by Rietveld analysis using Full prof suite. Rietveld refinement confirmed presence of rhombohedral symmetry with R3c space group in both the samples. Small values of RP, Rwp factors and χ² exhibited good consistency in the experimental and simulated intensities. ε′ and tanδ confirms dispersion behaviour at lower frequencies for various temperatures in both the samples. For 15% Ba and Nd substitution simultaneously, ε′ reduces significantly and become f-stable. Magnetic characterizations were carried out at RT upto a field of 5 kOe. Magnetic hysteresis loop revealed increase in magnetization as content of Ba increases from x=0.00 to x=0.15. A remnant magnetization Mr=13.15 memu/g and coreceive field Hc=2.08 kOe were observed in the ceramic Bi0.85Nd0.15Ba0.15FeO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel Li4.25Al0.25Ti4.75O12 (LATO) was successfully synthesized by the sol-gel route and was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and complex impedance spectroscopy. Rietveld analysis of XRD data confirmed the formation of phase pure spinel structure with space group Fd3m. SEM analyses indicated that the LATO ceramics sintered at 800 ºC has a dense microstructure with average grain size of ~1 μm. Impedance responses of the LATO sample were rationalized using the equivalent circuit modeling. The conductivity of LATO sample was found to be ≈ 1.88 x 10-7 Scm-1 at room temperature with an associated DC conduction activation energy ~ 0.71 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel Li4.25Al0.25Ti4.75O12 (LATO) was successfully synthesized by the sol-gel route and was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and complex impedance spectroscopy. Rietveld analysis of XRD data confirmed the formation of phase pure spinel structure with space group Fd3m. SEM analyses indicated that the LATO ceramics sintered at 800 ºC has a dense microstructure with average grain size of ~1 μm. Impedance responses of the LATO sample were rationalized using the equivalent circuit modeling. The conductivity of LATO sample was found to be ≈ 1.88 x 10-7 Scm-1 at room temperature with an associated DC conduction activation energy ~ 0.71 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we have computed mass spectra of charmonium by solving the Dirac equation. The results have been compared with experimental results with other available theoretical results. Spin spin interactions are also incorporated in the calculation of pseudoscalar masses of charmonium. With the help of three parameters this model generates S-wave masses of the charmonium. In present study we have computed the digamma decay width for charmonium with the inclusion of QCD correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in structural behaviour, magnetic measurement & dielectric characteristics of polycrystalline Bi0.90-xLa0.10HoxFeO3(0.15 & 0.15) and labelled as LH15 and LH20 respectively) which were prepared using method of the solid-state reaction, have been investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement of the XRD spectrum indicates that Bi0.90La0.10FeO3multiferroics have single phase in R3c. Rietveld refined spectrum of the XRD conclude that holmium substitution at A-site for the samples LH15 is crystallized as combo of rhombohedral R3c and orthorhombic Pbam space group. Holmium substitution for LH20 has changed the rhombohedral R3c symmetry of Bi0.90La0.10FeO3 to the orthorhombic Pbam symmetry. The magnetic behaviour was studied by recording magnetization with magnetic up to ± 6kOe. Weak ferromagnetic behaviour of all samples attributes that co-doping effectively concealed spiral spin configuration by altering the canting angle. Dielectric behaviour of prepared ceramic compounds was carried by impedance analyser within frequency ranged 100Hz - 7MHz for different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the light harvesting efficiency of Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), we have explored the surface plasmon property of metal nanoparticles in this paper. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) capped silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by wet chemical method and studied for spectroscopic and structural investigations. FTIR confirms the capping of CTAB on silver nanoparticles occurs via their head group. Williamson Hall plot revealed the presence of tensile strain. Finally, these particles have been incorporated in DSSC to study the plasmonic effect of nanoparticles on performance of DSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-(1-x)ZnFe2O4 (x=0.10, 0.20) composites were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. Rietveld analysis of XRD data shows that samples exhibit both cubic (Fd-3m) and rhombohedral (R3c) crystal structure. Structural parameters and unit cell volume of samples vary with composition. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss (tanδ) display dispersion at low frequency due to space charge polarization and inhomogeneity in the composites. Magnetic analysis depicts the antiferromagnetic behavior of composites and magnetization is enhanced with the introduction of ferrite (ZnFe2O4) phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]