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Aims: To investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Salvadora Persica extract on HSV–1 infectionboth in vitro and in vivo in the mouse model system. Materials and methods: Ethanolic extract ofSalvadora Persica was used at different concentrations. BHK cells that grown in Eagles medium wereused for virus isolation and titration using PFU/ml. The effects of different concentrations of SalvadoraPersica on viral growth in BHK cells as well as cytolytic activity of HSV–1 were evaluated at differenttime post infection. The therapeutic efficacy of Salvadora Persica in vivo was studied in mice. Lesionswere scored and viral isolation from infected skin and ganglia was titrated on BHK cells. Results:Salvadora Persica inhibited the replication of HSV–1 in BHK cells as well as the cytolytic activity ofcell free virus. Topical application of Salvadora Persica on the skin of mice infected with HSV–1reduced the development of cutaneous lesions and the viral titers in the skin and ganglia were alsoreduced. Conclusion: The results of this work may be beneficial for the treatment of recurrent oralherpes infections.

Aim: To asses the effects of topical application of aqueous extract of either Propolis or Miswak on the post–operative outcomes in relation to the duration of operation after surgical removal of lower third molar was performed. Material and Methods: A total of 97 patients participated and distributed randomly into 3 groups according to the medicament applied into the extraction socket: Group I, in which 5% aqueous solution of propolis extract used; group II, in which 10% aqueous solution of Miswak extract used; and group III, in which distilled water used (control group). Results: A significant improvement in post–operative outcome at 3rd day in both group I and II comparing to group III was observed. No significant difference noticed at 1st day and 6th day. Assessment of dry socket showed no significant difference in between the three study groups. However, when assessment performed in relation with operation time, a significant difference noticed in between the three study groups with high incidence of dry socket reported in operation take longer than 30 minutes in the three study groups. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Miswak and Propolis as a topical medicament following lower third molar extraction had a slight reducing effect on the severity of post–operative complications.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 10% water extraction of Salvadora persica (Miswak) when used clinically as an endodontic irrigant. Twenty four uniradicular teeth with necrotic pulps were chosen. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups: Experimental group, in which water extract of Salvadora persica (10%) was used as a root canal irrigant; and control group, in which distilled water was used as a root canal irrigant. Bacteriological samples were obtained from the canal at the step of working length determination (before the canal was subjected to instrumentation and irrigation procedures), and at the end of the biomechanical instrumentation procedures by using a sterile K–file. The file was separated from the handle using a sterile wire cutter, and the severed portion was placed in a sterile screw–capped vial containing 5 ml of thioglycollate broth as a transport media. A 0.1 ml of thioglycollate broth was inoculated on each of two brain–heart infusion agar plates: One plate was incubated under aerobic conditions, and the other was incubated under anaerobic conditions using anaerobic jar and gas pack anaerobic system. Both plates were incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours; then, the number of bacterial colonies was counted. The results revealed that 10% water extraction of Salvadora persica is an effective antimicrobial agent when utilized clinically as an irrigant in the endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps.