4,780 results
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2. Microfluidic flow modulation with digitized sizing pattern in Xuan paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Jose H. Lizama, Hsiu-Yang Tseng, Yi-Wei Shen, and Chiu-Jen Chen
- Subjects
Xuan paper ,Alum-glue ,Flow modulation ,Patternability ,Wicking profile ,Paper-based microfluidics ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Spatially resolved fluid-flow modulation and its corresponding integration becomes a crucial aspect to consider when designing high-performing paper-based analytical devices. As such, high demand exists for cost-effective techniques able to selectively control flow in patternable regions of the device. In this regard, a solution composed of potassium alum and animal glue; sizing materials used in the fabrication of calligraphy Xuan paper, is successfully adapted for the first time in a revolutionary approach to efficiently modulate the capillary flow in paper microfluidic channels. Flow delays are achieved by coating the substrate systematically through the variation of parameters such as the ratio of alum to glue, the concentration of alum-glue in the solution, and the number of subsequent coating layers of alum-glue. Moreover, digitized patterning with alum-glue is developed to achieve programmable wicking profiles of accelerating, decelerating, and quasi-linear flow displacement by alternating coated and uncoated zones in the channel. Additionally, the influence of alum-glue when performing biometric assays is investigated by performing a horseradish peroxidase activity colorimetric assay and found to have negligible effects on reading, where a negligible difference of 5.2% was observed in an assay performed in a coated paper substrate, compared to an uncoated one.
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- 2022
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3. Silver nanoparticle inkjet-printed multiband antenna on synthetic paper material for flexible devices
- Author
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Hattan F. Abutarboush
- Subjects
Flexible antenna ,Paper antenna ,Multiband antenna ,Inkjet-printed antenna ,Silver nanoparticles ,Materials for antennas ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Flexible inkjet-printed antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is designed on a synthetic paper substrate with an area of 35 × 40 mm2 to provide frequency bands for many popular wireless applications. Simulation and measurement are used to study the performances, including the frequency bands, radiation patterns, peak gains and efficiency, of the antenna in two severely bending conditions with a curvature radius of 20 mm in the forward and backward directions. The antenna printed in photo papers material could not be fully flexible due to cracks introduced to the coating material on the surface of the photo paper. Hence, the resin coated material was only suitable for curved devices. The synthetic paper material used in this paper does not have a resin coating, therefore, the antenna does not lose its flexibility and can be bent in both the forward and backward directions without any cracks. Results show that bending in these two conditions has insignificant effects on the performances of the antenna. With a curvature radius of 20 mm in the forward direction, the measured peak gain and efficiency of the antenna are in the ranges from −3 to +2 dBi and 40% to 60%, respectively. The results together with the low cost make the antenna most suitable for many flexible 5G communications devices.
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- 2022
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4. A paper quality and comment consistency detection model based on feature dimensionality reduction
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Sheng, Xinlei, Huo, Wenjie, Zhang, Caijun, Zhang, Xin, and Han, Yang
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- 2022
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5. Microfluidic flow modulation with digitized sizing pattern in Xuan paper-based analytical devices
- Author
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Lizama, Jose H., Tseng, Hsiu-Yang, Shen, Yi-Wei, and Chen, Chiu-Jen
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Silver nanoparticle inkjet-printed multiband antenna on synthetic paper material for flexible devices
- Author
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Abutarboush, Hattan F.
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- 2022
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7. A paper quality and comment consistency detection model based on feature dimensionality reduction
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Xinlei Sheng, Wenjie Huo, Caijun Zhang, Xin Zhang, and Yang Han
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Emotion analysis ,XGBoost ,Neighbourhood component analysis ,ReliefF algorithm ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
As a reflection of the scholar's mastery of basic theories and professional knowledge, the dissertation is an important yardstick for measuring the level of scientific research. At present, the problem of academic misconduct is becoming increasingly prominent, which is not only related to personal academic ethics, but also related to the overall development of the national academic and scientific research field. In the traditional method of evaluating the quality of papers, it is mainly based on the evaluation experts' comments and scores. However, there are cases that the evaluation experts' comments and scores are inconsistent in practice. To address this problem, we proposed a paper quality consistency detection model based on the nearest neighbor analysis dimensionality reduction algorithm. Compared with other traditional models, the experimental results show that the detection accuracy of XGBoost model after dimensionality reduction using nearest neighbor analysis algorithm reaches 85.81%.
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- 2022
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8. Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing.
- Author
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Tihin, Gertruth Leevhan, Mo, Kim Hung, Onn, Chiu Chuen, Ong, Hwai Chyuan, Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., and Lee, Hwei Voon
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CLEAN energy ,PLASTIC scrap ,WASTE paper ,HYDROTHERMAL carbonization ,SOLID waste ,WASTE management ,SOLID waste management - Abstract
[Display omitted] The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF's physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (<10 %), Chloride (Cl) (<0.80 – 1.00 %), Sulphate (S) (<1.50 %), Nitrate (N) (<1.00 %). As the development of upgraded MSW to RDF is still new in the commercial phase, there is minimal information and data on the techno-economic analysis, as well as recent industrial-scale of thermos-chemical conversion technologies for RDF preparation. Hence, the present work provides a clear picture on overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, MSW composition, MSW pretreatment, and application as co-processing in cement industry are discussed. Besides, recent thermochemical upgrading process (torrefaction, dry carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization) of MSW from R&D to commercial scale was further highlighted. In summary, this review serves as basic criterion and strategies to explore the new path of upgrading the waste into RDF for the purpose of sustainable energy recovery that adopting in circular carbon economy framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Power transformer insulation system: A review on the reactions, fault detection, challenges and future prospects
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Vimal Angela Thiviyanathan, Pin Jern Ker, Yang Sing Leong, Fairuz Abdullah, Aiman Ismail, and Md. Zaini Jamaludin
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Optical detection ,Power transformer ,Transformer fault ,Insulation paper ,Oil degradation ,Paper degradation ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Power transformer is one of the main equipment in power transmission and distribution network. Thus, it is important to ensure optimal operation of power transformer for an efficient supply of energy to utilities. One of the main components of a power transformer is the transformer insulation system, namely, transformer insulation oil and transformer insulation paper. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the reactions that occur in the insulation system of the power transformer. These include, oxidation, hydrolysis, pyrolysis, partial discharge, and arcing. The reaction mechanisms, conditions and the relationship between these reactions are thoroughly analysed in this review. Apart from that, this review also provides an inclusive discussion on the state-of-the-art methods used to monitor the byproducts formed from the mentioned reactions. These methods were developed to overcome the limitation of conventional methods that are complex and costly. Moreover, it presents an impartial evaluation of the challenges and prospects in making the power transformer monitoring system more efficient in terms of cost and time. Information corroborated in this review is expected to provide an important roadmap for future research in monitoring the condition of power transformer.
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- 2022
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10. Promotion effect of hydrogen addition in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends
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Boonlue Sawatmongkhon, Kampanart Theinnoi, Sak Sittichompoo, Thawatchai Wongchang, Teerapong Iamcheerangkoon, and Sirisak Phugot
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inorganic chemicals ,Biodiesel ,HC-SCR ,Chemistry ,H2 effect ,General Engineering ,Renewable fuel ,Selective catalytic reduction ,Renewable fuels ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Combustion ,Diesel engine ,complex mixtures ,Diesel emissions ,NOx emission ,Diesel fuel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrogen oxide ,TA1-2040 ,NOx - Abstract
Ethanol and palm oil biodiesel blended with diesel fuel have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and can gradually decrease dependence on fossil fuels. However, the combustion products from these fuels, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), total hydrocarbons (THC) and particulate matter (PM), require to be examined and any beneficial or detrimental effect to the environment needs to be assessed. This study investigates the hydrocarbon selective catalyst reduction (HC-SCR) activities by the effect of combustion using renewable fuels (biodiesel-ethanol-diesel) blends and the effect of hydrogen addition to the catalyst, with the various diesel engine operating conditions. Lower values rate of heat released were recorded as the ethanol fraction increases, resulting in trade-off where, lower NOx was produced while greater concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and THC was measured in the exhaust. Consequently, increasing the THC/NOx promoting the NOx reduction activity (up to 43%). Additionally, the HC-SCR performance was greatly heightened when hydrogen was added into the catalyst and able to improve the NOx reduction activity up to 73%. The experiment demonstrated plausible alternatives to improve the HC-SCR performance through the aids from fuel blends and hydrogen addition.
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- 2022
11. Prospective peat swamp water as growth medium for microalgal cultivation and kinetic study
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Amun Amri, Meilana Dharma Putra, Doni Rahmat Wicakso, Padil, Iryanti Fatyasari Nata, Zulfarina, and Chairul Irawan
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Peat ,Photoperiod ,Culture ,Gompertz function ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,Swamp ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biofuel ,Photosynthesis ,Nutrition ,geography ,Growth medium ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Lipid ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Nitrogen ,Renewable energy ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,business - Abstract
Microalgae as source of renewable energy are very potential due to high biomass productivity and lipid content. The nutritious culture for microalgae cultivation, however, should be concerned to be affordable and feasible. Here, the utilization of peat swamp culture for microalgal cultivation was studied in comparison to the nutritious pure water. The effects of photoperiod and nitrogen sources on biomass were conducted as well. Compared to the commercial microalgae, the microalgae isolated from peat swamp showed excellent performance with the faster growth time of 10 days as well as higher biomass and its productivity of 1.72 g L−1 and 0.16 g L−1 d−1, respectively. Even for the commercial microalgae, the cultivation process using the peat swamp water led to increase in biomass by 17.2% and its productivity by 10% compared to that using the nutritious pure water. The proposed kinetic model with a modification to the modified Gompertz model showed an excellent prediction with the experimental data as R2 of 0.985 was obtained. The model could well envisage the initial biomass and lag phase compared to the original model. Hence, the model is deemed beneficial for the research development for implementation in high scale of microalgal cultivation.
