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We present νDoBe, an open-source Python tool that automates the calculation of neutrinoless double beta decay rates and electron kinematics utilizing an effective field theory approach. νDoBe covers lepton number violating operators within the Standard Model EFT and an low-energy EFT both up to operator dimension 9. It takes care of the renormalization-group running as well as the operator matching down to low energies relevant for 0νββ. νDoBe can be accessed via: GitHub: https://github.com/OScholer/nudobe User-Interface: https://nudobe.streamlit.app/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robot kinematics is basis of robotics study and is used to plan robot paths and motion. The forward kinematics of the robotic arm were obtained by creating homogenous transformation matrices using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. This paper concentrates on the D-H approach for robot forward analysis, creates the kinematics model, and shows the simulation design and analysis of a 4-DOF robot using RoboAnalyzer. The RoboAnalyzer will make it simple to compare and describe how different joint velocities and accelerations affect a robot's movement kinematics, so it is used to determine the joint's trajectory motion. Therefore, the entire kinematic analysis 100% matches and validates the estimated result and path planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robot kinematics is the basis of robotics study and is used to plan robot paths and motion. The forward kinematics of robotics arm were obtained by creating homogenous transformation matrices using DH parameters. The joint variables were obtained using an inverse kinematics solution, whereas the kinematics equations were solved using an algebraic technique. The focus of this paper is on DH approach for robot, the kinematics model is generated through an analysis of forward and inverse kinematics, and shows the simulation design and analysis of a 4DOF robot using RoboAnalyzer. The end effector's position and orientation, the amount of the joint variables, and the joint torque and force are all measured using the RoboAnalyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on kinematics theory, this paper proposes a computational tool that can rapidly assess the damage mechanism of aggregates in masonry structures. In this approach, some pre-assigned local mechanisms are assessed on a three-dimensional (3D) model of the whole aggregate, on which the shape of the involved macro-blocks is directly modelled. The method uses the principle of virtual work to calculate the horizontal load multiplier, judge the local failure mechanism, and carry out the reinforcement design. The method realizes coding in AutoLIS language function, uses AutoCAD software to model, and then realizes operation. The case analysed in the paper is an example from the 17 masonry aggregates located in the historical centre of Arsita. This aggregate is referred to as "Il Torrione". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, mobile robots have become one of the most important modern technologies and have attracted substantial interest in various applications. A mobile robot cannot know where it is without localization, which makes it vulnerable to going missing. The two types of localization techniques are relative and absolute, respectively. The representative of relative positioning techniques is a dead reckoning. The movement of the wheels and the starting location is used to determine the position of a mobile robot. Its advantages include low cost, simplicity, quick response times, and real-time operation. To measure the effectiveness of the dead reckoning approach, laboratory simulations and experiments on mobile robots were conducted. The mobile robot is made using a microcontroller Arduino Uno. Sensors and actuators use materials that are affordable and easily available in the market. Kinematic models are used to construct proportional and differential controllers (PD) mobile robots. The mobile robot's location and heading inaccuracy relative to the target posture is used to calculate the controller performance. Experimental and simulation findings demonstrate that the mobile robot can reach the appropriate posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seatbelts are one of the most important passive safety systems in a vehicle for securing occupants during a traffic accident. As highly automated vehicles with numerous seating arrangements are developed in the future, integrated seatbelts will replace traditional seatbelts. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to discuss the safety of integrated seatbelts in comparison with traditional seatbelts, as well as the kinematics of occupants and injury risk in future mixed traffic scenarios. Six finite element simulations were done using an integrated seatbelt and a traditional seatbelt to determine how the configuration of the seatbelt influences occupant kinematics and injury risk. A 50th percentile male human body occupant model (THUMS Version 6.1 AM50) was used to calculate the Brain Injury Criterion (BrIC) and the Head injury criteria (HIC) of the head, the chest deflection, the rib strain, and the vertebrae neck force. Varied mixed pulses, including full-frontal, straight crossing path, and left turn across path were simulated. Based on the results, the difference between the two types of seatbelts is not significant in terms of the prediction of an occupant's injury, but there is a slight change in the occupant's kinematics. Integrated seatbelts have shown promise in reducing injury risks in future mixed traffic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is proposed to numerically study effects of impact angle, impact position, posture, and height of pedestrian on kinematics and injury responses. A finite element human body model was employed to develop vehicle-pedestrian crash simulations. A 50th-percentile adult male (AM50) in standing and walking postures were considered. The human body model was set to impact a passenger car at its corner and at the centre of the bumper with 90° and 45° impact angles. Eight simulations were conducted. Since Asian pedestrians are usually smaller than their American counterpart, this paper also investigated the effect of pedestrian height by scaling down the AM50 model to a typical Asian height and weight. Four additional simulations were conducted. It was found that the impact position at the vehicle front-end affected the head impact location. Impacting at the corner position had high chance of head impacting the A-pillar which led to severe head injury. Impact angles also showed influence on the kinematics and injury response. Knee bending moment for the 45°impact angle was smaller than the 90°impact angle while bone bending was not much different. The 90° impact angle exhibited lower head injury criteria than the 45° impact angle. The results