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Presents schedules and activities during the Fourth Congress of the International Economic Association in Budapest, Hungary.

The article presents information about the program of the American Economic Association Meeting. In programs of the annual meetings of the American Economic Association for the five years 1950-54, persons from the economics departments of fifteen academic institutions delivered 114 out of a total of 210 papers, or 54.3 percent. When papers delivered by people outside the academic field are excluded it is found that of 156 papers originating in colleges and universities these fifteen institutions were responsible for 73.1 percent. Only a few organizations outside the academic field were able to reach the more than two papers category. There was a substantial amount of duplication by individuals from "big 15" universities. Sixteen persons delivered two or more papers, accounting for a total of 37 of 161 papers originating in colleges and universities. These sixteen scholars also served as discussants 6 times. Two of them delivered as many as four papers each in five years, full staffs of only eleven colleges and universities did as well or better.

This article presents the program for the 89th Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association that is scheduled from September 15-18, 1976 in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

The article present the report for 2010 to the American Economic Association by the editor of the scholarly periodical "American Economic Journal: Microeconomics," which is published by the association. A description is presented of the periodical's procedures for the submission of academic writing for publication and the editing of that writing. Members of the periodical's editorial board are listed. Statistics are presented on manuscripts submitted for and accepted for publication in 2009 and 2010.

This section presents the program schedule for the annual meeting of the American Economic Association which will be held in Anaheim, California in January 1993.

This article summarizes the report of the managing editor of the American Economic Review journal, a publication of the American Economic Association, for 1978. The number of papers submitted this year is 649, compared with 690 in 1977. Submissions to the Review were at their highest (879) in 1970, and on average have been declining ever since. We printed 108 papers in 1978, 6 fewer than the preceding year. There is a backlog of 85 accepted papers, 28 will appear March 1979, and the remainder in June or September. The backlog of unprocessed manuscripts has remained at six months. That is, as of December 31, nearly all manuscripts received before the preceding June 30 have been processed. The authors have received some type of decision. It is not possible to cut this delay time further. The delay time may nevertheless account for the decline in the number of manuscripts submitted. I have discussed methods of speeding up the review process with members of the Board of Editors, with my assistants, and with the Executive Committee. Each proposal runs up against the problem of cost and satisfactory standard of performance. Because the Review is an association journal, papers cannot be rejected on the basis of a cursory examination.

The article reflects on the contents of the May 1980 issue of the 'American Economic Review.' The papers and proceedings of the ninety-second annual meeting of the American Economic Association have been presented in the issue. It includes Sixty-six papers and twenty five discussions that are roughly equivalent in space to two regular issues of the American Economic Review. The business activities of the Association in 1979: the annual membership meeting; the March and December meetings of the executive committee; and reports of the Association's officers and committees have been included under the proceedings.

This section introduces a series of articles on the ninety-first annual meeting of the American Economic Association.

The article presents a report from the Committee on Economic Education of the American Economic Association. During a series of meetings in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2008 the Committee hosted six sessions, including those devoted to high school and undergraduate economics education in the U.S., graduate-level economics education, and undergraduate economics courses. Panel members and those who delivered papers at these sessions are acknowledged. In addition, the author notes that the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in economics during 2006-2007 declined slightly from the previous period.

This article highlights the written reports presented by Robert Clower, managing editor of the American Economic Review, at the annual meeting of the American Economic Association in December 1981. The year 1981 has seen some changes in editorial procedures. Outside editorial scanners are no longer used. Comments on already published papers are now sent to the original authors for their information and reaction before being submitted to independent review by members of the Board of Editors or other disinterested parties. Office processing controls have been designed to ensure that, except in most unusual circumstances, authors will have a final editorial decision within three months of the date their manuscript is received. The Review received 784 papers in 1981, 20 percent more than the average number processed during each of the preceding five years. The acceptance rate on manuscripts for which processing has been completed is well below the ratio of published-to-submitted papers. This does not reflect a permanent upward shift in acceptance standards; it is merely a consequence of current efforts to reduce the backlog of papers awaiting publication. The Board of Editors consists of 18 members, chosen by the managing editor, with the approval of the Executive Committee of the Association.

