21 results
Search Results
2. Might We Practice What We'ved Preached? Thoughts on the Special Issue Papers
- Author
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Jean Ann Linney
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Community level ,Ecology ,Process (engineering) ,Ecology (disciplines) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Community change ,Context (language use) ,Social Environment ,Community Mental Health Services ,Organizational Innovation ,Health psychology ,Humans ,Psychology ,Engineering ethics ,Quality (business) ,Sociology ,Social science ,Set (psychology) ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Commentary on the papers of the special issue identifies and discusses four themes: 1) strategies to bridge the gap between science and practice, 2) sources of community science questions of interest, 3) choice and quality of methods, and 4) epistemology and useful language for community science. The commentary identifies some limitations in the models proposed by the special issue authors, and proposes renewed attention to ecology, context and process in community change initiatives, calling for a common set of community level measures as one strategy to advance a community centered science agenda.
- Published
- 2005
3. Selling Innovations Like Soap: The Interactive Systems Framework and Social Marketing.
- Author
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McAlindon, Kathryn
- Subjects
SOCIAL marketing ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,TRANSLATIONAL research ,COMMUNITY change ,SOCIAL disorganization ,INTERACTIVE marketing - Abstract
Despite the popularity and noted utility of Wandersman and colleagues' (2008) Interactive Systems Framework, the literature currently provides a primary focus on delivery organizations' and supportive stakeholders' capacities and strategies to implement innovations, presenting a critical gap in understanding. Unfortunately, reflective of a larger void in community dissemination and implementation efforts, there is a more limited focus on the dissemination of innovations. This paper presents the social marketing literature as a supplement to the Prevention Synthesis and Translation System ( PSTS), the system responsible for dissemination. The study and practice of innovation synthesis and translation is examined in the literature; and based on the conclusions drawn, social marketing theory is used to provide a systematic approach to improving dissemination within the Interactive Systems Framework. Specifically, three gaps related to the PSTS are identified in the literature that align with and can be filled using social marketing. Social marketing is defined and presented as a supplement by providing theory and practices, within a systems context, for effectively communicating and influencing change. By blending social marketing with the Interactive Systems Framework, the aim is to improve the understanding of strategic communication and its role in the effective dissemination, and subsequent implementation, of innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The ABLe Change Framework: A Conceptual and Methodological Tool for Promoting Systems Change.
- Author
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Foster-Fishman, Pennie G. and Watson, Erin R.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY change ,ACTION research ,CASE studies ,ACTIVE learning - Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to the design and implementation of community change efforts like a System of Care. Called the ABLe Change Framework, the model provides simultaneous attention to the content and process of the work, ensuring effective implementation and the pursuit of systems change. Three key strategies are employed in this model to ensure the integration of content and process efforts and effective mobilization of broad scale systems change: Systemic Action Learning Teams, Simple Rules, and Small Wins. In this paper we describe the ABLe Change Framework and present a case study in which we successfully applied this approach to one system of care effort in Michigan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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5. Cultivating Systemic Capacity: The Rhode Island Tobacco Control Enhancement Project.
- Author
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Florin, Paul, Celebucki, Carolyn, Stevenson, John, Mena, Jasmine, Salago, Dawn, White, Andrew, Harvey, Betty, and Dougal, Marianela
- Subjects
TOBACCO use ,COMMUNITY development ,TECHNICAL assistance ,COMMUNITY change ,SOCIAL action - Abstract
This paper describes the Rhode Island Tobacco Control Enhancement Project (TCEP), a state-university-community technical assistance system. TCEP was developed under the auspices of the Rhode Island Department of Health's Tobacco Control program and was designed to build capacity among nine community-based organizations to mount comprehensive tobacco control interventions in five diverse communities within the state. This paper: (1) provides a description of community mobilization ; (2) presents a logic model for planning and decision making used by state-university-community partners; (3) describes training, technical assistance services and implementation; and, (4) describes the evaluation and program improvement activities used to support on-going project development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Applying a Theory of Change Approach to Interagency Planning in Child Mental Health.