also revealed that different pedestrian postures led to some different kinematics with respect to the head impact location and speed. Pedestrian in walking posture exhibited more severe head and thorax injuries while the standing posture showed higher bending moment of the lower extremities. Finally, the human body model with Asian height exhibited higher risk of head injury than using AM50 data. The results of this study will be useful to vehicle manufacturers in designing a front structure of the vehicle and pedestrian protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the problem of correcting the volumetric error of technological and measuring machines with portal kinematics considering the first approximation of the diffeomorphism of coordinate transformation to the curvilinear system of physical movement implemented by actuators relative to the measuring Cartesian rectangular coordinate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the relevance of artificial reforestation with the use of containerized seedlings, which is the most adaptable to the conditions of natural ecosystems, has been increasing more and more. The preparation of high-quality planting material depends, among other things, on the quality of the prepared greenhouse substrate. Big bale bunkers are used to increase the volume and quality of peat mixture preparation. This paper presents a methodology for developing a mathematical model of the kinematics of big bale bunker for growing containerized seedlings, describes the device and principle of operation of big bale bunker, provides design schemes for determining the center of gravity of the movable part and parameters of the hydraulic system of big bale bunker. A mathematical model implemented in the Mathcad program is presented, with the help of which the optimal parameters of the hydraulic system are determined taking into account the standard parameters of the hydraulic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the theory of polycomponent dry friction is applied to engineering problems involving the contact interaction of composite shells with rigid support surfaces. Previous articles and reports on these problems have focused on the motion of a solid ball. In order to study the rolling a shell with sliding and rotation, a model of it's interaction is developed with two parallel plates (rails) is developed Special attention to the friction effects arising due to complex kinematics is given. To determine the coefficients of the models, a method is developed for solving the problem of the motion of a composite spherical transversally isotropic shell on a solid surface, taking into account the friction effects. This proposed implementation allows for a more accurate understanding and analysis of the contact interaction between composite shells and rigid support surfaces in engineering problems. By considering the friction effects and developing a model that accurately represents the motion of the shell, engineers can make more informed decisions and predictions regarding the behavior and performance of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two novel designs of Modular Mega prosthesis (MDF 1 and MDF 2) are generated with different geometries and dimensions, with a reference to a normal knee Modular Prosthesis emerging as one of the most promising alternatives to replace the outdated amputation procedures for bone cancer treatment. To obtain a prosthesis with full flexion ability, a better understanding of normal and healthy knees is needed. To replicate knee movements, 3–axis simulations to acquire interference between femoral condyles and the tibial base is applied to both designs and normal knee to better compare the range of movements. Volume interference as an indicator of high - flexion in knee rotation movements is established. The result showed that MDF 2 can give a superior result of flexion-extension rotations compared to normal knees and MDF 1. The range of movement in internal-external and varus-valgus rotations of normal knees is still higher than both MDF 1 and MDF 2, although the results of movement for both novel designs are not too distinctive. The simulations in this study showed that both designs, MDF 1 and MDF 2 have great potential as a solution after limb-salvage resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the relation between the current and displacement responses due to an external mechanical stimulus on the outer hair cell (OHC) hair bundle (HB) is studied using a theoretical approach. We seek to understand the interplay between the time constants of the external loading and those intrinsic to the HB. To incorporate HB adaptation and channel gating, we used the model of an isolated HB, denoted as the TMJ model. We solved the nonlinear equations for the bundle dynamic response due to an externally applied force that consisted of an exponential temporal rise to a constant value. We determined the dependence of the bundle displacement over which the current continued to increase (the apparent operating range (OR)) on the rise time (τF) of the applied force. In addition, we developed a model linearized about the resting open probabilities for a given static, biasing load to provide closed-form approximations of the dependence on the stimulus rise time, τF, and bundle adaptation time constants. Finally, we wanted to determine if the inclusion of more precise kinematics of the tip link motion relative to the stereociliary rotation influenced model predictions of the channel opening and bundle stiffness. Hence, we developed geometrical relations between the two rows of stereocilia to establish coupled kinematic relations for inclusion in our HB kinetic model. We predict an OR of 30−50 nm for small τF and an overestimation by a factor of 10 in the OR for τF higher than the slow adaptation time constant. Finally, with accurate bundle kinematics, lower HB displacement, current, and adaptation motor displacement were predicted in contrast to the TMJ model. We are exploring the implications of this model on nanoscale mechano-electrical transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of the car's kinematic parameters in the process of extreme braking is characterized by significant dynamics. The complexity of the processes leads to the appearance of rapid sign-changing changes in its speed and acceleration. If the speed of data sampling is insufficient, the moments of reaching the maximum value of the acceleration, as well as the integral values in certain intervals, can be counted with a significant error. Research related to vehicle motion with emergency braking or acceleration with gear shifting requires high-frequency registration of its instantaneous position. The study defines the requirements for the means of measuring the kinematic parameters in relation to the sampling frequency of the position of the car during transient movements of the vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulations of the general ocean and sea are analyzed using mathematical models. In oceanology, bottom model equations are referred to as "the system of primitive equations". They are derived using hydrostatic, Boussinesq, incompressible, turbulent viscosity and the approximations to diffusivity from the classical fluid dynamics equations of a rotating fluid. Boundaries and original parameters are expressed and addressed collectively. Parameterization of complex processes that operate on shorter timescales than the calculation method described could be possible. Statements concerning the oneness and life of ocean-and sea-dynamic methods (even for exaggerations Designed equations). Some mathematical equivalents and simplified simulations of marine and marine flow Oceans are described in the following terms: shallow-water equations, marine-dynamics available-surface model ocean model in the base Coordinates system etc. The problems with statistical analysis of "sea and ocean dynamics" stand known to be the option of a specification of comparative issues; Estimation of comparative problems with respect to positional coordinate axes; Tacit techniques for the early inclusion of separating methods using the model Cartridges are solutions focused on complementary equations and appropriate methods of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work implements the interdisciplinary approach that combines the methodology of solid mechanics and geomechanics with tectonophysical analysis. Solutions derived from geomechanical modeling based on elastic-brittle-plastic models of rocks are presented in the form of spatial distributions of stress-strain parameters. The analysis and interpretation of the obtained results within the framework of tectonophysics leads to the conclusion that local tectonics affects the distribution of dip slip faults along the sides of feathering faults during the stick-slip displacement in the basement. In this work, the procedure of tectonophysical analysis is described by the example of numerical modeling of the formation of a flower structure. Estimates are obtained for the kinematics of faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swimming is one of the aquatic sports and is one of the popular sports in Indonesia. Recently, the starting technique in swimming that is widely used is the track start, both rear and front weighted techniques and grab start. The main difference between the two starting techniques is the position of the feet on the starting block. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in motion kinematics with a three-dimensional analysis approach between male and female athletes using the track start technique in swimming. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The subjects were 14 males and 14 females with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.63 years, height 1.72 ± 0.32 m and weight 61.4 ± 2.94 kg. The instruments used in this study were 2 handycams video camera, a motion analysis software, a set of three-dimensional calibration, and manual markers. The results show that the 21 parameters of motion kinematics analyzed have significant differences in the male group whose results are greater than the female group, especially on 7 parameters, namely flight time, total time, height of take-off, vertical velocity of the CoM at take-off, leg power, force and time to 15m. Meanwhile, the contribution of mechanic leg power and force just before take off is a key factor in the success of starting performance in swimming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the parameters of fluid movement is essential in the designing and operation of various technological processes in a wide range of technical applications. These processes play a special role in hydro engineering where the structures of water works are directly subjected to the action of static and dynamic forces from the side of the water flow. The operation of hydraulic turbines, spillway and water transport systems and other hydraulic structures is directly connected with understanding the behavior of a fluid in various regimes of movement. This report is devoted to the study of a special type of fluid and gas flow, which is called counter-vortex flow. The report gives the comparison of the results of distribution of circumferential velocities with a laminar and turbulent pattern of fluid movement. The results of the laminar flow regime were obtained using a mathematical model and the turbulent regime on a physical model using laser technologies. Such a comparison allows one to assess two approaches in determining the kinematic structures of a complicated flow. The parameters for the viscous fluid laminar flow were determined on the basis of the traditional system of Navier-Stokes equations by determining the dependence of the circumferential component of the total velocity at the given initial circulations and angular flow velocity. To obtain the distribution of velocities in the turbulent flow a physical model was made and equipped with a set of measuring equipment. The comparison showed that the distributions of velocities for the considered flow regimes depending on the channel radius have close coincidence, while the transformation length-wise the active zone of the flow is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A contact problem for an elastic spherical shell of medium thickness and a rigid plane is considered. The shell model is formulated as a 2D constrained continuum on the background of a general higher-order shell theory. To find the contact pressure distribution, a static axisymmetric contact problem for a spherical shell and an absolutely solid surface is solved. The main governing equation is an integral equation using the transient function for a shell as a kernel. To close the system, the main governing equation is supplemented by the equilibrium condition and an additional relation determining the position of the contact area boundary. This system is solved iteratively using the quadrature method. The transient function is found by solving the corresponding auxiliary problem using series with respect to Legendre and Gegenbauer polynomials. By orthogonal expansion the formulated problem is reduced to the system of algebraic equations for the coefficients of the orthogonal series. The convergence of the constructed solution for the transient function is studied. The test problem on the given pressure impact on the spherical shell has been solved. Finally, the implementation of the theory of multicomponent dry friction in some engineering problems of the dynamics of composite shells interacting with rigid rough planes is proposed. The main attention is paid to the construction of analytical models of combined dry friction, taking into account the real distribution of normal and tangential contact stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to solve the inverse problem of the