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Background: Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness after cataract in the world and also in Indonesia. Based on the etiology, glaucoma is classified into primary and secondary glaucoma. Secondary glaucoma can cause severe visual function disorders and affect the patient’s quality of life. This study was carried out to indentify the characteristics of new secondary glaucoma patients at Cicendo Eye Hospital from January to December 2013. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Cicendo Eye Hospital from November to December 2014. Secondary data were retrieved from medical records of new secondary glaucoma patients who came to the Glaucoma unit from January to December 2013. Inclusion criteria were medical records comprising data about age, gender, location of the affected eyes by secondary glaucoma, etiology of secondary glaucoma and value of intraocular pressure. The collected data were recorded and analyzed to illustrate their frequency distribution and proportion. Results : Out of 63 patients, 42.9% was 40–59 years old and 63.5% was men. Most cases were unilateral (82.5%). It was found that 74 eyes (52 unilateral, 11 bilateral), diagnosed as secondary glaucoma, had intraocular pressure ≥30 mmHg which were 54.1%. Secondary glaucoma were caused by lens induced (36.5%), inflammation (22.2%), and trauma (9.5%). Conclusions: Most cases are middle-aged patients and dominated by men. The eye diagnosed as secondary glaucoma occurred more in the unilateral eye which has intraocular pressure ≥30 mmHg and is caused by lens induced and inflammation. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1060

Background : Gestational age is required to determine diagnosis and optimal management of newborns. The gold standard for gestational age determination is the first day of last menstrual period (LMP). However, not all mothers remember their LMP. Another method for gestational age determination after birth is the New Ballard Score (NBS). This method measures gestational age using two main components, namely neorumuscular and physical maturity. In premature infants, surfactant deficiency leads to hypoxia which eventually leads to neuromuscular disorders. This situation may cause younger gestational age estimation when using NBS. The objective of this study was to analyze the conformity between NBS and LMP in determining gestational age in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 newborns with RDS that were recorded in 2012 database in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data on the date of birth, LMP, NBS soon after birth, sex, birth weight, type of delivery and diagnosis were collected and analyzed statistically using Wilcoxon test. Results : The study showed that there was a significant difference (p

Background: Indonesia ranks the second highest in blindness worldwide. One of the factors that may cause blindness is posterior capsule opacification (PCO), a secondary cataract that developed after cataract surgery. PCO eventually leads to visual impairment. The common management for PCO is neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy. It is an effective, non-invasive, and painless procedure. The aim of this study was to describe the visual acuity of PCO patients after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted based on simple randomized secondary data from Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung from January 2013 to August 2014. Results: Out of 102 patients, 53 patients (51.96%) were male and 49 (48.04%) were females. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The maximum number of patients was at age group of 60−69 years (33.33%). Sixty−nine patients (67.65%) presented mild or no visual impairment uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) post-laser. Eighty-nine patients (87.25%) presented mild or no visual impairment best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) post-laser. Generally, 94 patients (92.16%) showed improvement of visual acuity after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Three patients (2.49%) were suffering from blindness UCVA post-laser and 1 patient (0.98%) falls at blindness BCVA post-laser respectively. Conclusions: Improvement of visual acuity is achieved after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in PCO patients.

Background: Musculoskeletal problems of the lower extremities are becoming more frequent lately. This problem usually requires surgery to be dealt quickly . The role of the anesthesiologist is needed to determine which anesthesia technique that has to be performed. Selection of proper anesthesia technique can reduce the incidence of complications . Objective of this study was to determine anesthesia technique selection pattern in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January–June 2013. Methods: A quantitative study with retrospective descriptive method was conducted. This study was carried out from September–October 2013 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Medical records were used as a research instrument. Data collection was conducted using total sampling method. There were 228 data of all cases, but only 151 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: One hundred fifty one patients were identified. Sixty five subjects (43%) were performed under general anesthesia, 83 subjects (55%) under regional anesthesia and 3 subjects (2%) under combination of general-regional anesthesia. Regional anesthesia techniques consisted of spinal anesthesia (29%), epidural anesthesia (64%), combination of spinal-epidural anesthesia (5%), and peripheral nerve block (2%). Conclusions: Regional anesthesia is the most frequently technique used in lower extremities orthopedic surgery, with epidural anesthesia as the most common regional technique used because of all the benefits.