Presents the schedule for the 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association at the Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan on December 27 to 30, 1970.

This article presents information on the articles published in the May 1998 issue of the journal. This volume contains the papers and proceedings of the one hundred and tenth annual meeting of the American Economic Association. The Proceedings record the business activities of the Association in 1997, the annual membership meetings, and the March and January 1998 meetings of the Association's officers and committees.

The article presents the annual report for 2010 of the Secretary of the American Economic Association (AEA). It is announced that the 2012 meeting of the organization will be held January 6-8 in Chicago, Illinois. The nomination and election of AEA officers for 2011 is discussed. It is noted that 2011 is the 100th anniversary of this publication, and that six special papers devoted to the history of the publication will be published in 2011. The introduction of a membership management program is noted. Changes to the AEA Web site are discussed.

The article offers the annual report of the Secretary of the American Economic Association to the organization's January 2015 annual meeting. Topics include the results of the election held to select the incoming officers of the organization; information on dues and memberships following a 2012 change to the group's dues structure; and lists of the members of the group's various committees.

The article presents a discussion on trade union activity. Until a decade ago, trade union activity from the standpoint of legal and public sanction involved the problem of extending to voluntary associations those civil rights of the individual, whereby members of such associations could improve their well-being through group action. However, trade union activity in the present day raises entirely different issues of social policy. These arise from the extension of group authority or control, under governmental and public approval, over large segments of industry, if not over the whole economy. These issues involve not alone the question of what form of economic organization is to be desired, or what the essential functions of government should be in a democratic order, but that of how individual and minority rights are to be preserved in a scheme of things progressively subjected to group domination. Professor David A. McCabe's paper is mainly a discussion of the technical feasibility of industry-wide agreements. But McCabe's paper also raises the issue of group power and responsibility in economic life. According to McCabe, industry-wide agreements are based upon unitary bargaining for wages over a wide competitive area.

The article presents a report from the secretary of the organization the American Economic Association (AEA) as of 2014. It discusses the dates and places for future meetings of the AEA, certifies the results of the election of AEA officers including president-elect Richard H. Thaler, and vice presidents David Card, Judith A. Chevalier, and Jeffrey M. Woodridge. The report also discusses changes in the AEA dues structure, electronic voting, and lists the members of various committees.

The article presents the report for 2007 of John J. Siegfried, Secretary of the American Economic Association (AEA). The memberships of several committees for 2007 are detailed, including the Ad Hoc Committees for Advocacy Rule, Papers & Proceedings, and the Job Market. The 2009 AEA Annual Meeting will be held January 3-5 in San Francisco, California. In accordance with AEA bylaws the author certified the elections of several officers, including President-elect Angus S. Deaton and Vice Presidents Katharine G. Abraham and Maurice Obstfeld.

A unifying theme in the literature on organizations such as public bureaucracies and private nonprofits is the importance of mission, as opposed to profit, as an organizational goal. Such mission-oriented organizations are frequently staffed by motivated agents who subscribe to the mission. This paper studies incentives in such contexts and emphasizes the role of matching the mission preferences of principals and agents in increasing organizational efficiency. Matching economizes on the need for high-powered incentives. It can also, however, entrench bureaucratic conservatism and resistance to innovations. The framework developed in this paper is applied to school competition, incentives in the public sector and in private nonprofits, and the interdependence of incentives and productivity between the private for-profit sector and the mission-oriented sector through occupational choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the minutes of the first meeting of the 1976 Executive Committee of the American Economic Association held in Washington, D.C. on March 19, 1976. The following members were present: Franco Modigliani (presiding), Carolyn Shaw Bell, Barbara R. Bergmann, George H. Borts, Andrew F. Brimmer, Rendigs Fels, R. A. Gordon, Walter W. Heller, C. Elton Hinshaw, Harry G. Johnson, Lawrence R. Klein, Mark Perlman, Edmund S. Phelps, Alice Rivlin, Paul M. Sweezy, and Burton A. Weisbrod. The Secretary reported that, pursuant to the guideline that normally firm site commitments should not extend beyond five years, he had informed the convention bureaus of the cities now holding space for the 1982 meetings that a decision will probably not be made until 1977. The Treasurer reported that financial statements for 1975 received from the auditors show an operating deficit of $56 thousand, a little less than the anticipated deficit of $62 thousand. The Managing Editor reported that he may have overestimated printing costs in the 1976 budget. He had projected a price increase for paper which has not and may not materialize. The Chairman reported that at present the Association's bylaws provide for the election of a maximum of 25 foreign honorary members.

