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The traditional and heritage houses of Mosul old city have significant architectural value represented by their distinctive characteristics. The main entrances and gates of these buildings with their constructed features located in touch with alleys indicate the building importance and identify the social level of their residents. The paper aims to define the synthetic characteristics and relations of the detailed structural elements constituting the main entrances of the traditional houses in Mosul old city, by gathering, analyzing and classifying these elements in categories according to their architectural details and materials, in order to employ them in providing a digital data base to be used in documentation, reconstruction and conservation activities. The paper also aims to present guidelines and recommendations for creating the virtual objects library for the entire architectural elements of the building in Mosul old city. Research results show the great diversity of structural elements and synthetic relationships of the heritage houses entrances in Mosul old city, with high harmony between these various elements, referring to the old architects attempts for enriching and improving the alleys heritage facades using architectural elements details, and systematic construction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the problem of the decreasing social quality of Iraqi schools resulted from repeating school models designed long time ago, despite the world recent socially sustainable schools designs which was affected by profound changes in the fields of education, sociology and psychology culminated by the introduction of the concept of social sustainability. Accordingly, these nececiates parallel developments in the schools design thinking and practicing of the Iraqi architects. This paper intends to answer the question of the nature of the social sustainability concept for the contemporary Iraqi architects as its main problem. The method adopted to tackle this issue includes introducing an adequate theoretical framework of the different aspect of social sustainability in schools, then exploring those aspects for Iraqi architects through a practical study. The conclusions defines the nature of deviation of the local design thinking in comparison with the general theory of social sustainable schools. Then required proposals are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The form represents one of the major components of the architectural composition, which all constitute the architectural work, both partially or as a whole. This paper tries to analyze some remains of the Islamic architectural heritage in old Mosul concentrating on traditional houses and their facades in particular in order to investigate the rules and mechanisms which produce an integrated system of attributes that gave Mosul its own architectural identity. This paper adopts a methodology represented by establishing a data-base from multi architectural essays which deal with from, then applying concluded from them on selected examples of traditional houses in Mosul. Findings show that formal features on façade level were characterized by organized unity with concepts like balance, repetition, proportion, and scale. Such concepts were basic guide-lines in organizing the internal façade. The (Iwan) was the most important element due to its size and form which affect in shaping these facades. This is so important in achieving a local architecture with distinctive identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the value of freehand drawing as a design tool in both education and practice is open to debate as a result of the accessibility of digitised drawing tools such as CAD systems and the relative ease with which a design can be presented and realised using computerised techniques such as parametric modelling and rapid prototyping. The conceptual design stage is the most critical in the design process. Despite the fact that most of the widespread computer aided design systems (such as AutoCAD and 3DSMax) are primarily directed towards the more detailed stage of design process. Even so, there are architects today who have abandoned the use of a pencil and paper, turning to the computer during the creation of their design concepts. The paper investigates the limitations of Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) systems which make them unable to satisfy what freehand drawings are doing for the initial design phase. To achieve this aim, the first section of this paper puts forward a framework for the main roles of freehand drawings through the conceptual design process. The second section investigates the capabilities of computer aided drawing tools to achieve these roles by depending on the theory and practice of the use of CAD tools at the initial design stage. The third section concludes the weakness and strength of computer aided drawing systems in the conceptual design phase. The paper ends with recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congregational Mosques Classification is an important issue for Islamic Architecture studies which introduced many different classifications.This paper aims to introduce a new classification of the congregational mosques using the pattern recognition digital technique. The cases selected for the study covers most of the period and space of the Islamic for a more objective and accurate classification. The paper takes up an unsupervised texture image classification algorithm which uses a competitive neural network.The classification is done by assigning data to one of the fixed number of possible classes then classifying image segments into a given number of classes using segments features by using Kohonen competitive neural network and through a process of self-organization, configures the output units, representing the selected congregational mosques, into a spatial map including the resulted classification types.The conclusions support some known statements and contradict others within Islamic Architecture Theory, so certain modifications are needed according to the concluded statements after corroborating them in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interior design is considered as a concept that accompanied the theory and practice of architecture. It is represented as a form of manifestation of Architecture ,which influenced and affected by the intellectual trends and theory