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- 2022
12. Comparative investigation of RSM and ANN for multi-response modeling and optimization studies of derived chitosan from Archachatina marginata shell
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O.A. Olafadehan and V.E. Bello
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Artificial neural network ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Chitosan ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,Error function ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Response surface methodology ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Effluent ,Archachatina marginata ,Garson and Olden algorithms ,biology ,Extraction (chemistry) ,General Engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Yield (chemistry) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The design of this paper was to investigate comparatively the optimization techniques of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) when applied to the conditions for chitosan production from Archachatina marginata shell and the % removal of methylene blue, MB, from synthetic textile wastewater. The proposed RSM and ANN models are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA). The optimum conditions for the extraction processes of chitosan and % removal of MB are determined and the derived chitosan at optimized conditions is characterized using analytical techniques. The ANN portrays better modeling abilities than RSM for the responses. The predicted values of % yield of chitosan, % DD and % removal of MB are obtained as 51.56, 98.68 and 94.71 respectively using the RSM-GA technique while the ANN-GA technique predicted 45.32%, 91.96% and 95.96% respectively. The experimental values of the responses are in excellent agreement with the ANN-GA predicted values with % errors being 1.8, 1.2 and 1.19 respectively. Hence, the conditions of chitosan production from Archachatina marginata shell and its bioremediation capacity of synthetic wastewater from textile industry can be adequately and accurately optimized and modeled using ANN-GA for routine seafood applications and treatment of industrial wastewater effluents.
- Published
- 2021
13. The use of shredded plastic wastes in Alker production and its effect on compressive strength and shrinkage properties
- Author
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Ayse Pekrioglu Balkis, Aya Ahmad, and Kenechi Kurtis Onochie
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Shredded plastic wastes ,Materials science ,Gypsum ,Crack propagation ,Linear shrinkage ,General Engineering ,Fracture mechanics ,Building material ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Alker ,Compressive strength ,Research studies ,engineering ,TA1-2040 ,Shrinkage - Abstract
Earthen buildings have gained popularity in recent years due to their eco-friendly sustainability approach in both materials and production technique. The materials' availability, ease of construction, and energy efficiency contribute to the utilization of wastes and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Gypsum and shredded plastic wastes are utilized in the production of modified Alker which is an improved earthen building. X-ray Powder Diffraction analysis is performed on the soil to obtain the basic elements in the soil, which show significant Magnesia content. The research studies the mechanical properties in Alker having 6% clay and modified with different percentages of SPW content by dry weight of the soil; 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. The mechanical properties of matrix modified with 1% SPW show the best results. In addition, linear shrinkage tests are performed on the control and modified sample. The optimum sample modified with 1% SPW show significant reduction in linear shrinkage which is consistent with the crack analysis result performed using Matlab R2018a. It is observed that the optimum sample of 1% SPW has limited crack propagation compared to the other samples. Alker modified with shredded plastic wastes has shown to be a sustainable building material with improved properties.
- Published
- 2022
14. Exergy study of amine regeneration unit for diethanolamine used in refining gas sweetening: A real start-up plant
- Author
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Fatma H. Ashour, Rania Farouq, Ahmed Y. Ibrahim, and Mamdouh A. Gadalla
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Exergy ,Diethanolamine ,Energy ,Refining ,Oil refinery ,General Engineering ,Cooker ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Refinery ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,DEA ,Exergy efficiency ,Amine regeneration unit ,Exergy destruction ,Environmental science ,Sour gas ,TA1-2040 ,Refining (metallurgy) ,Evaporative cooler - Abstract
Diethanolamine (DEA) solutions are used in refineries to sweeten gas. DEA is responsible for absorbing H2S from sour gas. In an Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU), the rich amine with H2S is regenerated. A refining column in the Middle East started commercial production in 2020. Using Aspen HYSYS V.11, an amine regeneration unit in the refinery that supplies lean amine to the delayed cooker unit for gas sweetening was simulated, and an exergy study was performed on various equipment. Exergy is destroyed in an irreversible process, while energy is converted from one type to another. The sum of the physical and chemical exergy is the total exergy. The chemical exergy was calculated using a series of equations embedded in Excel, while the physical exergy was calculated using HYSYS. The DEA concentration used is 25 wt%. Each equipment's exergy destruction rates, destruction efficiency, and percentage share of destruction were determined. The regenerator had the highest destruction rate of 2144.11 kW and an 80.21 percent share of total destruction. With a value of 326.00 kW and a percentage share of 12.20 percent of total destruction, the air cooler has the second-highest exergy rate. Exergy has a 99.70 percent overall efficiency. Due to system losses, the DEA concentration fell from 25% to 20% of the design value. The regenerator had the highest destruction rate of 2616.74 kW followed by the air cooler with a value of 294.61 kW. In DEA 20%, an exergy analysis was carried out. Exergy research showed the same percentage share distribution for equipment at a concentration of 20 DEA wt. percent. To find related equipment relationships, the results of the unit's exergy analysis were compared to those of another ARU exergy study at the same refinery plant. The regenerators were found to have the highest exergy destruction of the two units with a percentage share of the overall destruction reaching 80% followed by the air coolers with values reaching 9%.
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- 2022
15. Extraction of lyophilized olive mill wastewater using supercritical CO2 processes
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Imen Dali, Lioua Kolsi, Marko Stamenic, Abdelkarim Aydi, Daniel Ricardo Delgado, Kaouther Ghachem, Abderrabba Manef, and Irena Zizovic
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01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Chemical composition ,Sovova’s model ,Olive mill wastewater ,Supercritical carbon dioxide ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Modeling ,General Engineering ,Supercritical fluid extraction ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Supercritical CO2 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Lipids ,040401 food science ,6. Clean water ,Supercritical fluid ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,Hexane ,Wastewater ,13. Climate action ,Sovova's model ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The olive growing in Tunisia has an economic dominance and agricultural importance. However, the huge extraction of olive oil generates a large quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is discharged to the surroundings. The highly polluting potential (organic load) of OMW threatens the environment and requires an urgent solution. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a green extraction method that can be applied to purify OMW and, at the same time, to isolate a high quality oil from this wastewater. In order to explore and to valorize the compositions of Olive mill wastewater (OMW), extraction in different solvents (supercritical CO2, hexane) was carried out and chemical composition of the extracted oils were established by GC-FID. The Tunisia OMW were collected from two different zones namely Sousse and Sfax. In this work, we have investigated the effects pressure (P) and temperature (T) on the yield and the quality of oil. The suitable conditions for the extraction of oil from lyophilized OMW by Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were found to be the pressure of 30 MPa and the temperature of 60 °C. In order to simulate the process, the model of broken and intact cells (Sovova’s model) was applied. The model well represented the experimental data. Oil yields ranged from 21.3 % to 33.87 % depending on the extraction solvent used. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the major compounds of the oils, based on the fatty acid analysis. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the chemical compositions vary from one region to another, extraction solvent as well as the conditions of pressure and temperature.
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- 2022
16. An integrated rotating biological contactor and membrane separation process for domestic wastewater treatment
- Author
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Zakaria Man, Chalida Klaysom, Asim Laeeq Khan, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Juhana Jaafar, and Sharjeel Waqas
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Membrane fouling ,Materials science ,Shear rate ,020209 energy ,Wastewater treatment ,02 engineering and technology ,Rotating biological contactor ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Membrane technology ,law.invention ,Energy audit ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Bioreactor ,Turbidity ,Filtration ,General Engineering ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Membrane ,Hydrodynamics ,Sewage treatment ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major bottleneck of almost all pressure-driven membrane filtration processes that limits their widespread applications. Improvement of hydrodynamics conditions is one of the most effective methods for membrane fouling control. This paper assesses a rotating biological contactor (RBC) integrated with membrane (RBC-MI) filtration that potentially offers inherent membrane fouling control as well as enhances biological performance, in which the membrane is placed inside the RBC bioreactor. Results show that the RBC-MI system achieves 84% of COD, 96.7% ammonium, 74% total nitrogen, 89% total phosphorus, and 96% turbidity removals. The integration of membrane placed inside the bioreactor doubles the permeability as compared to the external placement. Higher hydraulic performance is achieved at the low membrane-to-disk gap and higher disk rotational speed. The energy analysis shows that the RBC-MI consumes only 0.18 kWhm−3 signifying its viability as promission option to the energy-intensive conventional treatment systems.