Background : Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a skin or mucous infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Seasonal pattern of herpes zoster incidence was reported in some countries, indicating that emergence of this disease was caused by the reactivation of latent Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) rather than new exposures to VZV. On the other hand, the VZV primary infection difference between tropical and temperate zones may have implications for virus reactivation as herpes zoster. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of herpes zoster in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java related to the change of rainfall, air temperature and humidity from 2009 to 2011. Methods : A descriptive retrospective study was carried out to 341 medical records of herpes zoster patients from Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung periode 2009 to 2011. Data on climate factors, i.e. rainfall, air temperature, and relative humidity, were obtained from the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. The collected data were presented using tables and figures. Result : The highest number of herpes zoster cases occured during the period when the highest annually total rainfall and annually mean relative humidity occurred. Conclusions : The finding of this study shows that herpes zoster cases have the same pattern with the rainfall and relative humidity. These findings can inform better prevention of herpes zoster. However, further research is needed to get more comprehensive understanding on this relationship. DOI : 10.15850/amj.v2n3.591

Background: Attention and working memory functions have important roles in daily activities. Normal level of hemoglobin is required for optimum attention and working memory functions. This study aims to analyze the correlation between hemoglobin level, attention, and working memory scores in medical students who attended Atlas Medical Pioneer (AMP) Basic Program XXI. Methods : The total population sample for this cross-sectional study included 27 males and 19 females. The hemoglobin level was meassured by using cyanmethemoglobin method. Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward and Backward Test, Trail Making Test A and B, and Stroop Test were used to assess attention and working memory scores. The study was conducted from September to November 2012 in Jatinangor campus of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran and Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The correlation analysis was performed using computer. Results : The correlation between hemoglobin level in males and attention on Trail Making Test A score was (r=0.144) (p=0.474). While the correlations with theTrail-Making Test B and Stroop Test scores were (r=0.332) (0.091), and (r=-0.320) (p=-0.103), respectively. For females, the correlations with the Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, and Stroop Test scores were (r=0.121) (p=0.622), (r=-0.232) (p=0.338), and (r=0.137) (p=0.576), respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation between hemoglobin level and the working memory on Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward Test, and Digit Span Backward Test scores for-males were (r=0.256) (p=0.197), (r=0.419) (p=0.029), and (r=0.113) (p=0.576), respectively. For-females, the same correlations were (r=0.412) (p=0.080), (r=-0.299) (p=0.213), and (r=-0.028) (p=0.909), respectively. The only test that showed statistically significant result was Digit Span Forward Test in males. Conclusions : There is evident of weak correlation between hemoglobin level, attention, and working memory scores in medical students who attended AMP Basic Program XXI. This may be due to the confounding factors affecting attention and working memory as well as a small sample size. [AMJ.2014;1(1):1–5] Keywords: attention score, hemoglobin level, working memory score Korelasi antara Kadar Hemoglobin, Pencapaian Skor Atensi, dan Skor Memori Kerja Latar Belakang : Fungsi atensi dan memori kerja memiliki peranan penting dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Kadar hemoglobin yang normal dibutuhkan untuk mencapai fungsi atensi dan memori kerja yang optimal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin, skor atensi, dan memori kerja pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang mengikuti Pendidikan Dasar XXI Atlas Medical Pioneer (AMP). Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 46 orang, terdiri atas 27 orang laki-laki dan 19 orang perempuan. Perhitungan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward dan Backward Test , Trail Making Test A dan B, dan Stroop Test digunakan untuk menilai skor atensi dan memori kerja. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan September–November 2012 di Kampus Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor dan Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Analisis korelasi menggunakan komputer. Hasil: Korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin laki-laki dengan skor atensi pada Trail Making Test A (r=0,144) (p=0,474), Trail Making Test B (r=0,332) (0,091), dan Stroop Test (r=-0,320) (p=-0,103). Pada perempuan hasil Trail Making Test A (r=0,121) (p=0,622), Trail Making Test B (r=-0,232) (p=0,338), dan Stroop Test (r=0,137) (p=0,576). Hasil korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin laki-laki dengan skor memori kerja pada Digit Symbol Test (r=0,256) (p=0,197), Digit Span Forward Test (r=0,419) (p=0,029), dan- Digit Span Backward Test (r=0,113) (p=0,576). Pada perempuan hasil Digit Symbol Test (r=0,412) (p=0,080), Digit Span Forward Test (r=-0,299) (p=0,213), dan Digit Span Backward Test (r=-0,028) (p=0,909). Tes yang memiliki nilai signifikan hanya Digit Span Forward Test pada laki-laki. Simpulan : Terdapat korelasi lemah antara kadar hemoglobin, atensi, dan memori kerja pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti Pendidikan Dasar XXI AMP. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena confounding factor yang dapat memengaruhi atensi dan memori kerja seseorang serta jumlah sampel penelitian yang sedikit. Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, skor atensi, skor memori kerja DOI : dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.288