This article presents information on congresses and conventions on various issues held in the U.S. as of December 1916. The Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association will be held at Columbus, Ohio, December 27-30, 1916. The American Sociological Society, the American Statistical Association, and the American Association for Labor Legislation will meet at the same time and place. A meeting of the teachers of economics, sociology, and commerce, in the state of Iowa was held at the State University in Iowa City on October 6 and 7, 1916. On Wednesday evening, December 27, there will be a joint meeting of the four associations at which the annual presidents' addresses will be given. The subject for discussion at the Thursday morning session is "The Problem of Land Ownership." researcher Richard T. Ely will read the leading paper. On Thursday afternoon there will be papers by researcher H. C. Taylor on "Two Dimensions of Economic Productivity" and by researcher George von Tungein on "The Results of Some Rural Surveys in Iowa."

This article examines the factors which induce a shift of transactions from market to internal organization and, within internal organization, to explain the types of hierarchical relations that predictably emerge. It is generally acknowledged that a prima facie case for the development of nonmarket forms of economic organization can be said to exist whenever the market, if used to complete a set of transactions, experiences frictions. The discussion of internal organization in this paper deals with only elementary forms of hierarchy and relatively simple types of adaptive behavior. The management of a complex firm, however, must deal with such issues as the redeployment of internal resources in response to environmental disturbances in kind, strategic planning, including innovation, and preserving intrafirm atmosphere as firm size is scaled up. In addition, the eventual limits of complex hierarchies need to be assessed. While these matters are beyond the scope of this paper, the contention is that the interesting problems or organization in complex hierarchies are likewise to be understood in terms of the framework that was proposed is surely, at this stage, unsurprising.

The article presents the report of the American Economic Association's representative to the International Economic Association for 1974. During the calendar year, the International Economic Association held a conference in Italy, a world congress in Hungary, a workshop in Turkey, and an East-West meeting in Switzerland. The conference in Turin, Italy, April 1 to 6, was on The Economics of Public Services. The World Congress in Budapest, Hungary, was held from August 19 to 24 on Economic Integration: Worldwide, Regional, Sectoral. The program provided for papers and reports in plenary sessions and for papers and general discussion in ten separate working groups. The largest delegation came from the USSR with 280 members. The U.S. was represented by 78 participants. The workshop at the Bosphorus University in Istanbul, Turkey, was held September 2 to 6 on Population and Development. The East-West Conference was held from August 29 to September 3 in Montreaux, Switzerland, on Recent Economic Developments in Socialist and Non-Socialist Countries.

The article presents the minutes of the April 12, 2013, meeting of the Executive Committee of the organization the American Economic Association, held in Chicago, Illinois. According to the article, the meeting was attended by several committee members including Alan Auerbach, Esther Duflo, and Claudia Goldin. It states that several reports were presented on topics including the publication of the journal "American Economic Review" (AER), the AEA Nominating Committee, and the Audit Committee.

The minutes of the January 2, 2014, meeting of the Executive Committee of the organization the American Economic Association (AEA), held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, are presented. According to the article, committee members present included Alan Auerbach, Claudia Goldin, and Christopher Sims. The article states that several reports were presented on topics including the Annual Meetings of the AEA, the Standing Committees for 2014, and the Committee on Government Relations (CGR).

Information is presented on topics which were discussed at a meeting of the executive committee of the American Economic Association that was held January 2, 2009 in Atlanta, Georgia. Topics included negotiations for the 2016 meeting of the committee and the 25th anniversary of the association. The meeting featured several committee members including Steven Davis, David Romer and Janet Currie.

