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The article focuses on the need for clinical ethics fellowship programs to adopt anti-racist practices and address racial inequities in their recruitment and mentorship processes. Topics include the establishment of diversity standards for recruitment; the development of culturally responsive mentorship practices; and the integration of structural competency into fellows' training to enhance their understanding of systemic racism in healthcare.

The authors comment on the urgency of the decision when the patient has indications for dialysis. Topics discussed include actions that should be taken by the team during this situation, different options that should be told to the patient for him to make an informed decision, and common theme that arose in a study of advanced kidney disease patients who decided to forgo dialysis.

The article discusses not limiting treatment options on patients due to suspected self-denial/self-deception/unrealistic optimism as in the article by Blumenthal-Barby and Ubel in 2018. Topics covered include the paradox of simultaneously informing patients and holding their disparate beliefs on potential outcomes, and the episodic nature of clinical ethics consultation. Also noted is the dynamic character of expressions of denial.