- Author
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Hernandez, Mario and Hodges, Sharon
- Subjects
CHILD psychology ,MENTAL health ,COMMUNITY change ,MENTAL health services ,INTERAGENCY coordination ,SOCIAL planning - Abstract
This paper describes the use of a theory of change approach to community-based cross-agency service planning for children with serious emotional disturbance and their families. Public agency planners in Contra Costa County, California used the theory of change approach to organize service planning for a population of youth who had been arrested and involved with juvenile probation. The theory of change process described in this paper links community outcomes with planned activities with the assumptions or principles that underlie the community planning efforts. When complete, a theory of change logic model can serve as a guide for implementation, ensuring that community plans for service delivery remain true to their intent. The theory of change development process includes twelve stages and is based on a step-by-step approach. Theory of change logic models establish a context for articulating a community's shared beliefs and prompt local stakeholders to establish logical connections between the population to be served, expected results, and strategies intended to achieve those results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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7. Assessment of Quality of Outcomes within a Local United Way Organization: Implications for Sustaining System Level Change.
- Author
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Julian, David A. and Kombarakaran, Francis
- Subjects
COMMUNITY change ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,SOCIAL planning ,RACE relations ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
This paper provides a historical case study of efforts to implement and sustain “outcomes based funding” in a large United Way system in Central Ohio. The case study describes how community practitioners employed specific strategies to promote sustainability. The use of these strategies corresponds to several techniques suggested in the sustainability literature. This case study is offered as a means of considering how practitioners helped sustain the shift to outcomes based funding within the United Way system. In addition, this case study demonstrates how skills related to implementation and sustainability might be transferred to other situations where practitioners are interested in promoting change within large organizations and/or communities. The authors suggest that skills related to implementation and sustainability are essential to community practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Utilizing Program Evaluation as a Strategy to Promote Community Change: Evaluation of a Comprehensive, Community-Based, Family Violence Initiative.
- Author
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Kaufman, Joy S., Crusto, Cindy A., Quan, Michael, Ross, Ellen, Friedman, Stacey R., O'Rielly, Kim, and Call, Stephanie
- Subjects
COMMUNITY change ,CHILDREN & violence ,DOMESTIC violence ,SOCIAL change ,PARTICIPANT observation ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
This paper describes the authors’ work in a community that received Federal funding for an integrated system of care to reduce the impact and incidence of exposure to violence for children less than six years of age. The paper includes a review of the conceptual framework that guided the work of the authors and provides a brief overview of the issue of family violence, the impact of this violence on young children, and the Federal response to this issue. In addition, a description of the Initiative and the community in which it was based is provided along with some aspects of the evaluation plan. Finally, the authors discuss how their work with this Initiative depicts an approach to facilitating change within communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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9. A Heuristic Framework for Understanding the Role of Participatory Decision Making in Community-Based Non-Profits.
- Author
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Bess, Kimberly D., Perkins, Douglas D., Cooper, Daniel G., and Jones, Diana L.
- Subjects
COMMUNITY organization ,COMMUNITY change ,DECISION making ,COMMUNITY psychologists ,ORGANIZATIONAL learning ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
This paper explores the role of member participation in decision-making (PDM) from an organizational learning (OL) perspective. Community-based organizations (CBOs) serve as mediators between the individual and the local community, often providing the means for community member participation and benefiting organizationally from members' input. Community psychologists have recognized these benefits; however, the field has paid less attention to the role participation plays in increasing CBOs' capacity to meet community needs. We present a framework for exploring how CBO contextual factors influence the use of participatory decision-making structures and practices, and how these affect OL. We then use the framework to examine PDM in qualitative case study analysis of four CBOs: a youth development organization, a faith-based social action coalition, a low-income neighborhood organization, and a large human service agency. We found that organizational form, energy, and culture each had a differential impact on participation in decision making within CBOs. We highlight how OL is constrained in CBOs and document how civic aims and voluntary membership enhanced participation and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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10. Putting the system back into systems change: a framework for understanding and changing organizational and community systems.