This paper compares centralized and decentralized coordination when managers are privately informed and communicate strategically. We consider a multidivisional organization in which decisions must be adapted to local conditions but also coordinated with each other. Information about local conditions is dispersed and held by self-interested division managers who communicate via cheap talk. The only available formal mechanism is the allocation of decision rights. We show that a higher need for coordination improves horizontal communication but worsens vertical communication. As a result, decentralization can dominate centralization even when coordination is extremely important relative to adaptation. (JEL D23, D83, L23, M11) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the report of the President presented at the annual business meeting of the American Economic Association. It presents the critical examination of the inadequacies to train physical scientists and engineers and there is quite general agreement on the need for a substantial strengthening of this aspect of our educational system. However various people who have pressed for such a strengthening have been careful to insist that it ought not to be accomplished at the expense of work in the social sciences and the humanities. It seems desirable to use the competition to encourage the balanced type of contribution that combines the deductive and empirical approach. Both the entries in the competition and the responses to the informal survey indicate a situation which is cause for grave concern. There is something wrong with the incentives under which economists work in the early stages of their careers. A systematic canvass needs to be undertaken to determine what steps should be taken these incentives so as to made studies that are both theoretical and factual more attractive than mere a priori model analysis inquiries.

This article highlights the written reports presented by Elizabeth E. Bailey, chair of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession, at the annual meeting of the American Economic Association in December 1981. The last decade has not been successful in terms of improvement in the status of women in the academic labor market. Accumulating evidence continues to indicate that there is an underrepresentation of women in the top ranks of the profession of economics. The single most important indicator of status, that is, the representation of women among the senior economics faculty of major doctoral degree granting institutions, continues to be abysmal. It was disproportionately small a decade ago and has remained small and constant for many years. This critical failure is a source of great concern. As in previous years, the Committee has continued to provide a flow of information to women economists. The thrice-annual newsletter presents calls for papers, summarizes committee activities, offers announcements, publications, and generally useful information for women in the profession. The chief change in this information source has been a decision to downplay job descriptions, particularly those at a junior level since these are provided more promptly in Job Openings for Economists.

Presents news briefs related to the American Economic Association (AEA) as of June 1977. Call for officer nominations; Increase in the membership dues; Call for papers on the economic consequences of financial accounting standards and changes therein.

The article presents the report of the treasurer of the American Economic Association for the year ending December 31, 1974. The 1974 deficit resulted from a shortfall of investment income from the decline in the stock market, spending on the periodicals above the budgeted amounts because of unexpectedly large increases in paper and printing costs, the decisions by the Executive Committee in March 1974 to launch a new publication and make the post of Assistant Secretary-Treasurer half-time, and a planned deficit of $10,000 in the budget adopted by the Executive Committee on December 27, 1973. The most important reason for the deficit was real capital losses. The rise in paper and printing costs is second only to the investment losses in accounting for the deficit. The line item for Job Openings for Economists understates its cost because it does not include salaries. The expected deficit of $155,000 is on what might be called an accrual basis. The figure includes $99,000 of investment losses to be carried forward from 1973 and 1974. The accrual deficit, the cash deficit, and the rise in net worth are all relevant to the financial problems of the association but in different ways.

The article presents information about various developments in the field of economics. Messrs. Jardine, Mathesori and Company, Ltd., have presented the Augustine Heard records in their possession to the Sterling Library of Yale University, and their own early papers to Cambridge University, England. These are the papers of the largest private company trading in the Far East, and the records are practically complete from 1819. The American Film Institute, sponsored by the American Council on Education is conducting a survey for the purpose of listing all motion pictures which have an educational value. This includes, in addition to the classroom film, subjects useful to medical students, scientific workers and vocational classes. J. T. Allen, formerly one of the faculty at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, is appointed as the assistant professor of economics at Alabama Polytechnic Institute. Robert Beasley, administrator of the Department of Public Welfare of Denver, has been. added to the teaching staff of the department of social work at the University of Denver during the winter quarter.