kinematics of the joint relative manipulation mechanism based on a delta robot and to further simulate its movement along a given trajectory. The paper investigates the adequacy of the obtained solution to the inverse problem of kinematics and visualizes the operation of the mechanism using this solution method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the issues of the numerical solution of the forward kinematics of the 6DOF Gough-Stewart platform. The problem was formulated for the related parameters of the position of the actuator rods and the orientation of the upper movable platform in the configuration. Numerical modeling of forward and inverse kinematics is carried out. The analysis of the convergence of the numerical method is carried out and it is shown that the accuracy of solving the forward kinematics using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm weakly depends on the initial point of the algorithm; the numerical method has high stability parameters. The results of mathematical modeling are presented. The high speed of solving the forward kinematics of the order of 0.01 seconds makes it possible to use the LM algorithm when creating high-precision high-speed Gough-Stewart platform control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most basic representation that can describe a motion is visual (motion diagram) and a mathematical representation can be built based on it. Students are often inconsistent in using concepts when faced with questions that are presented with different representations. This study aims to see the differences in students' conceptual understanding of the kinematics topic when they are faced with problems in visual and mathematical representations. This research is quantitative comparative research. The research was conducted on first-year students consisting of 93 Physics Education and 87 Physics undergraduate students. In this study, we used two instruments in a multiple-choice question format, consisting of 5 questions in verbal representation and 7 questions in mathematical representation. We tested the hypothesis using a paired-sample t-test. The results showed that students' conceptual understanding in verbal format was better than in mathematical format. Based on the results of the paired-sample t test, it was obtained t = -6.305 and sig (2- tailed) = 0.000. This shows that the differences in students' abilities in solving problems in the two representation formats are significantly different. The results of this study provide a contribution related to students' ability to solve problems that still depend on the representation of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpreting kinematics charts is one of the important skills in learning kinematics. This study aims to identify the ability of physics students in interpreting kinematic charts, as a result of distance learning. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method using an instrument adapted from TUG-K (Phage, 2017). The results showed that physics university students could interpret kinematics graphs by 44% on the positive/negative gradient aspect, 70% on the constant gradient aspect, 69% on the reading point aspect, 46% on the gradient calculation aspect, 35% on the area calculation aspect and 73% on the aspect of graph transformation/variety. Interpreting graphs needs attention in the kinematics topic because this is a fundamental step for students in understanding kinematics concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the consistency of students' scientific and representation in solving physics problems on the topic of 1-dimensional kinematics. This research is a quantitative descriptive research conducted on 125 high school students in all 11th Science grades at MAN 1 Jembrana City, Bali Province. The number of questions used in this research amounted to 20 questions with the multiple-choice format. The results showed that the understanding of kinematics was quite good, as indicated by the student's average score of 71.28. For the value of the consistency of representation and scientific consistency, students have reached a reasonably consistent category with a percentage of 76.80% and 62.40%, respectively. The representation presented in the questions affects the understanding of concepts and students' ability to solve problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inquiry-based learning has been widely researched to improve students' ability in higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). However, the HOTS component that specifically relates to the steps of inquiry has not been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop HOTS in the inquiry framework as a new taxonomy of cognitive domains relevant to the inquiry process. This study aims to develop HOTS in the inquiry framework, develop the assessment instrument of HOTS in the inquiry framework on the kinematics, then test both content validity and empirical validity. This Research and Development (R&D) use the steps proposed by Barg and Gall. The research began by synthesizing HOTS in the inquiry framework through literature study, compiling the instrument of HOTS in the inquiry framework on kinematic, then testing its validity through expert judgment and field tests. Aiken's V formula is used to analyze the expert judgment, while the field test results were analyzed using the Rasch Model. The result of this study is a new taxonomy on the cognitive domain called HOTS in the inquiry framework, consisting of three levels, namely: Level 1-Diagnose the problem, which consists of attributing, analyzing errors, and planning skills; level 2-Solve the Problem which consists of generating, experimenting, examining importance; and Level 3-Get the solution of the problem which consists of generalizing and producing abilities. In addition, based on the results of expert assessments and empirical tests in the field, a valid and reliable instrument of HOTS in the inquiry framework on kinematics has been produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates students' interpretation of kinematics graphs. Hundred and twenty-one students who take physics class were chosen to solve problems that involved analyzing graphs about position, velocity, and acceleration versus time. Interviews were conducted to reveal the students' difficulties while solving kinematics problems. The result emphasizes that students were able to determine velocity (if given position-time graph) and acceleration (if given velocity-time graph). However, students faced difficulty in selecting textual descriptions and choosing the corresponding graph if given a kinematics graph. These findings suggest that learning physics should be increased emphasis on analyzing kinematics graph deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science process skills and conceptual understanding of pre-service physics teachers were in the low category. This research was conducted to solve this problem by using worksheets based on virtual phenomenon instructions. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of worksheets and improvement of science process skills and understanding of concepts in pre-service physics teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The design of this research is one group pretest-postest with purposive sampling are pre-service physics teachers who take mechanics course in the academic year 2020/2021 (n=81) consists of 21 males and 60 females. There are 6 conceptual understanding questions for pretest and posttests based on Bloom's Taxonomy (C2, C3, C4). Assessment of science process skills includes indicators of observing, classifying, interpreting, predicting and communicating consist of 5 questions. The data analysis technique uses the effect size and N-Gain score. Based on the result of this research, it was found that the improvement of science process skills and conceptual understanding of pre-service physics teachers reached 0.56 and 0.47 which was categorized as moderate. Effect size for science process skills and conceptual understanding are 3.5 and 1.9 are categorized very high so it can be concluded that the effectiveness of kinematics worksheets-based instruction virtual phenomenon is very significant to improve science process skills and conceptual understanding of pre-service physics teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skills to analyze and interpret data from physics investigations are an essential aspect of learning physics. This research was conducted in four senior high schools in Jember district, East Java province, Indonesia. The selection of these schools is based on school accreditation and the standard of the teacher's physics learning process. The accreditation levels of the four schools have been accredited in the excellent category. Data analysis and interpretation is the process of solving the data that has been collected in the investigation activity and then synthesizing it into new knowledge. Students who have these skills will think analytically about hypothesizing activities, synthesizing, finding patterns, and connecting findings with problems. Teachers must know these skills to consider appropriate learning strategies so that student learning activities lead to these abilities. This study aimed to identify the power of high school students to analyze and interpret physics inquiry data on the topic of motion kinematics. The research data were obtained using a multiple-choice written test. The results showed that the students' ability to analyze and interpret the data was still unsatisfactory. Students must be involved in many investigative activities, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data to formulate conclusions. Investigation-based physics learning activities are an alternative to develop these skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to obtain a profile of the level of understanding of concepts and mental models of students in grades 10, 11, and 12 regarding the graphical concept of straight motion kinematics in high school. This research is descriptive research to provide an overview or description of a situation objectively. The research subjects were 25 students for each grade 10, 11, and 12 with a total of 75 with 23 male and 52 female taken by purposive sampling. The research data collection instrument used a test of understanding the concept of straight motion kinematics graphs in the form of open descriptions. The data analysis was carried out in two stages, the first stage was the analysis of the level of understanding of the concept and the second stage was the analysis of students' mental models. Analysis of concept understanding data obtained by students' mental models at the scientific level for students in total got a proportion of 20%. In the mental model, students at the Synthetic level obtained a proportion of 16.7%. Meanwhile, the mental level model dominates by reaching a proportion of 63.3%. From these different proportions of mental models, it can be used as a consideration for educators in choosing learning strategies in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, approaches for the solution of parallel manipulators forward kinematics have been addressed. Current research on this topic has been analyzed to determine the status and unresolved issues of the research field. Articles on parallel manipulators forward kinematics were reviewed, and numerous approaches for resolving forward kinematics in particular have been identified and published, which may assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate technique for solving the problem in this domain. Researchers have also attempted to apply these methods to a variety of other parallel manipulator-related problems, such as inverse kinematics and dynamics. In robotics, serial manipulators were invented before parallel manipulators. Hence, methodologies for solving forward kinematics were first developed for serial manipulators and many methods are ineffective for parallel manipulators. In this paper, all identified methods can be used for solving forward kinematics of parallel and serial manipulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of creative thinking skills test on kinematics material. Research participants were students of class X SMA Al Azhar Medan and class X students of MAN 1 Medan who had received kinematics material. The type of research used is research and development (R&D). The research carried out refers to product development in the form of a creative thinking skill test instrument. Before the test instrument for creative thinking skills was tested on students, the test was validated first. The product development subjects consist of content or material experts, instrument experts, and linguists. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis technique. From the results of small group and large group trials, 22 test instruments on kinematics material were declared valid. The conclusion obtained after the research is the characteristics of the creative thinking skills test instrument developed were declared valid with high interpretation, reliable with very high interpretation, and the level of difficulty and discriminatory power was classified as good; the research participants' creative thinking skills were quite adequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The further development of the investigation, beginning at the works [1-3] and the firstly presented in [4] is proposed in this work. Distinguish features of these investigations are using of the theory of multi-component dry friction [5-22] in the numerous engineering applications. Dry friction model of a solid ball rolling on boundaries of two identical frames constructed in works [1-3] is generalized for the case of the two incline frames. This model can be used in investigation of the dynamic of the a so-called "Butterfly" robot, consisting