- Published
- 2020
17. An integrated cost based approach for warehouse performance evaluation: A new multiphase model.
- Author
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Chen, Ning, Liu, Qilei, Stević, Željko, Andrejić, Milan, and Pajić, Vukašin
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GROUP decision making ,DATA envelopment analysis ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,INTERVAL analysis ,WAREHOUSE management ,WAREHOUSES - Abstract
Warehouses represent key links in domestic and international commodity flows. The increasing shortage of workers and increasing costs on the one hand, and the increasing number and stricter demands of users on the other hand lead warehouse managers to realize their operations as efficiently as possible. A proposed model has an objective of enabling companies to monitor warehouse performance in an authoritative, reliable, and simple way and define appropriate corrective measures accordingly. The proposed empirical research consists of three stages, where in the first stage a combination of Principal Component Analysis-Data Envelopment Analysis methods was applied in order to determine efficient warehouses based on 90 decision making units. In the second phase, a completely new method called Interval Fuzzy Rough Pivot Pair-wise Relative Criteria Importance Assessment method used for determining criteria weights was developed and applied, which is one of the most important novelties of this study. In the last phase, the Interval Fuzzy Rough Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution method was applied to rank the alternatives. Twelve criteria were observed to evaluate 21 alternatives. Based on the results, it was concluded that salary stood out as the most important criterion, while amortization stood out as the least significant criterion. On the other hand, alternatives A9 and A10 stood out as the best-ranked alternatives while A1, A2, and A3 stood out as the least efficient ones. The paper provides clear scientific contributions that are reflected in the reduction of the gap that was observed after reviewing the literature where there is a lack of papers dealing with this task. Also, the combination of methods applied in the paper has not been used so far, so it can be said that this paper represents an excellent basis for further research. The model has practical contributions as it allows decision-makers to make quality decisions regarding the operation of their warehouses in different time periods or observation periods, as well as it represents a decision support tool that can be used for better warehouse management. • New model for warehouse performance evaluation has been proposed. • An integrated PCA-DEA-IFR PIPRECIA-IFR MARCOS Model was developed. • New approach IFR PIPRECIA was developed and presented in literature for first time. • The model enables more accurate and precise decision-making in logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Bayesian and classical inference of univariate maximum Harris extended Rayleigh model with applications.
- Author
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Alhelali, Marwan H. and Alsaedi, Basim S.O.
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RAYLEIGH model ,CONDITIONAL probability ,ERROR functions ,BAYESIAN field theory ,CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
In the literature, modifying the baseline distributions and proposing novel approach of the existing probability models play an important role in the analysis of real-world phenomena as well as the development of new distributions essentially stems from the need to adequately characterize environmental and lifetime events. In this paper, we introduce a new model by applying maximum compound technique to the baseline distributions for modeling more types data used in different case of studies including symmetric, asymmetric, skewed and complex data sets. The proposed model called univariate maximum Harris extended Rayleigh distribution and three parameters characterize it, and it is regarded as strong competitor for widely applied symmetrical and non symmetrical models. The paper offers varied fundamental distributional and mathematical properties of the suggested distribution, such as conditional probability and its expectation, as well as quantile and moment-generating functions. The model's parameters are estimated by applying numerous procedures including maximum likelihood estimation, Expectation–Maximization iterative method and Bayesian approach. Bayesian estimation is performed via various loss functions such as square error, Linex and general entropy functions. As well as, approximate and Bootstrap methods are used to construct the confidence interval for the unknown parameters of the proposed model. Additionally, we illustrated different extensive simulation experiments to see the potential of the suggested estimation methods which give satisfactory performance results. In the end, we applied two real data sets for illustrative purposes. In our illustration, we have compared the practicality of the recommended model with several well-known competing distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Self-adaptive hybrid mutation slime mould algorithm: Case studies on UAV path planning, engineering problems, photovoltaic models and infinite impulse response.
- Author
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Zhang, Yu-Jun, Wang, Yu-Fei, Yan, Yu-Xin, Zhao, Juan, and Gao, Zheng-Ming
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IMPULSE response ,PARAMETER identification ,BLENDED learning ,ENGINEERING ,PROBLEM solving - Abstract
There are many classic highly complex optimization problems in the world, therefore, it is still necessary to find an applicable and effective algorithm to solve these problems. In this paper, self-adaptive hybrid cross mutation slime mold algorithm is proposed, which is AHCSMA, to solve these problems efficiently. Specifically, there are three innovations in this paper: (i) new self-adaptive Cauchy mutation operator is developed to improve the mutation ability of the population; (ii) the crossover rate balance mechanism is proposed to make up for the neglected relationship between individuals and crossover rates. Then the differential vector information between the dominant individual and other individuals in the population is highly utilized to increase the evolution speed of the algorithm; (iii) self-adaptive restart hybrid opposition learning is designed to alleviate the situation where the algorithm falls into local optimality. To verify the competitive of AHCSMA, UAV path planning problems, engineering problems, nonlinear parameter extraction of photovoltaic model problems and parameter identification problems of highly nonlinear infinite impulse response are used to test the ability of the AHCSMA, accumulation more than 50 algorithms are used as comparison algorithms, and results report that AHCSMA is extremely competitive and performs better when optimizing these real-life problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Optuna-DFNN: An Optuna framework driven deep fuzzy neural network for predicting sintering performance in big data.
- Author
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Li, Yifan, Cao, Yanpeng, Yang, Jintang, Wu, Mingyu, Yang, Aimin, and Li, Jie
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ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,FUZZY neural networks ,BLAST furnaces ,BIG data ,SINTERING ,COST control ,PREDICTION models - Abstract
Sintering performance index can reflect the quality of sintered ore, and the level of sintered ore performance directly affects the stability of blast furnace production. Accurate prediction of sinter performance metrics is essential to optimise sinter quality, improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Based on the sintering big data, this paper proposes the Optuna-DFNN model by combining the fuzzy neural network algorithm, the deep neural network algorithm and the Optuna framework to address the problems of difficulty in tuning the parameter, lack of self-learning ability, and poor generalisation of the model of the traditional method when faced with the input of multiple parameters. The paper predicts the four prediction indexes of yield rate, return fines ratio, drum index and RDI +3.15 respectively. Among them, the relative error of the prediction of the yield rate is within 1.3 %, the relative error of the prediction of the return fines ratio is within 2.8 %, the relative error of the prediction of the drum index is within 0.32 %, and the relative error of the prediction of the RDI +3.15 is within 1.4 %. The results indicate that the Optuna-DFNN model has better performance in predicting sintering performance metrics. Based on the Optuna-DFNN sintered ore performance prediction model, the quality of sintered ore can be accurately predicted, the sintering process parameters can be adjusted in a timely manner, the sintering process can be optimized, and the utilization coefficient of sintering can be improved. Provide a reference for the optimisation of production processes, with a positive impact on cost reduction, environmental protection and increased sustainability of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Investigation of space-time dynamics of perturbed and unperturbed Chen-Lee-Liu equation: Unveiling bifurcations and chaotic structures.
- Author
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Imran, Mudassar, Jhangeer, Adil, Ansari, Ali R., Riaz, Muhammad Bilal, and Ghazwani, Hassan Ali
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TIME series analysis ,SPACETIME ,LYAPUNOV exponents ,DYNAMICAL systems ,NONLINEAR equations - Abstract
In this paper, the fractional space-time nonlinear Chen-Lee-Liu equation has been considered using various methods. The investigation of the transition from periodic to quasi-periodic behavior has been conducted using a saddle-node bifurcation approach. The paper reports the conditions of multi-dimensional bifurcations of dynamical solutions. Additionally, a direct algebraic method has been used to calculate various 2D and 3D solitonic structures of the equation, and an analysis of their accuracy and effectiveness has been conducted. Furthermore, the Galilean transformation has been used to convert the equation into a planar dynamical system, which is further utilized to obtain bifurcations and chaotic structures. Chaotic structures of perturbed dynamical system are observed and detected through chaos detecting tools such as 2D-phase portrait, 3D-phase portrait, time series analysis, multistability and Lyapunov exponents over time. Further, sensitivity behavior for a range of initial conditions, both perturbed and unperturbed. The results suggest that the investigated equation exhibits a higher degree of multi-stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Handover management procedures for future generations mobile heterogeneous networks.