The article provides brief notes related to meetings organized by various associations. The annual meeting of the American Economic Association will be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from December 27-30. Topics on which research papers will be discussed include business cycles, railroad situation, finance in the U.S., labor problem, and industrial accidents. A list of associations that will participate in the meeting is provided. Members who have joined the association with effect from August 1, 1921 are also listed. The second annual meeting of the International Chamber of Commerce will be held in Rome during the week of September 18, 1922. The first session of the National School for Chamber of Commerce Secretaries was held at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, from July 18-80, 1921, under the joint auspices of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, the National Association of Commercial Organization Secretaries, and the Northwestern University School of Commerce.

This section presents the final report of the secretary of the American Economic Association for the annual meetings of the Allied Social Science Associations, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, on December 27-29, 1971. The final report indicated a total registration of 5,913 persons. The net income from the meeting was $20,381.18. The share of the American Economic Association, based on registration figures, was $13,383. In accordance with a resolution passed at the annual meeting of December 28, 1971, the 1972 National Convention Committee arranged for day-care facilities at Toronto and publicized them in the preregistration materials mailed to members. Demand for such facilities was negligible. At the 1973 meetings, the National Convention Committee will arrange for baby sitters but not day care. In recent years, a volume of abstracts of the papers to be given at the annual meetings was published, mailed to those members preregistering, and given to others at the time of registration. Since there was doubt about the value of the abstracts, the 1972 volume was sold at the meetings for one dollar a copy instead of being given to all registrants. Sales totaled less than one thousand copies. To date, no complaints have been received in this office because the abstracts were not mailed to those who preregistered. It appears that the abstracts cost more than they were worth, and they probably will be discontinued.

This article presents the 2009 report of the American Economic Association (AEA) Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession (CSMGEP) and for several of the programs that it administers for the AEA. The article notes that Ngina Chiteji was appointed to replace Cecilia Rouse as chair of the committee. The article also mentions changes that took place in the Summer Economics Fellows Program, the Mentoring Program, and the Summer Training Program. Other committee activities in which the CSMGEP is involved are also reported.

The article discusses the challenges that were faced in the arranging the program for the annual meeting of American Economic Association (AEA) in Atlanta. Seventy sessions were sponsored, in which about thirty were arranged jointly by the AEA and one of its allied associations. According to the author, sometimes it is easy to arrange a program which has sessions covering various fields rather than having one specific theme and sometimes it is harder. Arranging a program is harder which has some visible coherence, an apparent "theme." Thematic unity faces the difficulty that potential contributors obstinately insist on preparing reports of the work they are actually doing. Discussing the factors of the success of meetings, the author claims that many busy people are willing to accept the work and bother of planning a session, finding able contributors and discussants, and seeing to it that, on the appointed day, the participants are present, clutching their papers and comments and ready to read.

The article presents a report from the organization the American Economic Association (AEA) Committee on Economic Education as of 2014. It discusses the committee's hosing of the Conference on Teaching and Research in Economic Education (CTREE) in May 2013 in Chicago, Illinois, the hosting of four online training modules on advanced econometrics, the committee's tracking of undergraduate degrees awarded at U.S. colleges and universities.

The article presents information on the history, structure and governance of the American Economic Association's (AEA) meetings with allied societies and their evolution into the Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA). Topics include the the organization of meetings, information about logistics responsibilities such as contract negotiations and legal liability, meeting revenues, and site selection. Information about the AEA's program content is mentioned, including panel sessions and paper submissions, and details about the AEA's Ad Hoc Committee on the Annual Meetings and its recommended modifications are also presented.

Information is presented about several topics that were discussed at a meeting of the executive committee of the American Economic Association that was held in Chicago, Illinois on April 24, 2009. Topics included a survey on attendees of previous meetings and the pricing aspects of the meetings. The meeting featured committee members including Susan Athey, Angus Deaton and Caroline Hoxby.

The article discusses the report of the American Economic Association's (AEA) secretary for the year 2008. Information is provided for the AEA 2010 annual meeting in Atlanta, Georgia from January 3-5. The AEA's election results of the Nominating Committee and of the Electoral College were certified by the secretary. A list is presented of the people who have been elected to various offices. The response of the AEA's first continuing education program and the activities planned to mark the AEA's 125th anniversary in 2010 are discussed.

