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The article explores the role of collaborative conservation in the empowerment and autonomy of Canadian First Nations people. The author reflects on the Boreal Leadership Council and the transformation of resistance into strategic accommodation. Other topics include alliances with non-Natives for environmental interests, reaction to the environmental impact of resource extraction, and the development of Native American land-based self-determination.

The article discusses the influence of the Kwakwaka'wakw people of Vancouver Island, British Columbia on anthropologist Franz Boas's ideas about culture. It comments on the arrival of Boas in Kwak'wala land in 1886. The author considers the potlach, a form of indigenous government. The Kwakwaka'wakw principles of circulation, transformation, and unity are explored. Boas' relationship with George Hunt, an Indigenous intellectual and shaman, is considered. The more general issue of the influence of colonized people on colonizers and Western thought is also addressed.