- Author
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Sonmez, Safak, Kaptan, Kenan Furkan, Tunç, Muhammet Ali, Shayea, Ibraheem, El-Saleh, Ayman A., and Saoud, Bilal
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,USER experience ,MILLIMETER waves - Abstract
Handover (HO) management in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) poses challenges arising from network densification and dynamic environmental behaviors. Existing HO decision algorithms struggle to efficiently utilize network resources and ensure a high-quality user experience amidst the complexity of HetNets and the burgeoning growth of mobile users. This paper introduces a robust and data-driven HO decision model designed to enhance HO performance in HetNets. Initially, a conventional HO decision algorithm is developed based on users' Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) values in MATLAB. Various simulation cases explore different HO parameters to observe their impact on handover performance. To address these challenges, a data-driven HO decision model leveraging Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a deep learning technique, is proposed for the regression task. The LSTM model is trained and tested using obtained RSRP values, and the future RSRP values predicted by the model are employed to trigger HO decisions in the proposed algorithm. Results from the traditional HO decision algorithm are compared with those of the proposed machine learning-based approach across various simulation runs, considering average Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), RSRP, user throughput values, the number of HOs and the Radio Link Failure (RLF) ratio. Different user speeds are also considered to establish a relationship between HO frequency and mobile user speed. The proposed model achieved reducing the rate of radio link failure to levels that are deemed acceptable in order to ensure a continuous connection. • HO management in HetNets is challenging due to network densification and dynamic environmental behaviors. • Existing HO decision algorithms are unable to efficiently ensure a high-quality user experience in HetNets. • The paper introduces a robust and data-driven HO decision model aimed at improving HO performance in HetNets. • To address the limitations of the traditional approach, a data-driven HO decision model is proposed based on LSTM. • The proposed algorithm's advantages and disadvantages are assessed based on the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Part I: Enzymatic treatment of Bamboo, Bamboo/Cotton knitted fabric using brewer’s yeast suspension
- Author
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Hala Shawky El-Khatib, Rasha Mohammed Atia, Alaa Arafa Badr, and Walaa Ali Diyab
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Bamboo ,Materials science ,biology ,020209 energy ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,0103 physical sciences ,Brazilwood ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,biology.protein ,Amylase ,Lipase ,Dyeing ,TA1-2040 ,Natural dye - Abstract
In this paper, the optimization of the bio-treatment of bamboo and bamboo/cotton knitted fabrics using brewer’s yeast suspension has been accomplished. After enzymatic treatment, the dyeing operation by using Brazilwood natural type was applied. This comprehensive paper is focused on studying the factors that could influence the bio-treatment like concentration of enzyme, pH value of the bio-treatment bath, temperature and duration of treatment to set the best conditions of the treatment process. The influence of changing these factors on fabric colour strength and wettability was investigated. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) analysis was performed for bamboo and bamboo/cotton samples after pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo, in order to have a better understanding of the morphology. This microscopic inspection was carried out to inspect the surface features of the fabrics. Results have shown that the growing in colour strength caused by the bio-treatment with enzymes is referred to the enzyme extract which includes primarily lipase, amylase and protease enzymes that develop the fabric dyeability. Furthermore, the wettability was improved by applying enzymatic treatment, where the diffusion rate of the natural dye is increased for the bamboo and bamboo/cotton fabrics. Keywords: Amylase, Bamboo, Brewer’s yeast, Enzymatic treatment, Lipase, Protease enzyme
- Published
- 2019
24. Effect of emulsified fuel based on dual blend of Castor-Jatropha biodiesel on CI engine performance and emissions
- Author
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Yuvrajsinh Dabhi, Hardik Brahmbhatt, Sajan K. Chourasia, and Arnab Roy
- Subjects
020209 energy ,Jatropha ,Emulsified fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,Engine emission ,Diesel engine ,Combustion ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Diesel fuel ,Engine performance ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,NOx ,Biodiesel ,biology ,General Engineering ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Soot ,Dual biodiesel ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Over the years, the diesel engine has been used in several marines, automobiles, locomotives, and agriculture applications due to its high efficiency and high-power torque capacity. However, the use of a diesel engine increases the rate of harmful pollutants like soot and NOx. This study aims to reduce engine emissions while simultaneously enhancing engine performance by using dual biodiesel emulsified fuel. For the preparation of the test fuel, a B20 Castor - Jatropha biodiesel blend (10% Castor + 10% Jatropha + 80% Diesel v/v %) was selected. Furthermore, for the preparation of emulsified test fuel, the concentration of water (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 v/v %), surfactant (1, 2 v/v %) and HLB ratio (4.3, 5.3, 6) varies in the given range, respectively. During the experiment, parameters such as the stability of the fuel, engine performance, combustion, and emission analysis were carried out, comparing the test fuels with diesel. As the engine does not constantly operate at its full-rated load throughout its entire life, the results were therefore multiplied by the engine load factor. Our experiments demonstrated that the test fuel with a 5% water concentration formed the best-emulsified fuel. This fuel had a 14% higher BTE, 42% higher CO2, and ~60% lower NOx. Apart from this, the test fuel showed better combustion and performance characteristics than diesel and other emulsified fuels. The present work concludes that 20% of biodiesel, 2% surfactants, 5% water and 5.3 of HLB ratio shows reduced harmful engine emissions and improve engine performance.
- Published
- 2021
25. Comparison between the performance of activated sludge and sequence batch reactor systems for dairy wastewater treatment under different operating conditions
- Author
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Mai Fayed, Alaa.H. Khalaf, M.G. Eloffy, and W.A. Ibrahim
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Dairy wastewater ,020209 energy ,Batch reactor ,General Engineering ,Treatment method ,Sequencing batch reactor ,02 engineering and technology ,Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) ,01 natural sciences ,Temperature effects ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Biofilm activated sludge (BAS) ,Activated sludge (AS) ,Activated sludge ,Wastewater ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Bioreactor ,Sewage treatment ,TA1-2040 ,Effluent - Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the performance of two methods used for dairy wastewater treatment. First, conventional activated sludge (AS). Second, conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR). On one side, the study included the comparison between the two basic systems. On the other side, it studied the influence of adding plastic media on both systems. The modified systems are known as biofilm conventional activated sludge (BAS) and biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR). Four pilot-scale bioreactors, were operated in parallel under different conditions of temperature; 20, 35 and 45 °C. Synthetic dairy wastewater was used with characterizations of COD; 5000 mg/l, NH3-N; 250 mg/l and TP; 50 mg/l. The results recorded that the optimum temperature was 35 °C where removal efficiencies for COD were (93.52%, 96.63%, 94.74% and 97.79%), (89.01%, 91.14%, 90.45% and 93.22%) for NH3-N, and the concentration of NO3-N in effluents was (7.56 mg/l, 10.58 mg/l, 8.72 mg/l and 14.12 mg/l) for AS, BAS, SBR and BSBR respectively. At temperature equals to 45 °C; the oxygen consumption recorded the highest level of consumption, it was (1.07 mg/l, 1.64 mg/l, 0.98 mg/l and 1.23 mg/l) for AS, BAS, SBR and BSBR respectively. The results indicated that the sludge settleability was enhanced with the decrease of temperature. Furthermore GPS-X simulator was employed to predicting the performances of the biological systems under high COD concentrating reaching up to 17500 mg/l. GPS-X results indicated that SBR effluent could comply with Egyptian standard NO 2000. An overview, comparing with various treatment systems, it can be concluded that the SBR was the optimum treatment method for dairy wastewater based on the investigated conditions.
- Published
- 2021
26. Comparative study of submerged membrane bioreactor and extended aeration process coupled with tubesettler for hospital wastewater treatment
- Author
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Ahmed Ali Bindajam, Majed Alsubih, Nadeem A. Khan, Roohul Abad Khan, Javed Mallick, Aastha Dhingra, Saeed AlQadhi, Amadur Rahman Khan, Rachida El Morabet, and Sirajuddin Ahmed
- Subjects
Denitrification ,Extended Aeration ,Tubesettler ,020209 energy ,General Engineering ,Treatment efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,SMBR ,Membrane bioreactor ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,Hospital wastewater ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Wastewater ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Extended aeration ,Nitrification ,Aeration ,TA1-2040 ,Effluent - Abstract
There are a number of wastewater studies, however research work of hospital wastewater is still lacking. This is owing to low volume of wastewater as compared to municipal wastewater. Nevertheless, hospital wastewater is very distinct in nature as compared to wastewater of other origins particularly owing to various hospital related activities. Hence this study evaluated treatment performance of hospital wastewater using Submerged Membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and Extended aeration process. The investigation parameters for both treatment process was kept same for comparison of treatment efficiency of both processes. Additionally, Tubesettler was employed to enhance treatment efficiency. The treatment efficiency of both processes was low. However, encoupled with Tubesettler satisfactory results were obtained. The BOD5/COD ratio for SMBR effluent varied between 0.22 and 0.92 while for extended aeration process ratio ranged between 0.29 and 0.92. The increase in nitrate concentration in SMBR and EA indicated nitrification. But since the system was well aerated and no anoxic or anaerobic condition prevailed denitrification was not observed. The results of this study suggested that using hospital wastewater as seeding and as influent provided lesser efficiency as compared to synthetic wastewater as influent. Also 85% COD reduction and 91% BOD5 removal in EA indicated better performance as compared to SMBR with 72% COD reduction and 78% BOD5 removal. However, for nitrification SMBR (295%) performed better than EA (140%) Future studies are required to establish conventional parameters with pharmaceutical removal, variation of control parameters on treatment efficiency and effect on microbial activities.