of two identical shaped plates rigidly placed parallel to each other on a small distance aimed at manipulating a ball that can freely roll on the plates' boundaries as on rails [17]. The difficult control systems considered in [23-24] are another engineering application of the combined dry theory. Following developed in previous investigation approach, the friction force and torque are computed by the integration over the contact area so that the exact dynamically coupled integral model accounting the relationship of all the components of friction is obtained. This exact model is replaced by approximated analytical model which is completely satisfy to all analytical properties of integral model as function kinematics parameters without increasing the number of coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics is one of fields in science that studies about the phenomenon, symptoms and facts of nature. However, many students from junior high school up to the university level still find difficulties in learning physics concepts. This happens because of there are too much abstract concepts and mathematics calculation that leads to misconceptions towards the concepts. This study aims to identify the misconceptions and causes of misconceptions of prospective physics teacher students on the kinematics of motion and static fluid. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive type of research. The population in this study was all students in the Physics Education Program semester I to semester IX and the sample was taken randomly, namely 40 people. The research technique used is a test and interview technique with a three-tier diagnostic test data collection tool with CRI. The analysis technique used is the descriptive percentage with CRI analysis. The results showed that 36% of students had misconceptions on the concept of static fluid and 29% on the concept of motion kinematics. The identified misconceptions are that students still cannot determine that the speedometer only shows an increase in speed, not the average speed, students have not been able to analyze the acceleration of objects at rest, and students have not been able to determine the acceleration and negative velocity of objects when presented in graphical form. In addition, students have not been able to analyze the relationship between density, object weight, and buoyancy in the sinking and floating events, students have not been able to determine the relationship between floating events and fluid pressure in the case of closed bottles and students have not been able to distinguish between mass and density when people swimming in water. The cause of the misconception is that students' reasoning is incomplete and inaccurate. The results of the identification of misconceptions and the causes of these misconceptions can be used as a reference to improve the learning process with more innovative and creative learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a kinematic analysis of a ten-link gear-lever differential transmission mechanism (GLDTM) consisting of a lever contour antipalallelogram, which transmits rotational motion and torque from the drive shaft to the drive shaft for machines with symmetrically driven roller centers. The kinematic analysis of the mechanism is carried out in order to determine the angular and linear speeds and accelerations of the links of the mechanism, depending on the angular speed of the driving link (gear) and the linear speed and acceleration of the center of rotation of the free working shaft. The kinematic analysis was carried out according to the centroid theory by the method of the instantaneous center of rotation of the links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new two-fluid model of turbulence is verified by the example of an axisymmetric incompressible jet. This model was previously tested for the problem, where a system of equations with constant pressure was used. In the article, a complete system of turbulence equations of the new model is considered. For comparison, the article also presents the numerical results of the well- known Spalart - Allmares (SA) model. Numerical realizations of the equations of hydrodynamics were performed using the Finite Volumes Method (FVM). The Leonardo QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) scheme was used to approximate the convective terms, and the central finite-difference scheme was used for the viscosity terms. Velocity correction was conducted according to the SIMPLEC method. The numerical results obtained are compared with experimental data from the NASA database. It is shown that the new two-fluid scheme more accurately describes the turbulent jet than the SA model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proposed an approach to creating a control algorithm for a transport and technological system, consisting of two electrically driven two-wheel single-axle modules to be placed under transported cargoes. Maneuverability of the system is provided owing to the independent turning of the module axle around the vertical axle for an optional angle. It is discussed the possible strategies of the system maneuvering on the assumption, that the system movement occurs in the vertical plane, which is parallel to the stationary supporting plane, without taking vertical longitudinal movement into consideration. Computer simulation and physical modelling of the system turning are carried out on condition that the rear axle is at rest, the rear axle wheels are driven ones, and the forward axle wheels are traction ones. The kinematic relations between the module motion parameters are determined as a function of the angular velocities of the wheel axle rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study implements a mathematical and visual analysis of the universal joint's work in the software package MathCad and MATLAB Simulink. We obtained the dynamic model taking into account internal characteristics. It demonstrates the connection of the torque on the crosspiece with the angular velocity of the driveshaft and allows to find and fix errors in the early stages of design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When working with a rotary harrow in the spring on winter crops, it is necessary to ensure high-quality soil crumbling, since the soil crust formed on the surface prevents the flow of oxygen and moisture to the plant. Also, according to the technology, before harrowing, spring fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is carried out, after which they are embedded into the soil with rotary hoes, but the fertilizers can evaporate if they are poorly embedded. Therefore, the problem of entering the needle into the soil at 90 degrees to form a hole with minimal evaporation of fertilizers is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stabilization during walking is one of main tasks of humanoid robots and this is ensured by various