- Author
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Foster-Fishman, Pennie G., Nowell, Branda, and Yang, Huilan
- Subjects
HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH policy ,COMMUNITY change ,HUMAN services ,CHANGE agents ,SYSTEM analysis ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Systems change has emerged as a dominant frame through which local, state, and national funders and practitioners across a wide array of fields approach their work. In most of these efforts, change agents and scholars strive to shift human services and community systems to create better and more just outcomes and improve the status quo. Despite this, there is a dearth of frameworks that scholars, practitioners, and funders can draw upon to aid them in understanding, designing, and assessing this process from a systemic perspective. This paper provides one framework—grounded in systems thinking and change literatures—for understanding and identifying the fundamental system parts and interdependencies that can help to explain system functioning and leverage systems change. The proposed framework highlights the importance of attending to both the deep and apparent structures within a system as well as the interactions and interdependencies among these system parts. This includes attending to the dominant normative, resource, regulative, and operational characteristics that dictate the behavior and lived experiences of system members. The value of engaging critical stakeholders in problem definition, boundary construction, and systems analysis are also discussed. The implications of this framework for systems change researchers and practitioners are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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11. Spreadsheets, Service Providers, and the Statehouse: Using Data and the Wraparound Process to Reform Systems for Children and Families.
- Author
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Bruns, Eric J., Rast, Jim, Peterson, Christa, Walker, Janet, and Bosworth, Jone
- Subjects
COMMUNITY change ,SOCIAL problems ,CHILD welfare ,MENTAL health ,INFORMATION sharing ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
Evaluation descriptions in the research literature tend to ignore the full context of the community change efforts from which they emerged. In this paper, we describe a range of evaluation studies and data collection activities conducted over the course of one state’s effort to reform its child welfare system on behalf of families with children experiencing serious mental health problems. Initial activities included studies of the prevalence of unmet mental health need in children and youth in the state. As these needs were addressed, evaluation activities examined the impact of a pilot wraparound program that became a major part of systems reform. Later efforts included implementation analysis of wraparound programs and assessment of priorities for continued systems reform. As we describe this set of evaluation activities, we discuss how data collection evolved to meet the needs of stakeholders over time and consider lessons learned about the roles of research and information sharing in shaping community change efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Can Community Change Be Measured for an Outcomes-Based Initiative? A Comparative Case Study of the Success by 6® Initiative.
- Author
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Minich, Lisa, Howe, Steven, Langmeyer, Daniel, and Corcoran, Kevin
- Subjects
COMMUNITY change ,NONPROFIT organizations ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,BEHAVIOR ,SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
One of the challenges facing nonprofit organizations today is the demand for measurable results. Increasingly, these organizations are focusing less on program outputs and program outcomes in favor of community outcomes or changes demonstrated in the larger community. Success by 6® is a popular United Way initiative that emphasizes defining and measuring community outcomes. In this paper, we describe our work with 24 Success by 6® initiatives around the country. It is clear that not all of these initiatives are measuring community outcomes. Of those initiatives that are experiencing some success measuring community outcomes, similar measurement strategies are reported. Additionally, our experience suggests several United Way employees express dissatisfaction with the logic model as a framework for defining and measuring community outcomes although no preferred alternative model is identified. Evaluators working with community-wide initiatives must find ways to communicate the differences between program and community outcomes to key stakeholders and funders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Using Methods That Matter: The Impact of Reflection, Dialogue, and Voice.
- Author
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Foster-Fishman, Pennie, Nowell, Branda, Deacon, Zermarie, Nievar, M. Angela, and McCann, Peggy
- Subjects
COMMUNITY psychology ,SELF-efficacy ,SOCIAL justice ,COMMUNITIES ,COMMUNITY change ,DIALOGUE - Abstract
In recent years, the field of community psychology has given considerable attention to how research and evaluation methods should be designed to support our goals of empowerment and social justice. Yet, as a field, we have given much less attention to whether the use of our methods actually achieves or supports our empowerment agenda. With the primary purpose of beginning to establish the norm of reporting on the impacts of our methods, this paper reports on the findings from interviews of 16 youth and adults who had participated in one participatory evaluation method (Photovoice). Two specific questions were examined: (1) What is the impact of participating in a Photovoice effort; and (2) How does the method of Photovoice foster these impacts? Overall, participants noted that they were significantly affected by their experiences as photographers and through their dialogue with neighbors during Photovoice group sessions. Impacts ranged from an increased sense of control over their own lives to the emergence of the kinds of awareness, relationships, and efficacy supportive of participants becoming community change agents. According to participants, Photovoice fostered these changes by (a) empowering them as experts on their lives and community, (b) fostering deep reflection, and (c) creating a context safe for exploring diverse perspectives. The implications of these findings for the science and practice of community psychology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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14. Reframing Coalitions as Systems Interventions: A Network Study Exploring the Contribution of a Youth Violence Prevention Coalition to Broader System Capacity
- Author
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Bess, Kimberly D.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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15. Transforming Individual Civic Engagement into Community Collective Efficacy: The Role of Bonding Social Capital
- Author
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Collins, Charles R., Neal, Jennifer Watling, and Neal, Zachary P.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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16. An Investigation of the Dynamic Processes Promoting Citizen Participation.