- Published
- 2020
27. Performance comparison of phenol removal in pharmaceutical wastewater by activated sludge and extended aeration augmented with activated carbon
- Author
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Walid Elbarki, Samia Ahmed Aly, Basim M. Mareai, and Mai Fayed
- Subjects
Activated carbon ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Extended aeration ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ammonia ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Phenol ,Effluent ,Chemistry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Engineering ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Activated sludge ,Wastewater ,Pharmaceutical ,TA1-2040 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study investigated the removal of phenol, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and ammonia from pharmaceutical wastewater using activated sludge (AS) and extended aeration (EA) systems. Also, the impact of adding activated carbon media on the performance of the two systems has been studied. Synthetic sewage was used with a composition of COD equaling 1500 mg/L. The experimental work was divided into five scenarios for the two reactors based on the Phenol concentration, 0.0 mg/L in the first scenario, 50.0 mg/L in the second and third scenarios, but activated carbon has been added to the third one. The concentration of Phenol was 100.0 mg/L and 150.0 mg/L for the fourth and fifth scenarios, respectively. The experimental results indicated that EA system gives higher removal efficiency than that by AS system for COD, phenol, and ammonia. In addition adding activated carbon of just 1.0 gm/L of the working reactor volume in both systems (AS, EA) has improved the removal efficiency. GPS-X simulator was employed to predict the performances of the biological systems under high effluent concentration of COD reaching up to 19000 mg/L. The simulation results indicated that EA effluent could comply with Egyptian Cod (Law no 44/2000).
- Published
- 2020
28. HCSMBO: A hybrid cat swarm and monarch butterfly optimization algorithm for energy consumption optimization in industrial internet of things.
- Author
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Wang, Yongmei, Ma, Weiwei, Song, Li, and Cai, Zerui
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL energy consumption ,OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,SUPPORT vector machines ,SWARM intelligence ,SPATIAL ability - Abstract
Energy consumption optimization is crucial for improving the quality of application services in the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Traditional optimization methods often adopt blind search strategies, which leads to a significant waste of computing resources and low efficiency. This paper proposes a Hybrid Cat Swarm Optimization and Monarch Butterfly Optimization (HCSMBO), which combines the advantages of Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) and Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) to solve this problem. By utilizing the characteristics of swarm intelligence, including strong spatial search ability, high stability, and fast convergence, HCSMBO focuses on detailed optimization of the coverage, efficiency, and energy balance coefficient of Support Vector Machine (SVM) networks. By adjusting the weight factors of the fitness function, this algorithm can effectively find the global optimal solution. The experimental results confirm that HCSMBO significantly improves the intelligence, accuracy, and stability of task scheduling in resource management configuration, while achieving lower energy consumption. The research results of this paper are of great significance for improving the service quality of IIoT applications, meeting personalized business needs, and improving resource utilization and execution efficiency. In addition, they also provide new ideas and methods for energy consumption optimization research in the future IIoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Impact of using Iraqi biofuel–kerosene blends on coarse and fine particulate matter emitted from compression ignition engines
- Author
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Noor H. Hamza, Noora Salih Ekaab, and Miqdam T. Chaichan
- Subjects
020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Diesel fuel ,Coarse particulate ,Biofuel ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Biokerosene ,Biodiesel ,Kerosene ,General Engineering ,Iraqi diesel ,Particulates ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Ignition system ,Vegetable oil ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Environmental science ,TA1-2040 ,Fine particulate - Abstract
Nano and fine particles have caused serious health problems. Despite the continuous decline of their concentrations, the remaining amounts are still considered a problem in compression ignition engines. This study describes the impact of using biokerosene fuel instead of Iraqi diesel, which is characterised by high sulphur content, on the concentrations of various particulate matter (PM) sizes emitted from engines. A TD 313 Fiat diesel rig (a 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled and direct injection engine) was used in the experimental tests. In addition to biofuel (produced from sunflower vegetable oil through a transformation process), Iraqi diesel and kerosene were also used. Four blends were produced, namely, diesel mixed with 10% and 20% volume fractions of biodiesel (denoted as BD 10 and BD 20, respectively) and kerosene added with 10% and 20% biofuel (labelled as KB10 and KB20, respectively). Fuelling the engine with biokerosene significantly reduced PM1.0 by up to 12.3%, 36.65%, 60.92% and 81% and PM2.5 by up to 21.29%, 25%, 41.43% and 51.85% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel at varying engine speed. Changing engine load at a constant speed reduced PM10 by up to 12.9%, 21%, 31.6% and 42.7% and total suspended particles by up to 5%, 12%, 21.5% and 25.5% for BD10, BD20, KD10 and KD20, respectively, compared with diesel. The concentrations of all PM sizes were reduced when engine was running at medium speed and load. By contrast, concentrations increased when engine was running at low and high loads and speeds. Results demonstrated that biokerosene is better than biodiesel–diesel blends in reducing PM emissions.
- Published
- 2020
30. Oil spill sorption capacity of raw and thermally modified orange peel waste
- Author
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Amer Abd El Razek Amer, Fayza Ahmad El Saqa, Iman A. El Gheriany, and Mohamed Hussein
- Subjects
Bio-sorbents ,Sorbent ,genetic structures ,Carbonization ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Engineering ,Sorption ,02 engineering and technology ,Orange (colour) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,Orange peel waste ,eye diseases ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Oil spill sorbents ,River nile ,Oil retention ,0103 physical sciences ,Water uptake ,Oil spill ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Thermally modified agricultural waste ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Oil spill cases in the river Nile have been reported in the recent decade. Orange peel is a major waste of the food processing industry in Egypt, one of the six largest orange peel producers of the world. The purpose of the current work was to evaluate the oil sorption capacity of dried raw orange peel waste (OP) and thermally modified (300 °C and 500 °C) orange peel waste (TMOP). The effect of oil type, sorption time, particle size and reusability on the oil uptake of raw dried orange peel was assessed. Results have indicated that the oil sorption capacity of OP ranged between 3 and 5 g/g at 25 °C, while its water uptake was found to be below 1 g/g, making the selectivity of OP to oil relatively higher than other bio-sorbents. Orange peel could not be used for more than 5 oil sorption cycles, since the oleophilic nature of the peel surface was lost during the regeneration process. Compared to OP, limited percent increase in oil sorption capacity (18–40%) was observed after the thermal modification of orange peel. However, the water uptake of the TMOP is significantly higher than OP. Based on the liquid retention model data fit; the TMOP had better oil retention characteristics than the dried orange peel. According to the results presented, dried orange peel waste is a potentially cheap efficient oleophilic oil spill sorbent that losses its inherent oil selectivity after carbonization.
- Published
- 2020
31. Combination of TiO2 microreactor and electroflotation for organic pollutant removal from textile dyeing industry wastewater
- Author
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Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky, Amirreza Talaiekhozani, Mohammad Reza Mosayebi, Zeinab Eskandari, and Reza Sanayee
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Photocatalytic oxidation ,Textile dyeing ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Engineering ,Textile dyeing industry wastewater ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Electroflotation process ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Wastewater ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Photocatalysis ,Microreactor ,TA1-2040 ,Photocatalytic degradation ,UV/TiO2/Electroflotation microreactor ,Organic content - Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation techniques have been widely used for the treatment of high organic content wastewater. The use of TiO2 photocatalytic activity combined with electroflotation process to treat a wastewater is still very rare and needs to be understood. This study proposed the UV/TiO2/Electroflotation process as a new method for the treatment of textile dyeing industry wastewater. The performance of UV/TiO2/Electroflotation microreactor system to remove the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was compared with that of other microreactor systems for the experiments conducted at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 13, 30 and 60 min. The results showed that the COD removal efficiency of Florescent microreactor is lower than that of Florescent/TiO2 microreactor and then is lower than that of UV microreactor and then is lower than that of UV/TiO2 microreactor and then is lower than that of UV/TiO2/Electroflotation microreactor. Three microreactor systems of UV, UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/Electroflotation with their HRT of 60 min are capable of removing more than 90% of COD from the wastewater containing dyes. The efficiencies of COD removal by the UV/TiO2/Electroflotation microreactor are approximately 25% higher than those by the UV/TiO2 microreactor and are more than 81% higher than those by the UV microreactor, using the HRTs of 15 and 30 min. The use of UV/TiO2/Electroflotation process could be useful for the treatment of high organic content wastewater to contribute to advanced wastewater technology needed in the future.
- Published
- 2020
32. Optimization of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of a conventional activated sludge plant for sustainability
- Author
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Jay Rajapakse, Imtiaj Ali, Graeme J. Millar, and Chathurani Wimalarathne Moragaspitiya
- Subjects
Magnesium ,020209 energy ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Phosphate ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anaerobic digestion ,Ammonia ,Activated sludge ,chemistry ,Struvite ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Sewage treatment ,TA1-2040 ,Mesophile - Abstract
Potential of nutrient recovery as struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) with sole waste activated sludge (WAS) of a conventional activated sludge treatment plant has been investigated using computational modelling supported by laboratory experiments. Predicted key outcomes using Bio-Win modelling tool indicated that anaerobic digestion of WAS could produce a supernatant consisting of 300–420 mg/L ammonia , 100–200 mg/L phosphate and 12–30 mg/L magnesium and laboratory experiments confirmed that struvite can be precipitated using these nutrient concentrations. Study of sludge retention time (SRT 15–30 days) and temperature (34–38 °C) on the nutrient concentrations of digester supernatant revealed that ammonia and phosphate concentrations of supernatant increased with SRT and temperature. The removal efficiencies of magnesium and phosphate in struvite precipitation reactions were 91% and 50% respectively, indicating that magnesium addition is required for extra phosphate removal in the digester supernatant. It was found that a substantial excess ammoniac nitrogen would remain and need alternative method to remove and recover, if sustainability is to be achieved. The outcome of this study confirms that WAS from conventional wastewater treatment plants such as Loganholme can be successfully upgraded towards a nutrient recovery facility by optimizing anaerobic digester parameters. Modelling is a suitable first approach for planning and decision-making. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion (AD), Computational modelling, Nutrient recovery, Struvite, Waste activated sludge (WAS), Conventional activated sludge treatment plant