This article presents minutes of meetings of the American Economic Association Executive Committee held in 1981. The first meeting of the 1981 Executive Committee was called to order on March 20, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois. Members present were: William Baumol, presiding, Henry J. Aaron, Moses Abramovitz, Gardner Ackley, Elizabeth Bailey, Robert Clower, Otto Eckstein, Rendigs Fels, Robert Gordon, Zvi Griliches, C. Elton Hinshaw, Robert Lucas, and Robert Solow. Leo J. Raskind, counsel of the Association was also present. Baumol opened the meeting by welcoming the new members of the Committee, going over the agenda, and reviewing issues that had been raised with him by various members of the Association. Joseph A. Hasson had written, advocating a code of ethics. Solow reported that he had raised the issue with a previous Committee, and their decision was that such a code was not needed. The 1981 Executive Committee concurred with that decision. The second meeting of the Committee was called to order on December 27, 1981 in Washington, D.C. Baumol opened the meeting by expressing appreciation to the members whose terms were expiring for their service, welcoming the new members of the 1982 Committee, going over the agenda, and reviewing issues that had arisen during his term as President. his testifying before Congress. Alexander Erlich had written urging the Committee to send a statement of protest to the Polish govemment concerning the treatment of economists and others. It was decided that those individual members of the Committee who wished to could sign a joint statement of protest and that the secretary would forward it to the Polish government on their behalf.

The first meeting of the 1980 Executive Committee was called on March 21, 1980 in the Conservatory Room of the Washington Hilton Hotel. Some members present at the meeting were Moses Abramovitz, Henry J. Aaron, William Baumol, George Borts, Carl Christ, Martin Feldstein, Rendigs Fels, C. Elton Hinshaw, H. Gregg Lewis, Robert Lucas, Mark Perlman, and Robert Solow. Leo Raskind was present as the Association's Counsel. Minutes of the meeting of December 27,1979 were approved. The secretary of the committee stated the schedule for future annual meetings of the committee. During the discussion of economists A.W. Coats' proposal to write a history of the American Economic Association, it was decided to appoint an ad hoc committee charged with establishing a general policy for handling the Association's archival material and determining rules of access to the archives. The treasurer reported that due to an increase in the market value of the Association's portfolio toward the end of 1979, the surplus was $141 thousand, instead of the $108 thousand anticipated in December, 1979.

Presents updates on issues concerning U.S. economics as of December 1976. Individuals who will take office January 1, 1977, for the American Economic Association; Coverage of the small travel grants given by the American Council of Learned Societies to economists; List of visiting foreign scholars.

In a well-known paper economist J. M. Buchanan develops a general theory of clubs. He suggests that whenever the utility derived by an individual from a specific good or service is dependent on the size of the consumption group, then a club organization will supply the service efficiently while the market will not. In this article, authors show that given the above characterization of commodities, no market failure need occur. More specifically, taking Buchanan's example, competitive firms can provide swimming pool services as efficiently as clubs. Thus, Buchanan's paper does not provide a sufficient explanation for the creation of clubs. In Section II of the article, authors extend the Buchanan model by allowing the individual to vary the number of times per season he visits the swimming pool. Once this is taken into consideration, it can be shown that providing the service on the basis of either a membership fee or a two-part tariff is inefficient; the optimal pricing system is to charge a price per visit. This will be the price when the service is provided by competitive firms.

This paper describes the results of the 1974-1975 Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession, American Economic Association Survey of Economists. About three-fourths of the women in the sample made the decision to become an economist during college. Only three percent made that decision before they entered college and about 24 percent after college. Seventy percent of the women in the sample indicated that they had at least one important role-model in high school. For those who had at least one role-model, the most frequently mentioned were a parent, or a teacher, administrator, or employer. However, where a parent was the most important role-model, it was the woman's father who as the most important influence in 81 percent of the cases. In the matched sample, there is a significant difference in education levels between the fathers of men and women economists. For those women who had role-models in high school, the most important lessons they seem to have learned from their mentors were: that a career can be interesting and fulfilling, to seek a high degree, and to seek a highly paid job. While in college, about 30 percent of the women knew a person who tried to dissuade them from pursuing a professional career. Although the ability to utilize mathematics was not often a major reason cited for choosing a career in economics, nonetheless the women in our sample had a strong mathematics background.