of architecture in their quest for the formation of modern architecture since the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper discusses the historical concept development of interior design in the period, in which modernism and postmodernism was formed. The aim of this paper to detect the most prominent aspects that define the concept of interior design, and down to determine the particularity of each movement with respect to the interior design vision. These aspects were: the nature of the interior design and essence, the goal of the design procedure,the relationship of interior design with interpretation, its sources, and its design determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of unity and diversity is the most important feature that characterized the Islamic architecture, and the Islamic religion had a active role in the creation of this phenomenon. Muslim architect innovate architecture consistent with the Islamic religion and compatible with the environment and architecture of countries that under Islam. As the Madrasat Buildings is one of the Islamic architecture types characterized with unity and diversity. From analysis of the previous studies that deal with Madrasat Buildings in Islamic architecture appears that of the evaluating of spatial configuration of these buildings is insufficiency and unclearness according to various Islamic styles. this paper has taken this case as a problem for discussion. This paper aims to discover the Effects of the Variation of Styles in Islamic Architecture on the Changing of The Spatial Configuration of Madrasat Buildings according to each style. Space Syntax analysis has been applied for a sample of an elected Madrasat Buildings in the different Islamic regions. The research Investing a group of software as a Space Syntax, this methodology for the rules of spatial configuration as the most objectivity and accuracy for analysis space. The paper divided to two sections, first is a theoretical construction of the phenomenon through the previous literature, while the second deal with group of different examples of Islamic Madrasat Buildings through the software to reach a determination of the spatial configuration styles of Islamic Madrasat Buildings. At last the research ends with group of conclusion illustrate the phenomenon in a scientific manner accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry is presented as one of the concepts which has been employed as a design tool for creating architectural ideas in the design process throughout architectural history, as well as providing order and creating form intentionly. The importance of geometry has emerged, because it is considered the single most common determinant or characteristic in buildings. The paper discusses the importance of this concept and its employment as a formative idea during architectural history. Thus the objectives of the paper and its problem have been formed by building theoretical framework consisting of one main item of detailed theoretical field as the following: (procedures of creating architectural ideas by employing geometry which is, in term connected by two primary generators; geometric planes and solids with geometric fields or grids), which specifies procedures of employing geometry in creating architectural ideas in different architectural trends, firstly, then the application of this item on the products of three architects: Meier , Eisenman and Graves from the twenties Revivalism trend of the 20th century, secondly, Finally, concluding procedures and paradigms, which had been employed by architects of this trend in creating ideas, thirdly. Conclusions have been declared, concentration on the concept known as dynamic geometry which is based on a geometric order depending on the combination of both planes and solids with geometric fields, and the employment of both regular and unique free forms, throughout design systemization in making architecture, based on the dynamism of traditional geometric order, depending on selected design relations of formal elisions in the form of dynamic modifications and of grid compositions. Thus, dynamism or movement can be added as a primary principle to the different architecture design principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a study of the influence of an earthed transformer in a double circuit transmission lines have intermediate tapped to provide to loads on a measuring accuracy and performance of the conventional Distance Protection Relay (DPR) installed in this configuration when the ground faults occur beyond tee point. The protection of three-terminal lines is not as simple as that of two-terminal lines. They usually experience problems caused by the zero sequence current in-feed of an earthed transformer from the third terminal as well as mutual coupling due to this current. This study has been modeling and simulating by using (Matlab\Simulink) program to analyze a steady state of ground fault on single circuit to calculate the DPR voltage, current and apparent impedance with various fault locations under operational status for the Iraqi North Regional Grids (INRG) 132 kV system. The paper results shows that current in-feed and mutual coupling by zero sequence of earthed transformer may cause the distance relay to seriously under-reach or Under Reach according to zero sequence current direction. The values of short circuit levels ratio of system have major effect in this problem, So an apparent impedance as seen by DPR and length of protective zone will change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes a study and analysis of an earthed out of service for one of double circuit transmission lines impact on a Distance Measuring Relay (DMR) setting due to zero sequence system mutual coupling. The protection in a remaining line measures the fault impedance correctly, except when the line that is not in service is earthed at both ends. In this case a DMR performance which installed in this configuration at the ground faults occur is much less reliable and accuracy to get an ideal tripping protected zone for its. This study has been Modeling and simulting by using (Matlab\Simulink) program to analyze a steady state of ground fault on single circuit to calculate the DMR voltage,current and apparent impedance of sequences and system at various fault locations under operational status for the Iraqi North Regional Grids (INRG) 132Kv system. The paper results shows that mutual coupling