- Published
- 2019
33. Semi-supervised semantic labeling of remote sensing images with improved image-level selection retraining.
- Author
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Hu, Qiongqiong, Wu, Yuechao, and Li, Ying
- Subjects
DATA augmentation ,SUPERVISED learning ,IMAGE segmentation ,OCCUPATIONAL retraining ,OPTICAL remote sensing ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks - Abstract
In recent years, image semantic segmentation technology has developed rapidly, but image annotation usually requires a significant amount of human and financial resources, especially for remote sensing image annotation, which can be expensive and sometimes even unaffordable. To address this issue, this paper integrates the idea of curriculum learning into the self-training method and screens reliable pseudo-labels through computing image-level confidence, significantly reducing the confirmation error problem. Furthermore, the semi-supervised model in this paper combines implicit semantic enhancement with strong data augmentation, which can reduce the coupling between the teacher model and the student model's prediction distribution and enhance the model's robustness. Finally, the proposed semi-supervised method is experimentally verified using the ISPRS competition dataset and compared with existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Experimental results show that the proposed semi-supervised segmentation method achieves higher segmentation accuracy compared to self-training methods. Moreover, despite not using iterative training to simplify the training process, the proposed method still yields satisfactory segmentation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A systematic survey of air quality prediction based on deep learning.
- Author
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Zhang, Zhen, Zhang, Shiqing, Chen, Caimei, and Yuan, Jiwei
- Abstract
The impact of air pollution on public health is substantial, and accurate long-term predictions of air quality are crucial for early warning systems to address this issue. Air quality prediction has drawn significant attention, bridging environmental science, statistics, and computer science. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current research status and advances in air quality prediction methods. Deep learning, a novel machine learning approach, has demonstrated remarkable proficiency in identifying complex, nonlinear patterns in air quality data, yet its application in air quality prediction is still relatively nascent. This paper also conducts a systematic analysis and summarizes how cutting-edge deep learning models are applied in air quality prediction. Initially, the historical evolution of air quality prediction methods and datasets is presented. This is followed by an examination of conventional air quality prediction techniques. A thorough comparative analysis of progress made with both traditional and deep learning-based prediction methods is provided. This review particularly focuses on three aspects: temporal modeling, spatiotemporal modeling, and attention mechanisms. Finally, emerging trends in the field of air quality prediction are identified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Aircraft engine danger areas incursion detection using keypoint detection and IoT.
- Author
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Zhang, Tianxiong, Zhang, Zhiqiang, Zhu, Xinping, Chen, Boxu, Li, Jiajun, and Zhong, Yuming
- Abstract
Operational safety at airports has long been a subject of active research, with a growing focus on the safety of aircraft stands in recent years. The phase during which an aircraft taxi into its designated stand with engines still running poses safety risks to surrounding vehicles. However, there is currently a lack of effective methods for detecting potential conflicts and hazards during this taxiing phase. To address this issue, this study utilizes apron activity videos as a monitoring data source and introduces an integrated Internet of Things (IoT) conflict detection model. This system combines object detection, engine keypoint detection, coordinate conversion, and conflict warning system to provide timely alerts when vehicles incursion into the engine danger areas. Firstly, the paper streamlines the fourth-level branch and network of HRNet, resulting in the HRNet-3stage network. This network is then compared with Lite-HRNet to determine the optimal choice. Secondly, Recognizing the limitations of traditional video conflict detection based on pixel distance, a fixed monitoring camera coordinate conversion algorithm is designed to convert pixel coordinates into actual coordinates on the aircraft stand, thereby improving the accuracy of conflict detection based on distance measurement. Thirdly, considering the risks associated with engine inlet and exhaust, engine design parameters, static spacing standards, and the dynamic anti-collision process within the aircraft stand, the study proposes a method for classifying four types of aircraft engine danger areas. Corresponding conflict detection models are designed for potential scraping incidents when vehicles incursion into these danger areas. Upon detecting a vehicle entering the aircraft engine danger areas, the IoT system sends warning messages through the airport control tower monitoring system. Finally, we construct an apron sandbox to validate the conflict detection model. This validation results in an impressive F1-score exceeding 90% and a detection delay of less than 100 ms. Our innovative approach, supported by keypoint detection networks and IoT, effectively addresses the detection of critical aircraft components within stands. It comprehensively analyzes incursion issues into engine danger areas, offering a novel perspective for understanding and mitigating potential conflicts arising from aircraft taxiing into stands. • This paper provided an improved network and dataset for in-apron aircraft engine keypoint detection. • This paper designed an efficient coordinate transformation algorithm within the airport apron. • Aircraft engine danger area incursion detection model based on keypoint detection was designed to enable advanced warning and alerting of intruding vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Research progress of aerogel materials in the field of construction.
- Author
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Gu, Xinhua and Ling, Yongqiang
- Subjects
AEROGELS ,BUILT environment ,COST control ,ENERGY consumption ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
Aerogels, with their exceptional properties such as high insulation performance, lightness, and eco-friendliness, present immense potential for use in the construction industry. This paper reviews the progress in research and application of various types of aerogels in construction, highlighting notable case studies demonstrating energy efficiency gains and sustainability impacts. It delves into the lifecycle of aerogels, discussing environmental implications at each stage. Despite their potential, aerogels face certain limitations including production complexity, brittleness, and high cost which hinder their widespread adoption. The paper further discusses these challenges and highlights the need for continuous research and development efforts to overcome them, with a view to achieving more scalable production, enhanced mechanical properties, and cost reduction. Looking forward, the paper discusses the expansive horizon of aerogel research, emphasizing the potential of smart aerogels, their integration with renewable energy systems, and exploring the possibility of recycling or creating bio-based aerogels to enhance their overall sustainability. While still in early stages, aerogels promise to be a major contributor to the future of construction, leading to more sustainable and efficient built environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Adsorption of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes using waste of seeds of Aleurites Moluccana, a low cost adsorbent.
- Author
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Postai, Debora Luiza, Demarchi, Carla Albertina, Zanatta, Francielle, Melo, Danielle Caroline Cipriani, and Rodrigues, Clóvis Antonio
- Subjects
RHODAMINE B ,FLUORENE ,METHYLENE blue ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,CANDLENUT tree - Abstract
Removal of the cationic dyes rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) by waste seeds Aleurites moluccana (WAM) was studied in a batch system. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), point of zero charge measurement, and the Boehm titration method. The effects of contact time and pH were investigated for the removal of cationic dyes. An increase in pH from 3 to 9 was accompanied by an approximately three-fold increase in the amount of dye adsorbed. The adsorptions equilibrium values were obtained and analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson equations, the Sips isotherm being the one that showed the best correlation with the experimental values. The maximum adsorption capacities of the dyes were 178 mg/g for the MB and 117 mg/g for the RhB. The kinetic sorption was evaluated by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models, where it was observed that sorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The study of thermodynamics showed that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results indicate that waste seeds of A. moluccana could be used as a low cost material for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Experimental and simulation study for the effect of waste cooking oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of diesel engine
- Author
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Ali A. Jazie, Hassan Abdulkadhim Abbas, and Mohamed F. Al-Dawody
- Subjects
Biodiesel ,020209 energy ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Engineering ,Mixing (process engineering) ,02 engineering and technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Diesel engine ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Diesel fuel ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Mixing ratio ,Environmental science ,Heat of combustion ,TA1-2040 ,NOx - Abstract
The methyl ester of waste cooking oil (MEWCO) has been prepared from used cooking oils collected from different restaurants and investigated experimentally and theoretically. The suggested biodiesel is mixed with different percentages (10%, 20%and 100%) on a volume basis together with original diesel fuel and tested on a constant speed diesel engine. The experimental work deals with the impact of the blending ratio on the performance and emission parameters at different load conditions. The experimental side is verified with simulation study done by Diesel-rk software and it reveals that they are in good agreement. The maximum pressure reduced as a result of increasing MEWCO blends due to the reduction in the heating value of the blended fuels. Both sides are reported promising reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) on the behalf of carbon emissions. Mixing 20% MEWCO is the best compromise, mixing ratio and beyond that, dramatic reduction in the outcome of the performance has been observed. Keywords: Waste oil, Transesterification, Diesel engine, Performance, Emissions, Diesel-rk software
- Published
- 2019
39. Performance optimisation of microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment and sustainable clean energy generation using response surface methodology
- Author
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Mehdi Sedighi, Majid Mohammadi, Saad A. Aljlil, Mostafa Ghasemi, and Mohammed D. Alsubei
- Subjects
Microbial fuel cell ,Materials science ,Central composite design ,General Engineering ,Proton exchange membrane fuel cell ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,Electricity generation ,Sewage treatment ,Response surface methodology ,Aeration ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Power density - Abstract
In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), coupled with central composite design (CCD), are applied to optimise the performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) as a function of three main factors of commercialisation. Pt, as the main obstacle for commercialisation in the range of 0.1–0.5 mg/cm2, degree of sulphonation in SPEEK, as a new proton exchange membrane in the range of 20–80%, and rate of aeration of cathode between 10 and 150 ml/min were optimised to identify a more commercial MFC. The single maximum response of power density and COD removal and simultaneous maximisation of both responses were obtained at the corresponding optimal independent variables. The results show that the optimised condition for power density and COD removal is at DS 68% and aeration of 121.62 ml/min. However, the pt load differs and is 0.42 mg/cm2 for produced power density and 0.28 mg/cm2 for COD removal. The maximum produced power density in the optimised situation was 58.19 mW/m2 while the maximum COD removal in the optimised condition was 94.8%. However, once we optimised both at the same time i.e., the power generation and COD removal, the degree of sulphonation (DS) was 68%, Pt load was 0.35 mg/cm2 and the aeration rate was 121.62 ml/min, which resulted in a power production of about 57.06 mW/m2 and COD removal of 92.7%. Keywords: Wastewater treatment, Sustainable energy, Microbial fuel cell, Optimisation, Response surface methodology