The article reports on developments concerning the field economics. The Pacific Coast Economic Association has elected its officers for the year 1941. Several papers were presented at the nineteenth annual conference of the Pacific Coast Economic Association, at Stanford University, in December 27-28, 1940. They include "Revenue Problems in War Finance," by James K. Hall, "Self-Financed, State-Sponsored Advertising As a Form of Farm Relief," by H. E. Erdman, and "The Economic Impact of the European War on the Far East," by William Holland.

The article presents a schedule of events relating to the 52nd annual meeting of the American Economic Association to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 27-29, 1939, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. Schedule for the first day of the event will include the meeting entitled "The Objectives of Monetary Policy," to be chaired by Arthur W. Marget from the University of Minnesota, another entitled "Economic Issues in Social Security Policy," chaired by John B. Andrews of the American Association for Labor Legislation. Round Table Conferences will be held in the afternoon. Business meetings and more round table conferences will be held on the second day. The meeting of the executive committee will be held on the last day.

This article compares the merits of closed shop with the open shop method of unionization. Obtaining membership in an open union is analogous to securing citizenship papers in a democracy. In both no groups are excluded except those whose members cannot attain the standards set for the entire organization. In each case individuals are excluded whose past conduct has been inimical to the welfare of the group. And in both the democracy and the open union qualified applicants for membership are admitted as soon as they satisfy the minimum requirements of admission. The closed union shop maintained by the open union has many supporters among economists and other members of the so-called third party to industrial disputes. The author believes that because of the use of the terms open shop and closed shop is misleading and is not accurately descriptive of industrial relations in modern industry, the terms should be eliminated from economic discussions. As substitute terms the public should adopt union shop to describe the establishment in which the union is a party to the wage bargain and non-union shop to describe the establishment which refuses to deal with labor organizations. The closed union shop would then correspond to what is now called the closed shop. While to avoid the confusion which arises under the present use of the term open shop, three terms would be used, open union shop, open non-union shop, and closed non-union shop, according to the degree of recognition given the union by the employer and the extent of his efforts to keep union members out of his establishment.

This article says that the survey for January 24, 1914, contains brief accounts of the meetings of the American Association for Labor Legislation, American Economic Association, American Political Science Association, and American Sociological Society. On February 5 and 6 a state tax conference was held in Bloomington, Indiana. Addresses were delivered by a professor of the University of Michigan, Professor Joseph French Johnson of New York University, and Lawrence Purdy of New York. A permanent tax association was organized with Professor W.A. Rawles, dean of the State University of Indiana, as president. Professor Emory B. Johnson, who was appointed as special commissioner of Panama traffic, and tolls, has completed his work for the federal government. His first report, dealing with "Panama Traffic and Tolls," appeared in December, 1912. The Fabian Research Department announces through its chairman, Sidney Webb, that it will undertake during the next few mouths an intensive investigation of the working of part I of the National Insurance Act. The committee has divided itself into seven subcommittees, dealing with documents, medical, tuberculosis, maternity, claims, institutions and poor law, and approved societies.

This article presents information on latest issues related to the U.S. economy in 1972. The Electoral College on March 24 chose Walter W. Heller as nominee for president-elect of the American Economic Association in the balloting to be held in the autumn of 1972. Under a change in the bylaws reported in the Papers and Proceedings of this Review, May 1971, additional candidates may be nominated by petition, delivered to the secretary by August 1, including signatures and addresses of not less than 6 percent of the membership of the Association for the office of president-elect and not less than 4 percent for each of the other offices. The American Economic Association is interested in purchasing certain issues of the American Economic Review and the Journal of Economic Literature published in 1970 and 1971. The issues must be received in excellent condition before payment is made. Postage is to be paid by the shipper. The Journal of Economic Issues announces the new location of its editorial offices. The Journal is a joint publication of the Association for Evolutionary Economics and the department of economics and Bureau of Economic and Business Research at Michigan State University, under the editorship of Professor Warren J. Samuels.