by zero sequence current of earthed line may cause the DMR to seriously over-reach under different operational situations. The DMR first zone reach may extend to its second zone, So a DMR will give a trip signal for an external faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have paid special attention to sculptural architecture because it concerns about architectural composition, this paid attention is also likely to be due to the fact that sculptural architecture has been a reaction to the principles and practices of Modernism, as a result of modern practical developments in the field of construction and as an aim in itself. This paper focuses on the discipline of sculptural architecture seeking its identification and subsequently the establishment of its theoretical framework based on previous research work. The paper shows that aspects of the established theoretical framework can be clearly related to the various phases through which the construction of a given building traverses, ranging from the initial phase of motivation and concept design by the innovating architect to process of building comprehension by recipient. The developed theoretical framework is then verified by addressing Zaha Hadid's pioneering work in this field, which is used here as case study. The application of the theoretical framework has revealed a series of patterns in Hadid's work which may be attributed to her own architectural style. Similar results to those obtained from the theoretical framework have also been made by other observers, all of which point to the special paid attention by Hadid to modern construction methods which she used symbolically and practically confirming her liberal architectural style. The revelations demonstrate the validity of the assumptions made in the development of the theoretical framework. Finally, this paper lays down a set of guidelines for other architects who wish to apply Hadid's approach in sculptural architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years of this century, many of the research centers continue to do many experimental studies with cognitive nature in the field of design process that had wide range of applications in the architectural domain, to explore how the designer think and perform during the design process and on which aspects the designer depend during that process . This can be attributed to many causes are; the intimate need for "Corporate architecture " which became the rule of communication between the designers and clients now. The increase of the designers justification abilities and capabilities the promotion of their role as Key decision makers on a projects. Finally, the role of computer technology as a design tool that helps in design process and become s congenial to a designer's thinking and working procedures in order to grow and develop such a tool, which will be supportive for architectural field. This paper puts forward an experimental study comparing the cognitive processes during conceptual design stage for three different types of design tasks performed by a group of architectural design students, to explore the effect of the different design tasks on the concept framework of those students during conceptual design activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an air gap eccentricity fault Diagnosis of a salient Pole three phase synchronous generator. The detection and diagnosis of this type of fault is based on analyzing armature and field current signatures, using FFT . Therefore, the synchronous generator, under this type of fault, is modeled by using finite element method (FEM). Also practical results are performed in the lab with deliberately air gap eccentricity faults, by using samples of bearings malfunctioning or the removal of single or pair pole. The modeling and experimental results show that FEM is a reliable approach that can be used to model synchronous generator under electrical and mechanical faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deciles method is one of the indices which are used for studying and analysing of droughts in the world and especially in Australia. The method is known by its simplicity and the limited data needed for analysis, and up to the knowledge of the authors this paper is the first study which utilizes this method for drought analysis in Iraq.Deciles method is used in this research for meteorological drought investigation in Northern Iraq. Monthly rainfall data is collected and utilized from 9 meteorological stations scattered in the study area which are; Sinjar, Tel-Afer, Dohuk, Mosul, Erbil, Kirkuk, Dokan, Sulymania, and Derbendikhan for the period 1937-2010. The meteorological drought cases were studied and analyzed using a table proposed in this study. The table includes the proposed maximum and minimum rainfall depths for each decile and for each station involved in the study. This table can be used to identifying drought periods' set on and termination in future. This can be achieved by comparing the actual rainfall depths in a certain area with the proposed tabulated values to diagnose drought cases which help in taking suitable actions for drought mitigation in advance. The drought analysis for the study area showed that the area has faced a sequential drought periods which were recurring about every decade and the most severe drought periods were in 1997-2001 and 2007-2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scour process at the abutment of bridge is influenced by the contraction of the stream flow specially when the abutment immureaneffectivewidth of the stream flow,also the shape of the abutment has an important effects onthescour depth at the abutment.In this paper a series of laboratory experiments were carried outto study the effect of contraction ratio and abutment shape on the scour and its maximum depth at the abutment.Threeshapes of abutments with three-contraction ratio with differentflow rateswere used.The result of the experiments showed that the circular shape and (30o) angle abutments reduce scour compared with that, which was, occur at the rectangular abutment.The reduction of scour depth with circular shape is about (22%) where that with (30o) angle is about (27%),also a dimensionless general empirical formula was createdfor thecalculation the scour depth by using the (SPSS 11.5) Statistical program a Coefficient (R2=0.933) of determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Eye’s detection is one of the significant difficulties in computer vision. Eye detection utilized in medical applications and computer control system for people with special needs. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for eye detection is proposed. The algorithm utilized both luminesce and chrominance components to detect face region and later with geometricalcharacteristics to fine detection for pupil center. The experimentsresults show that the algorithm is works with 93% of images database used for testing with small computation time means the algorithm is usable in real time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern researches indicate the effects on water when it is exposed to magnetic fields that effect some waters chemicals and physical properties. Paper Included a number of experiments during the winter when the water temperatures of 7 to 16 degrees Celsius and the end of the spring season when water temperatures from 26 to 39 to study the effect of the use of several intensities of magnetic field (water liquefaction (0), 500, 1000, 2000.4000 ) Kaus to drain the water out of the rasters using saline irrigation water in several levels of salinity which (tap water (250), 500, 1500, 4000) (mg / l). The results showed that there is an overlap between the effect of temperature and workmanship changes prevented without knowing the exact impact of the intensity of the magnetic field and nevertheless note that the discharge of drippers improved to the increasing of the intensity of the magnetic field and temperature change has a direct impact on the outside of the discharge emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, researches focused upon traditional public bath buildings (Hammams) in Islamic cities, aiming maintenance and rehabilitation of those buildings that faced negligence due to function miss. Hammam buildings historically had possessed significant social and environmental role, as well as distinguishing them as a unique Architectural type. The literature review showed lack of concentration upon syntactical properties of the spatial and visual configuration of Hammam buildings. Accordingly, this paper aims to describe these properties. To attain this, comparative analysis methodology has been adopted between local Baths, and those of other cultures. A number of findings were obtained, explaining spatial and visual properties of Islamic traditional public baths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments attempt to take advantage of cultural heritage that is rich in old cities, and work on its rehabilitation to achieve many goals well known to people who works in the urban renewal field. Like other Arabic Islamic cities, Mosul is characterized with its richness of cultural and spiritual heritage and all its alleys tell the story of building and their memories. The most recent studies on inter urban renewal for many cities in Iraq (including the project of urban renewal of the old city of Mosul, done at end of 2009) adopted by the General Directorate of Urban Planning, which has referred to a number of expert companies, is a clear example of that projects which the country took an interest in it recently. Although the project has prepared surveys of the case and has adopted strategy of identifying a set of thematic routes that formed essential arteries of the urban area of the old city of Mosul, but that strategy remained in many cases, vague and far from the reality of the urban space and its potentiality. This paper attempts to evaluate the strategy of the election of such routes carried out by that project through the findings of that study on one hand. In addition, between the reality of the surveying of a number of those routes on the other hand, to distinguish the compatibility of the real situation with the goals of that project and then the validity of those strategies. The results declare that the election of such routs is far away from actuality, so that it is true to announce that this strategy is invalid with in the corresponding of potentiality of the actual case of Mosul city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to explore the capability of Artificial Neural Network models (ANN) to calculate the optimal operating policy of a single reservoir system (Al_Qaim reservoir on the Al_Khosar River). The ANN models proposed in this research were making use of the outcomes emerged from two Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) models suggested by previous study on the same reservoir system i.e. Explicit Stochastic Dynamic Programming and Implicit Stochastic Dynamic Programming. The two ANN models have been used to find pattern between inflow and initial storage of the system in one hand, and the release and the final storage of the system on other hand. It is found that the topology of the first model which adopted the attributes of the ESDP is 2-6-2, while that which was implemented the ISDP attributes has a 2-10-2 ANN topology. The final results prevail that good agreement have been exist between the output (release) of the proposed ANN models and those obtained by the two (SDP) models with coefficients of determination 0.934 and 0.803 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectural cultural heritage of any nation is one of the most important basic components that reflect the authenticity and depth civilization of that nations. Architecture as a mirror that reflects all aspects of life (social, economic, technical, environmental, political) of the nation in any age of the ages. many studies focused on research in the local historical properties of the nation to define the architectural privacy (planning, design) to those of the nation. Many of the studies that analysis of Islamic buildings in Arab city are indicated that courtyard is one of the most important elements in both religious, civil architecture and often is used in the hot regions despite differing effects of social, cultural and religious aspects indicator a success architect solution for the different functional needs. The idea of courtyard is dominated the design ideas in a different buildings where it was restrict the design process as it a restriction to the different functional needs and reflected to the traditional architectural composition. Islamic palaces buildings are represented various aspects of life, there are a reflection of social and economic life and political across of different time periods that have passed the nation , and the nature of the climatic conditions . From the previous studies that focused on the courtyard in architectural environment specially in Islamic palaces buildings appears that of the Intelligibility of the Special System of these buildings is insufficiency and unclearness in this studies. this paper has taken this as a research case , and will aims to be determined by Analysis a select group of various and different functional type of Islamic palaces .. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, new design methods have emerged in architectural domain depending on the computer as a design tool. The ill-defined nature of architectural problem and the designer subjective preferences have required the use of objective methods of knowledge analysis such as exploration. Previous studies on design computing have described exploration in relation to varied design operations; the most important of them are the search and evaluation processes. The paper puts forward a theoretical framework for exploration in design computing which is able to differentiate the use of exploration among various computational tools. It defines the aims of exploration, the roles of exploration in a design process, the sequence of exploration activities in a design process, and the executor of exploration. The roles of exploration include searching both the design problem space and design solution space; whereas in the latter, exploration is a tool of generating and evaluating design alternatives. The framework is used to identify the tasks of exploration in some design computing tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper is to obtain a good WLAN video conference services, including an increased number of users and reliable coverage area with minimum implementation cost. We presents a simulation study ( using OPNET Modeler 14.0 package) of a video conference services working over different wireless local area network (WLAN) standards (IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g) with two different modes of data transmission (multicast and multiple unicast). Also , we examined different video compression techniques to choose a suitable one to work on the system . Finally , a new WLAN access point architecture was used to enhance video conferencing performance and to maximize the number of its users . Practical implementation of a video conferencing system was achieved over WLAN when using classic and developed Access point . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an experimental work was conducted to study the effect of a weir height and location in a main channel on the head and discharge of branching channel connected upstream the weir, with three differenet angles (30°, 60°, and 90°). The bed slope of the main and branch channel was kept constant and it was equal to 0.0002 and 0.0005, respectively. A variable height weir was fixed in the main channel at different distance (60, 90 and 120 cm) downstream the branching point. For each location, seven different discharges were used, and for each discharge, the height of the weir was changed from 2 to 10 cm. The results of the research showed an existence branching and main discharges, and a similar relation between branch discharge and the weir height. It is also found that the ratio of discharge (the branch discharge divided by main discharge) increases with increasing weir height, and the magnitude of this decreases as the discharge increases. The result also showed tha the angle 60 °of branch channel gave highest values for discharge ratio. The depth of water in the branch channel varies directly with the height of weir, and a maximum percentage of increases of depth observed in all experiments were 194%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study aims mainly to conduct the behavior of composite beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) as they subjected to repeated loads. It investigates the enhancement of load capacity up to failure and the reduction in transverse deflection at the ends of composite beam as affected by (CFRP) strengthening. The following parameters were taken in to consideration in this paper. Location of (CFRP) along the composite beam wrapped length effect and effects the Number of (CFRP) layers. From test results it is obvious that (CFRP) is very active in increasing the load capacity by (36%) and reducing the mid span deflection by (56%) in addition to minimizing the slip at beam ends by (98%). Depending on the location, length and number of (CFRP) layers in to account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital houses have formed an important subject , examined by several architectural studies , which have declared the special effects of the information technology revolution on houses design, especially,its form,function and construction , as well as , special effects on the human activities being practiced in. This paper has discussed the importance of this subject and its theoretical knowledge , in order to determine the research problem , represented by the ambiguous knowledge in the different aspects of digital houses design , in order to explore design considerations in its design , thus its objective has determined by revealing this and its approach has presented by building up a theoretical framework includes two main aspects, the first includes variables concerning the digital house design , whereas the second , includes variables concerning human activities. Conclusions have shown different design considerations which have been employed in digital houses designs of the international experiences, as well as determining the priorities of future design treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is one of the most widely used intra-domain routing protocol. It is well known that OSPF protocol does not provide flexibility in terms of packet forwarding to achieve any network optimization objective. The common objective of network traffic engineering is to minimize the maximal link utilization in a network in order to accommodate more traffic and reduce the chance of congestion In this paper an algorithm, to solve congestion problem in an OSPF based best effort network, is proposed. This algorithm is called Less-congested Open Shortest Path First (LOSPF). A simple feed-forward neural network is used to predict the congestion problem in the computer network links which are over utilized. The neural network is trained to predict congested links based on a given traffic pattern. These predictions