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- 2018
40. Anti-microbial and durability characteristics of socks made of cotton and regenerated cellulosic fibers
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Alaa Arafa Badr
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010407 polymers ,Textile ,Materials science ,business.industry ,computer.internet_protocol ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Egyptian cotton ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,Durability ,Fabric structure ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cellulose fiber ,SOCKS ,Least cost ,parasitic diseases ,Lyocell ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,computer - Abstract
Socks represent one of fabric goods possessing the minimum lifetime among clothing products because they are manufactured with least cost compared to other textile fabrics and have high consumption rate. Therefore, socks should be produced to achieve customer satisfaction in accordance with style and functional requirements during end use. Also, socks products should be manufactured in the way to include good properties particularly for health merits without affecting consumer health negatively. This research involved an experimental study to find out the functional attributes comprising anti-microbial performance and the mechanical characteristics of socks knitted with applying conventional Egyptian cotton and yarns spun from new regenerated fibers as Tencel and Bamboo. Furthermore, this study investigates the influence of fabric structure (Rib 4:1 - Plain) and using Lycra on the anti-bacterial and mechanical properties. The results shown that the survivability of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the socks affected by material type and fabric structure. These results are an essential evaluation to design comfort and environmentally healthy socks. Keywords: Anti-microbial, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
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- 2018
41. Experimental studies on utilization of recycled coarse and fine aggregates in high performance concrete mixes
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K. Balaji, H. Ananthan, and B.M. Vinay Kumar
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Materials science ,High performance concrete ,Aggregate (composite) ,Waste management ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Engineering ,Superplasticizer ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Durability ,Slump ,Compressive strength ,021105 building & construction ,Sulphate attack ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This experimental study deals with utilization of Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate (CRCA) and Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate (FRCA) in High Performance Concrete (HPC) mixes. The concrete mix is designed for target strength of 60 MPa. Four mixes are considered in the study viz., Control Mix (CM) with natural aggregates, 20% replacement of CRCA, FRCA and both. The fresh and hardened properties are assessed for all the four mixes. The experimental results indicate the satisfactory performance of all the four mixes with respect to hardened properties. The HPC mixes with 20% FRCA content shows reduction in workability and requires a higher dosage of Superplasticizer (SP) to achieve a slump of 170 ± 10 mm. The durability tests such as sulphate and acid attack are conducted for the mix containing 20% CRCA and FRCA. The mix is found to be least susceptible to sulphate attack. The significant reduction in compressive strength is noticed, when the HPC mix is exposed to H2SO4 solution. Keywords: High Performance Concrete (HPC), Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate (CRCA), Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate (FRCA), Sulphate attack, Acid attack
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- 2018
42. Machine learning, IoT and 5G technologies for breast cancer studies: A review.
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Saroğlu, Havva Elif, Shayea, Ibraheem, Saoud, Bilal, Azmi, Marwan Hadri, El-Saleh, Ayman A., Saad, Sawsan Ali, and Alnakhli, Mohammad
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MACHINE learning ,COMPUTER-aided diagnosis ,MEDICAL personnel ,IMAGE analysis ,COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine) ,DEEP learning ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening ailment characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Breast cancer (BC) represents the most highly infiltrative neoplasms and constitutes the primary cause of mortality in the female population due to cancer-related complications. Consequently, the imperative for early detection and prognosis has emerged as a means to enhance long-term survival rates and mitigate mortality. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being utilized to aid radiologists in the analysis of medical images, resulting in enhanced outcomes for individuals diagnosed with cancer. The purpose of this survey is to examine peer-reviewed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that have been recently developed and utilize machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for the diagnosis of BC. The survey aims to compare these newly developed systems with previously established methods and provide technical details, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with each model. In addition, this paper addresses several unresolved matters, areas of research that require further exploration, and potential avenues for future investigation in the realm of advanced computer-aided design (CAD) models utilized in the interpretation of medical images. Furthermore, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) in BC research and treatment holds immense significance by facilitating real-time monitoring and personalized healthcare solutions. IoT devices, such as wearable sensors and smart implants, enable continuous data collection, empowering healthcare professionals to track patients' vital signs, response to treatment, and overall health trends, fostering more proactive and tailored approaches to BC management. Moreover, the advent of 5G technology in BC applications promises to revolutionize communication speeds and data transfer, enabling rapid and seamless transmission of large medical datasets. This high-speed connectivity enhances the efficiency of remote diagnostics, telemedicine, and collaborative research efforts, ultimately accelerating the pace of innovation and improving patient outcomes in BC care. The present study aims to examine various classifiers utilized in ML and DL methodologies for the purpose of diagnosing BC. Research findings have demonstrated that DL has superior performance compared to standard ML methods in the context of BC diagnosis, particularly when the dataset is extensive. The existing body of research indicates that there are significant gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed in order to enhance healthcare outcomes in the future. These gaps highlight the pressing need for both practical and scientific research in the field. Finally, IoT and 5G will be how they can be used in order to enhance BC detection, treatment and patient care. • Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, poses a significant threat to human life. • Breast carcinoma is highly invasive and a leading cause of female cancer-related mortality, emphasizing the need for early detection and prognosis. • Emerging AI technologies are assisting radiologists in analyzing medical images, improving cancer diagnosis outcomes. • This survey focuses on recent computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems using machine learning and deep learning for breast carcinoma diagnosis. • The paper identifies unresolved research areas and future investigation prospects in advanced CAD models for medical image interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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43. Wearable devices for glucose monitoring: A review of state-of-the-art technologies and emerging trends.
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Mansour, Mohammad, Saeed Darweesh, M., and Soltan, Ahmed
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CONTINUOUS glucose monitoring ,ELECTRONIC equipment ,ENERGY harvesting ,MEDICAL records ,BLOOD sugar - Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that is characterized by high blood glucose levels and can cause damage to multiple organs over time. Continuous monitoring of glucose levels is essential for both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. There have been major developments in glucose monitoring technology over the past decade, which have been driven by research and industry efforts. Despite these significant advancements, the area of glucose biosensors still faces significant challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of the latest glucose monitoring technologies, including invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive methods. Subsequently, we bring together the electronic components, wireless communication technologies, and energy harvesting opportunities, along with the limitations and challenges associated with current glucose monitoring solutions. This is followed by highlighting the potential integration of health records generated by continuous glucose monitors and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to define precise diabetes management protocols. This integration achieves accurate results with constrained prediction horizons employing a time series of continuous glucose readings. The paper emphasizes the need for further advancements in glucose monitoring technology to improve diabetes management and address the critical need in clinical practice for improved glucose monitoring technologies with translational implications. • Comprehensive exploration of diverse glucose sensing technologies and their underlying principles. • Highlighting the crucial role of wearable biosensors in monitoring bio-molecules. • Detailed overview of essential electronic components for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. • Discussion on energy storage options, including self-powered solutions and advancements in battery technologies. • Emphasis on challenges in CGM technology, integration of AI, commercial solutions analysis, and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Conducting polymers in industry: A comprehensive review on the characterization, synthesis and application.
- Author
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Ding, Hai, Hussein, Ali M., Ahmad, Irfan, Latef, Rehaim, Abbas, Jamal K., Ali, Abbas Talib Abd, Saeed, Shakir Mahmood, Abdulwahid, Alzahraa S., Ramadan, Montather F., Rasool, Hussein Ali, and Elawady, Ahmed
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CONDUCTING polymers ,POLYMERS industry ,POLYANILINES ,POLYPYRROLE ,OPTICAL properties - Abstract
In recent decades, conducting polymers (CPs) like polyaniline and polypyrrole have attracted the attentions of scientists all over the world due to having important advantages such as simplicity of synthesis, excellent chemical/mechanical stability and good optical properties. Despite the existence of different shortcomings in the pristine form of CPs, hybridization with other substances can be a great solution to decrease these limitations. The synergetic influences of CPs with composites can make them a promising option for industrial-based applications in electronics, medical, biomedical and optoelectronic fields. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review for expert and non-expert readers to be acquainted with the recent advancements in the field of perception, characterization and synthesis of different types of CPs in industries. Additionally, this paper overviews the application of commonly-applied CPs in industrial activities and present the advantages/disadvantages of each of them to provide an opportunity for readers to know the efficiency and feasibility of using each CP based on their conductivity and other related parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Optimization of working slope configuration in seasonal operations of cold regions open-pit mine.