types of regulators. Described are the four subsystems (mechanical, motion, information and electrical) of which the robot consists and components therein. This article proposes a new approach to humanoid robot modeling, which is based on the methods of identification rather than by solving the inverse task of kinematics. The model is linearized over the entire range of variation of control actions. The H∞ regulator is synthesized on the created model. The article aims to show that the humanoid can be successfully modeled by identification and stabilization by a MIMO regulator that is not based on the control of inverted pendulum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical basis for calculating combustion engines dates back to the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This was, of course, the pre-computing era. Therefore, in order to make calculations possible then, a number of simplifications had to be used. Today there is no such need. It turns out, however, that most "very advanced" computational tools use old theories unchanged in "modern" computing systems. The aim of the work is to present a method for calculating the position, speed and acceleration of a piston in the crank system. Due to the geometrical dependence of the elements of the engine crank system, it is necessary to calculate the value of the element from a very small number. It was practically impossible without the use of computers. Hence, the appropriate dependencies were developed into a power series. Today there is no such need. It has been shown in the measurements of the engine that the analytical calculated piston path practically does not differ from the measured one. The differences are relatively small and are in the speed of the piston and its acceleration achieved in "classical" and analytics method. These differences were found to be due to values in members with twice frequency of the baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a formulation method for solving the Inverse Kinematics problem of serial robot manipulators in Dual Quaternion (DQ) form. The formulation is based on Forward and Backward Reaching Inverse Kinematics (FABRIK) algorithm. Inverse Kinematics (IK). It consists of searching possible and feasible joints motions to reach a desired position and orientation as smoothly, rapidly and as accurately as possible. The FABRIK algorithm is a current solution used in computer graphics. The FABRIK algorithm reposition each joint one at a time in a forward and backward iterative mode. However, the algorithm alone is not suitable for robot manipulators as it does not consider the joint direction of rotation and orientation. This article also describes an Inverse Kinematics algorithm in dual quaternion form based on the existing FABRIK algorithm and compares it with other heuristic methods. The proposed algorithm uses the dual quaternion advantages fully defining the orientation and position in a single form with 8 components. Besides, the proposed algorithm does not use any trigonometry function unlike other traditional methods. Finally, different models were tested with the algorithm parameters ranging from 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) to 6 DOF and the results are presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a description of the coordinated motion of a multi-parametric mechanical system with multiple degrees of freedom by defining its trajectory by an interpolation curve in a configurational space that intersects interpolation nodes defined by the work conditions of the respective machine. The complete working cycle of machine movement is divided into separate motion phases – time intervals between subsequent passes of node points on the movement trajectory. The article puts a complete work cycle of a metallurgical furnace crane charging machine as an example. A simulated motion of the crane charging machine in its work cycle is simulated. The mathematical model of coordinated motion is obtained by forming a matrix i×n of generalized coordinates, which determines the position of a multiparameter mechanical system, where i is the number of generalized coordinates, n is the number of interpolation nodes on the time axis. Description of the full cycle of movement is carried out by using the Heaviside step function. As an example, the full cycle of operation of a crane loading machine for metallurgical furnaces with smooth start-up and braking modes in separate phases of its operation is considered. To describe smooth movements, a special dimensionless function in polynomial form is introduced that satisfies the required boundary conditions at the ends of time intervals in which its value itself, as well as the first and the second time derivatives, vanish. The simulation of the movement of the crane loading machine in its full working cycle is performed using the Mathcad computer algebra package and the cyclograms of the kinematic characteristics of its main components-the bridge, the main truck and the cab with the trunk-are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the ionized outflows to the North-East of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4945 with the combination of the Fabry-Perot (FP) and long-slit (LS) observations at the South African Large Telescope (SALT). The FP observation was used to analyse Hα emission, introduce first map of ionized outflows (Hα), continuum, kinematic map (the velocity and velocity dispersion) from some H II regions and SNRs to quantify their impact on the surroundings. Different filaments of ionized gas were traced as well as, bubble shape structure could extended from giant H II region (A3), which shows structure as a feedback onto surroundings. The LS observation introduced the physical properties in these areas with more details by tracing Hα and Hβ as recombination lines and ([N II]λλ6549,6583, [S II]λλ6717,6731 as forbidden lines. The diagnostic diagram based on two ratios (Hα/[N II] and Hα/[S II]) was used to determine the type of these regions which eject ionized outflows. The determined electron densities in the selected regions show a range of values between 2 to 860 cm−3, the highest value appears in region that shows properties of SNR. The oxygen and nitrogen abundances were calculated by using N2 and N2S2 indices for H II regions and SNRs. The oxygen abundances are stable within (2 - 6) kpc of the galactocentric distance, while the abundance of nitrogen rises with increasing the galactocentric distance. The correlation between oxygen and nitrogen abundances presents a mild negative with high metallicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turning capacity of the heavy-duty transport unit is understood as ability to make a turn when the road tractor is moving strictly along the centerline of the road. In [1], a mathematical model of the kinematics of the rotation of a superheavy road train was presented. It was later used to assess the