are used to modify Dijkstr's algorithm to select the shortest paths, that excluding those links. Better resource utilization is obtained by applying the resulting paths. This is achieved throughout avoiding congested links and using other links that are underutilized. Comparison between performance of the suggested algorithm and the performance of OSPF that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path. Simulation results show that LOSPF performance is better in term of distributing links utilizations, and the queuing delay in the congested links. In spite of the superiority of the proposed LOSPF algorithm, its execution time is almost same as that of the OSPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the hydraulic characteristics of branching flow in open channel has been studied, a main channel was used with a branching channel connected with three angles (30°, 60°, 90°) with four bed slopes (0.001,0.0015,0.002,0.0025) and at each slope five values of discharge were pass in the main channel (13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.25) l/s. For each discharge five depths of water were allowed in the branching channel in each experiment. The results of the experiments indicated that the discharge ratio increases with increases bed slope of the branching channel. It was also found that the highest discharge ratio is obtained in the angle 60° then the angle 90° and then angle 30°. The results also showed that the relationship between the discharge ratio and Froude number is linear and direct proportional to the Froude number in the upstream main channel and in the branching channel, and inversely with the Froude number in the downstream main channel. The relationship between discharge ratio and the ratio of water depth in the branching channel to water depth in the downstream main channel is linear and inverse. An empirical equation to calculate the discharge ratio was observed, with a coefficient of determination (R2) equal (0.953). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of the comparison between the use of induction motor current signature, vibration signature, and acoustic signal analysis methods to detect broken rotor bars fault. The results have taken at healthy and faulty conditions at different speeds due to change of load. It is a comparison between three ways to determine the sensitivity for detecting faults and to adopt the best technology in detecting damages in order to increase the reliability of the system. Signals are been analyzed in time and frequency domains. The value of the root mean square of the current signal, the peak value of vibration signal, and the sound pressure level of the machine sound have monitored for healthy and faulty conditions. The laboratory tests show that the results of analyzing the current signature is considered one of the most sensitive to detect the rotor broken bar faults in its early stages¡ while the vibration signal method is less sensitive to detect the fault in the initial stages because of the presence of other components in the vibration signal. But the acoustic method is not reliable method for detecting this type of the faults. This is due to the presence of noise in the environment and fault low order frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of FRP rebars has become in the last decades at the head technologies of internal reinforcement of concrete sections instead of normal steel bars for their lightweight, portability and have a high tensile strength in addition to their resistance to rust and corrosion. This paper presents the inelastic response of 4-story reinforced concrete frame partially reinforced with Carbon FRP rebars. This frame was analyzed under actual blast load using high strength concrete. Two-dimensional Beam-Column Element has been used in representing the frame members. A computer program has been developed (in Fortran-77) for analysis purposes. Lump plasticity model has also been used, which depends on the concept of plastic hinges that reflect the inelastic behavior of the element, assuming that inelastic action is lumped at both ends of the element as plastic hinges. An interaction diagram between axial forces and moments is determined; this diagram is considered as a Yield Surface which represents the limits of the ultimate strength of the element. A direct Systematic integration technique has been used depending on Newmark's Predictor-Corrector method to solve the equation of motion. Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that CFRP rebars have the ability to increase the flexural resistance of reinforced concrete sections, which contributed to the increase in their strengths and their ductility; consequently, they reduce the number of plastic hinges formed in the frame, as well as delay in the time of their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study defines the research problem as a reformulation of a scientific aspect to study the relations between heritage and textural effects under the influence of the continuity. The studies discuss the relations of textural effects with heritage continuity. This research clarifies how strategically use the concept textural effects in architecture in achieving the communicated for architectural product depending heritage usage on different levels mentally. Formally and specially, research contains four axes: firstly, discusse the relation between textural effects and heritage continuity, and secondly, discusse the studies about textural effects, then differentiation the theoretical framework, thirdly, at last concluding the applying operations which represented by electing six main items of detailed theoretical field as the following. Firstly, the aims of textural effects, kind of textural effects, applications level of textural effects, Types depend on formal properties and Nature of the resources of textural effects, which limit the concept in architecture. In addition, the application of the items by electing four important projects in contemporary Iraqi architecture (as models) and crystallized the hypothesis, secondly. The application of the theoretical framework has revealed two patterns of utilization of textual effects in Iraqi Architecture, which attributed to designer architectural style. Similar results obtained from the theoretical framework had also been made by other observers, all of these points paid special attention about this effect in general. It is relation with heritage continuity in specific, which clarifies the utilization of it in two types. The revelations demonstrate the validity of the assumptions made in the development of the theoretical framework. Finally, this paper lays down a set of guidelines for other architects who wish to apply the type of Iraqi Architect to produce an Iraqi Architecture with textural effects under influence of continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper presents the effects of the Parasitic Torques in a single phase induction motor, on the Vibration and Noise that's generated from choosing unsuitable value of running capacitor. In this research a computer program has been developed of the motor Sound. The sound signal is measured by using a sound level meter and then it is transmitted to the computer through a data acquisition card and then the signal has been analyzed. In addition to that the Vibration signal has been analyzed. Experimental results has been obtained in the Anechoic Chamber Laboratory, It has been found that the optimum value of the running capacitor for this induction motor was 23μf .This gives minimum Parasitic Torques whose frequency is twice the input source frequency, and therefore minimum noise and vibration caused by this Parasitic Torque has been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the study of a three phase SEIG system under steady state condition is presented. In order to obtain self excitation, a voltage source inverter (VSI) supported by a battery energy storage system and based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategy is used. The output generated voltage and frequency are adjusted by changing modulation index (M). The relationship between the modulation index (M) and (dc) battery voltage source has also been found in order to regulate the value of terminal voltage. This system has been also examined with the existence of capacitor located at the D.C link side of the inverter, electronic load has been used to absorb the excess power and also to limit the DC voltage across the capacitor from exceeding the limit , while the generated terminal voltage is fixed by adjusting the modulation index. As a result the terminal voltage and frequency fluctuation due to load and speed changes are eliminated. The generated voltage waveform is sinusoidal with (THD) less than (4%), keeping power quality within the international standards. both simulation and experimental results are in agreement with objectives of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the energy dissipation was studied using stepped spillway, in addition to that the elimination of air pockets which take place at steps was also studied by using obstructions along the edge of steps. These obstructions were made from iron with square cross-section. Several experiments were conducted on stepped spillway with and without obstructions. The results of the experiments showed that these obstructions were very successful in eliminating air pockets. Their present in general had a positive effect on energy dissipation along the stepped spillway. The results also indicated that the use of these obstructions should be started from second step until the middle step of the spillway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is obvious to argue that the current era is a computer age which dominate scientific and academic fields, and thus have formed a new language used in most of life disciplines. Since the architecture is the reflected mirror of the culture, social and technological development over the centuries, it has become a fertile ground in which various disciplines interact from the generation of the idea, till building construction. Many schools of architecture try to catch up with this trend by inclusion of computer studies into their educational curriculum to fit what is required from students in the exercise of the profession, without looking deeply at what can affect the design thinking productivity. This paper presents an evaluation study of the architectural design education by applying a performance comparison between students using the sketching as a design tool during conceptual phase of design vs. students using digital means to accomplish the design mission, in order to detect the impact of digital medium on the degree of productivity of design thoughts during that phase and its returns positively or negatively on the overall productive thinking during the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the effect of ultrasonic waves on sedimentation characteristic of activated sludge and there causes on filamentous growth, as well as its effects on the sludge ability dewaterability. The power of ultrasonic waves was set at (0.35W/cm²) while the frequency and contacts time was varied to (31'44'55 KHz) (10·'20·'30·40 min) respectively. An instrument with (0.5 L) in volume was used to applied ultrasonic waves, it was connected by plastic tube with a completely mixed activated sludge reactor. Testes shows that the relationship between contacts time of ultrasonic and sludge volume index (SVI) was a sagged curve with an optimum point, that's means there was a specific contacts time to achieved an optimum sedimentation characteristics at specific frequency. As well as Testes shows that the relationship between contacts time and specific resistance (r) was a linear in first order, that's indicates the ability of dewaterability of sludge decreased with the increasing of ultrasonic contacts time. Also results shows that the effect of ultrasonic waves on activated sludge related conversely with its frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigate the effect of distance on the Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) for text dependent speaker identification. Three stages are used for three different distances from the microphone (1m, 2m, and 3m). The set of feature extraction used here include Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), Bark frequency cepstral coefficient (BFCC) and linear predictive cepstral coefficient (LPCC). These features are obtained from 20 speakers (10 adults and 10 children) ;all spoke five Arabic words in 5 seconds. The set of classification includes two types GMM and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). Total results show that MFCC has the best performance in feature extraction, and GMM has better recognition than MLP as total recognition in GMM is 93.15% and recognition in MLP is 88.06%.The results show also that