- Author
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Liu, Guangwei, Huang, Yunlong, Cao, Bo, Yao, Yong, Wang, Xuedong, and Fu, Ensan
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COLD regions ,MINING engineering ,QUADRATIC programming ,COAL mining ,MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
This paper proposes a method for dynamically controlling the working slope configuration in seasonal stripping open-pit coal mines. Constructing a bench group working slope model calculates the cyclic advancement time of the stripping working slope. A mathematical optimization model is then established to minimize the transport work of the overburden, and a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm is employed to solve it. The method is applied to the Shengli West No. 2 open-pit coal mine, and the results show that the number of benches in the bench group is 5. The working bench width is 89 m, and the working slope advancement meets the stripping and mining engineering continuity requirements while minimizing the transport work of the overburden. The maximum advancement speed of the working slope under this configuration is 320 m/year. The paper also analyzes the working slope's maximum advancement speed variation with changes in the bench combination form and cyclic advancement distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Moving scene object tracking method based on deep convolutional neural network.
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Liu, Long, Lin, Bing, and Yang, Yong
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CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,PRINCIPAL components analysis - Abstract
The effect of target tracking is not ideal when facing various complex tracking scenarios such as non-rigid deformation of target, frequent occlusion, clutter of target background and interference of similar objects. In this paper, the feature based on deep convolutional neural network is used for target tracking in moving scenes, and a sliding window target segmentation method is proposed to study the impact of data normalization and data set expansion on the final result. In order to select more distinguishing features, principal component analysis is used to process the features of Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN), and the features of different network layers of DCNN are compared. The feature coding algorithm is studied, and the extracted DCNN features are encoded by Fisher Vectors algorithm, and compared with the locality-constrained linear encoding technique. Experiments show that the feature based on deep convolutional neural network in this paper can obtain higher accuracy than the traditional feature fusion method. According to the result analysis, the tracking accuracy of deep convolutional neural network algorithm is improved under the condition of illumination variation. In the case of local occlusion, the tracking accuracy is also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Modeling SARS coronavirus-2 omicron variant dynamic via novel fractional derivatives with immunization and memory trace effects.
- Author
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Liu, Taohua, Yin, Xiucao, Liu, Qian, and Houssou Hounye, Alphonse
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,FRACTIONAL differential equations ,PHASE coding ,IMMUNIZATION ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to recommend an adjusted Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model that characterizes the temporal patterns of various individuals affected by the omicron variant in an epidemic. This model considers factors such as vaccination, asymptomatic cases, indoor and outdoor air, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as the impact of immunization and memory trace. While many recent studies overlook the complexities of multiple strains, including their diverse transmission rates and reaction to vaccines, this study introduces a new fractional derivative model to examine the spread of the omicron variant of COVID-19 and the implementation of a vaccination campaign. A thorough theoretical analysis is conducted, and the critical factor (R c r n z) is calculated using the model equations. It is demonstrated that when R c r n z is less than 1, the disease-free state is globally asymptotically stable, meaning that the epidemic diminishes. Moreover, the stability of both global and local equilibrium points is examined. Numerical simulations are employed to demonstrate the alignment between the numerical findings and theoretical characteristics. The model is adjusted to experimental data that reflect the progression of the omicron variant of COVID-19 in Guangzhou, exhibiting a satisfactory performance in predicting the number of infected individuals, thereby suggesting its capability to accurately estimate asymptomatic cases. Furthermore, to emphasize the benefits of employing fractional differential equations, the paper provides examples related to memory trace and hereditary characteristics. Moreover, the examined models are expected to be applied and expanded upon in order to contribute to the formulation of policies for disease control during times of limited vaccine availability. To summarize, the model appears to be a sufficient tool for researching and managing infectious diseases. It is projected that as the Omicron variant's prevalence declines, there will be a reduced need for respiratory-focused precautions. • An SVEIAOPHRD model is put forward to mathematically analyze the spread of the omicron variation of COVID-19. • Mathematical criteria for determining the stability of the equilibria are established. • An efficient nonstandard approach for resolving the continuous problem is suggested and examined. • The numerical simulations validate the analytical and numerical outcomes depicted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The pipeline leak detection algorithm based on D-S evidence theory and signal fusion mechanism.
- Author
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Xie, Wenhao, Liu, Yuan, Wang, Xiaoyan, and Wang, JunTao
- Subjects
LEAK detection ,SIGNAL theory ,ALGORITHMS ,LEAKAGE - Abstract
In this paper, a pipeline leakage detection algorithm based on information fusion of pressure and flow is proposed, and its core work is the construction of BPA based on discount factors. The wavelet packet decomposition is carried out for the original signals, and the processed signals are used to train different SVM classifiers to achieve the first identification results. For the samples whose initial classification results are not completely consistent, BPA is calculated according to the confusion matrixes of the initial SVM classifiers. In this paper, static discount factors and dynamic discount factors are constructed using different methods, and dynamic discount factors are modified when decisions fail. Then comprehensive discount factors are constructed based on the combination of different static discount factors and dynamic discount factors. The Shafer discount rule is used to modify BPA. Finally, D-S evidence theory is used to fuse the BPA results of all classifiers under different discount combinations. Experiments show that this algorithm can effectively use the correlation of evidences to reasonably fuse the decision results of multiple sensors, overcome the problem that the accuracy of a single sensor is not high enough for leakage identification, and improve the identification accuracy of pipeline leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. An efficient technique for detecting document forgery in hyperspectral document images.
- Author
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EL Abady, Naglaa F., Zayed, Hala H., and Taha, Mohamed
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DEEP learning ,DOCUMENT imaging systems ,FORGERY ,SPECTRAL sensitivity ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks - Abstract
In document forensics, identifying ink mismatches is crucial for detecting forgeries and determining document authenticity. However, identifying and separating specific inks from paper can be challenging. Hyperspectral imaging can capture unique spectral patterns exhibited by inks composed of different materials, even when their colors appear identical. Hyperspectral document analysis (HSDI) can be employed to authenticate documents by analyzing the ink. Earlier studies had insufficiently accurate black ink detection, so this paper proposes a novel approach using deep learning and pre-processing methods to improve black ink detection accuracy. The proposed approach uses supervised deep learning to identify ink mismatches in hyperspectral document images. The study evaluated the performance of the proposed model using a hyperspectral image dataset consisting of UWA (University of Western Australia) writing ink in both blue and black colors and different types of artificially identical color inks mixed in various ratios to find ink mismatches. The results showed that the proposed system performed better than other systems reported in the literature, improving the average accuracy by up to 0.18% for blue and 0.36% for black. The proposed method accurately detects ink mismatches and identifies various inks based on their unique spectral response, rendering it highly beneficial for applications in document forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Optimized steganography techniques based on PVDS and genetic algorithm.
- Author
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Fahim, Alaa and Raslan, Yara
- Subjects
GENETIC algorithms ,CRYPTOGRAPHY ,SCIENTIFIC communication ,CONFIDENTIAL communications ,NATURAL selection ,DIGITAL communications ,DATA transmission systems - Abstract
Due to the rapid development of confidential digital communication over international networks, security is the most significant factor. Steganography is the science of concealed communication and is used to conceal the presence of secret information among the various methods of hiding data in communications. Steganography techniques are usually implemented either in spatial or frequency domains. Some spatial domain methods fundamentally utilize the absolute difference value between neighbor pixels to encode the secret message, categorized as Pixel-Value Differencing Steganography methods (PVDS). In PVDS, the hiding capacity of the adjacent pixels depends on their difference value. Consequently, the secret data will be embedded with a high visual quality of the stego-image. Indicator-based PVDS (IPVDS) technique is derived from the PVDS method. It depends on an Indicator pixel (IP) to extract the secret data correctly. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to optimization depends on the concept of survival of the fittest. This paper introduces two proposals, GA-based steganography schemes (GA-IPVD) and (GA-IPVDM). These new techniques encoded secret data using the IPVDS method. Before embedding data in the cover image, the order of the pixels corresponding to the secret data is modified and rearranged. GA controls the operation of rearranging and modifying the order of pixels and all parameters. The current paper addresses steganography as an optimization problem and seeks to determine the optimal order of the pixels that enhance the matching between the cover image and stego-image to reduce distortion despite high embedded capacity. In the first proposed technique GA-IPVD, GA concentrates on the imperceptibility of embedded data and maximizes the quality of the stego-image according to the given secret data. In contrast, the GA maximizes the capacity of embedded data while maintaining an acceptable amount of stego-image quality in the second proposed technique GA-IPVDM. The proposed systems have embedding key that increase the security of proposed schemes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods can embed a large quantity of secret data while maintaining an acceptable visual quality of the stego-images. The proposed technique has also demonstrated excellent resistance to a variety of stego-attacks, including the pixel difference histogram (PDH) as well as regular and singular (RS) analyses. Additionally, the out-of-boundary pixel issue (BI), which endures in the majority of modern data hiding algorithms, has been successfully resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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