influence of various design parameters of semi- trailers and their wheel rotation control systems on the turning capacity of the heavy-duty transport unit. A mathematical model shows the movement of a real object, but it does not always represent a certain degree of its idealization. One of the significant drawbacks of the existing mathematical models of the kinematics of the rotation of construction equipment is the lack of devices for determining the value of the displacement of the trajectory of the semi-trailer relative to the trajectory of the road tractor directly in the process of solving the problem. The purpose of this research is to eliminate this shortcoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present paper the generalized kinematics for oriented media is discussed. The approach suggested is based on the geometrical formalism, developed in the theory of connection on principle bundles. This makes it possible to take into account a range of orientations, associated with an elementary volume of underlying body, while classical Cosserat type theories involve the only one. The need for such a generalization arises, for example, in the modeling of composites, reinforced with nanosized fibers. In such a case the transformation of elementary volume to the state, free from stresses, generally is not possible. The reason for that is the fact that with any deformation one can release local stresses, associated only with a part of fibers, oriented in some specific directions. To relax fibers, oriented otherwise, one has to apply another deformation. Thus, for complete description of all relaxation transformation in some elementary volume, the continuous family of generalized deformations is required. The notion of fiber, used in differential geometry of fiber bundles, provides an excellent tool for such formalization. In present paper a way for implementation discussed ideas is shown. It is also shown that classical Cosserat approach can be obtained within generalized one as some section of a bundle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proposed applications of the theory of combined dry friction [1-10] in the problem of the ball rolling on boundaries of two identical frames. Father development of this model can be used in investigation of the dynamic of the a so-called "Butterfly" robot, consisting of two identical shaped plates rigidly placed parallel to each other on a small distance aimed at manipulating a ball that can freely roll on the plates' boundaries as on rails [11]. The friction force and torque are computed by the integration over the contact area so that the exact dynamically coupled integral model accounting the relationship of all the components of friction is obtained. This exact model is replaced by approximated analytical model [10] which is completely satisfy to all analytical properties of integral model as function kinematics parameters without increasing the number of coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper describes about free vibration behavior of laminated composite plate withcutout. The kinematic displacement field is based on first-order shear deformation mid-plane kinematics theory (FSDT) with five degrees-of-freedom. The present model is discretized using eight nodesquadrilateral element with forty-eight degree of freedom per element. The Block Lanczos eigenvalue extraction scheme is employed to obtain the natural frequencies via two-dimensional finite element approximation. Further, a variety of numerical illustrations are provided to show the effect of different constraints such as young's ratio, thickness ratios, andaspect ratios on the frequency behavior of laminated composite plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, vibration analysis is performed on functionally graded skewed elliptical shell panel(FGSESP). The material gradation along the thickness direction is carried using the four-parameter power-law. Mid-plane kinematics equations are derived using third-order shear deformation theory(TSODT). In the later stage, eigenvalues are extracted using the finite element method. To show the consistency of the model developed convergence report is generated for various mesh sizes and the accuracy is shown by comparing the computed results with the published results. The complexity of the model developed is shown by solving several numerical by varying various parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the widespread utilization of composites in structural and machine components, the dynamic analysis of these structures has become very essential for their efficient design. The present work deals with the investigation of the effect of fiber orientation/ lamination scheme on the non-linear forced vibration response of angle-ply laminated composite cylindrical shell. The finite element formulation has been carried out and the geometric nonlinearity has been incorporated. The formulation is based on the kinematics of FSDT and the governing equations have been obtained using Hamilton's principal. The solution procedure employed in the analysis is based on the modified shooting method. The nonlinear steady state frequency response curves have been obtained for different lamination scheme. The differences in the response characteristics for different fiber-angle have been explained through the distribution of strain/stress across the thickness of the laminate. The cyclic variation of the response, its FFT and the phase plane plots are also obtained to explain the nature of the non-linear response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isotropic parallel manipulators are considered. The structure and kinematics of the parallel translational manipulator guide Pantopteron are analyzed. It is established that Pantopteron mechanism, which includes pantographs in the kinematic chain to increase the speed, contains redundant connections and is statically indeterminate. Structural schemes of statically definable parallel Pantopteron manipulators are developed and proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a result of reference analysis about how to use GeoGebra software in learning physics. Specifically in this paper explained how to use GeoGebra to teach the concept of particle kinematics in 1D and 2D. The discussion is focused on straight motion (1D) and parabolic motion (2D) concepts. Each discussion is accompanied by equations of straight motion or parabolic motion and also displays the results of making graphs with GeoGebra to make it easier for readers to understand. The results of the analysis can be concluded that the use of GeoGebra software can be easily used by students if they have been equipped with mathematical concepts and knowledge about graphics. The inference from the results of this analysis is that it is time for teachers to learn and be able to use computer-based and applicative software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]