the recognition rate decreases from 93.15% to 80.82% as the distance is increased from 1m to 3m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with real time DC motor speed control, using the low-cost new generation TMS320LF2812 digital signal processor (DSP). An optimal control algorithm which can be realized through event manager (EV) module of the DSP is proposed. According to the error signal DSP processor will change the duty cycle of the PWM (which can be named mark-space ratio). The comparison between two signals (reference and actual speed) in addition to the PWM technique are included in a C++ language program. Code composer studio (CCS) is used to load and run the program to achieve real time control. Theoretically Matlab/Simulink software was used for simulation the proposed circuit before implementation. A PID controller is designed using MATLAB to generate a set of coefficients associated with the desired controller characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaling factor tuning is one of the most used method to enhance the performance of a fuzzy controller. This paper presents two intelligent tuning strategies to tune this factor. In the first strategy, a supervisor fuzzy controller SFC was designed to continuously adjust, on line, the scaling factor of the basic fuzzy controller BFC based on the error and change of error signals. In the second strategy, a neural network NN is used to do this task. Performance of the tuning strategies are compared with corresponding conventional fuzzy controller in terms of several performance measures such as steady state error, settling time, rising time, and peak overshoot. Simulation results show that SFC performance is better. The system implementation and tests are carried out using LabVIEW (V 8.2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) is normally used to efficiently compute the pixels (picture elements) for a straight line segment which can be used to represent it in a frame buffer or image memory. The calculated integer values of x and y for each pixel are used to address the memory while the color or intensity of the line segment presents the data to memory. The pixels in the frame buffer can then be read in a synchronized manner, while scanning the screen, and displayed on the computer monitor to show the straight line. This paper presents a new Digital Differential Analyzer as a three dimension (3D) version of the traditional (2D) one. There is a need to the 3D-DDA for the solution of the hidden surface problem in the image space when using depth or Z buffer method in the field of 3D computer graphics. A hardware implementation of the 3D-DDA is accomplished for the real time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the thermal performances of a forced draft counter flow wet cooling tower by using two filled , the first one is made locally from the galvanized packing have a cross-sectional area of (0.3m * 0.3m) with a height of 0.5m and consists of six galvanized sheets having a zigzag form disposed by metallic vertical grids in parallel with a sectional test. The second is made from corrugated plastic with the same cross-sectional area . In present work the effect of each of the air and water flow rates on the cooling water section as well as the tower characteristic, heat rejected and the Cooling range for different inlet water temperatures were studied . From the experimental readings obtained we found that the temperature of inlet hot water to the cooling tower effected in the tower performance concerning amount of heat rejected and the Cooling range . In addition , the experimental result showed that the tower Characteristic increases by using packing made from galvanized about 15% comparing with plastic packing at the same operation conditions . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a laboratory plant was constructed and operated in order to assess the effect of stages; detention times and depth of filter on the performance of the upflow anaerobic biological filter that treating domestic grey water. The experimental plant was consisted of two upflow anaerobic filters; the first one operates with a single stage, while the second one was with two stages. Crushed gravels were used as a medium for growing the biological organisms. The two filters were worked simultaneously in continuous flow regime at hydraulic detention times of 12, 18 and 24 hours using greywater samples with COD concentration between 190-350 mg/l. The results showed that the two stages filter was more efficient than the single stage filter. The COD and BOD removals were (55.5, 62.7, 75.3)% and (57.2, 67.4, 78.2)% for the detention times of (12, 18 and 24) hours respectively. While the COD and BOD removals were (67.7, 54.8, 39.1)% and (73.2, 60.5, 44.8)% for the first filter and at the same detention times respectively. The two filters were also efficient in removing the suspended solids. Increasing depth of filter has a little influence on the performance efficiency. Depth of (0.3) m was considered the most effective height by which the quickest COD removal is performed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand on installing small generating units had resulted in focusing on advanced concern of distributed generation (DG) units located at specific points of the electrical distribution grid as a mean of reduction in real power losses. This issue had been dealt with many techniques over the last decades. This research paper is taking Genetic Algorithm technique into consideration as one of the most efficient tools in calculating the optimum value of these DG units added to the grid locations suffering from loading effect based voltage drop at the minimum real power loss. This research is also concerning the impact of increasing number of locations of DG units added to the grid the percentage of reduction in real power loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research tries to explain the effect of Ottoman mosques architecture on Mosul's mosques architecture which had been erected or restored during the Ottomans era. Some arguments and claims supposed that a direct effect emerged within this case while the finding of this paper based on the analysis of a purposive sample of the study population indicates that this effect is too limited and the domestic identity of Mosul mosques architecture during this era still keeping its own character . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]