- Author
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Foster-Fishman, Pennie G., Collins, Charles, and Pierce, Steven J.
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,LEADERSHIP ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,COMMUNITY change ,COMMUNITY life research - Abstract
This study expanded the citizen participation literature by examining the dynamic nature of citizen participation and the extent to which the factors associated with citizen participation may be moderated by resident leadership status. Longitudinal survey data collected from 542 residents in one small Midwestern city implementing a community change initiative provide some insight into the challenges surrounding the promotion of an active citizenry. Within this one community, citizenship behaviors of emergent resident leaders and residents uninterested in a leadership role were influenced, to some extent, by different factors and the importance of these factors shifted in only a 2 years time span. Future research is needed to determine if the dynamics uncovered in this study were due to the initiative or to the nature of citizen participation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Unikkaartuit: Meanings of Well-Being, Unhappiness, Health, and Community Change Among Inuit in Nunavut, Canada.
- Author
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Kral, Michael J., Idlout, Lori, Minore, J. Bruce, Dyck, Ronald J., and Kirmayer, Laurence J.
- Subjects
COMMUNITIES ,WELL-being ,HEALTH ,HAPPINESS ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
Suicide among young Inuit in the Canadian Arctic is at an epidemic level. In order to understand the distress and well-being experienced in Inuit communities, a first step in understanding collective suicide, this qualitative study was designed. Fifty Inuit were interviewed in two Inuit communities in Nunavut, Canada, and questionnaires asking the same questions were given to 66 high school and college students. The areas of life investigated here were happiness and wellbeing, unhappiness, healing, and community and personal change. Three themes emerged as central to well-being: the family, talking/communication, and traditional Inuit cultural values and practices. The absence of these factors were most closely associated with unhappiness. Narratives about community and personal change were primarily about family, intergenerational segregation, an increasing population, more trouble in romantic relationships among youth, drug use, and poverty. Change over time was viewed primarily as negative. Discontinuity of kinship structure and function appears to be the most harmful effect of the internal colonialism imposed by the Canadian government in the 1950s and 1960s. Directions toward community control and action are encouraging, and are highlighted. Inuit community action toward suicide prevention and community wellness is part of a larger movement of Indigenous self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Sex Differences in the Effects of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Social Organization on Rural Adolescents’ Aggression Trajectories.
- Author
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Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., Foshee, Vangie A., Ennett, Susan T., and Suchindran, Chirayath
- Subjects
SEX differences (Biology) ,SOCIAL structure ,RURAL youth ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,SOCIAL interaction ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIAL disorganization ,COMMUNITY change - Abstract
We determined whether effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on trajectories of aggression were moderated or mediated by neighborhood social organization and examined sex differences in neighborhood effects for rural adolescents. We used five waves of survey data collected over 2.5 years linked with neighborhood data from interviews with parents and the US Census. The sample ( N = 5,118) was 50.1% female, 52.0% white and 38.3% African–American; average age at baseline was 13.1 years. Multilevel growth curve models for both girls and boys showed no significant interactions between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and indicators of social organization. Neither sample showed evidence of mediated effects. In main effects models, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with the average aggression trajectory for girls. For boys, the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and social disorganization appeared to be confounded with each other. Neighborhood disadvantage is detrimental for rural girls regardless of the level of social organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Differential Effects of Strategic Planning on Community Change in Two Urban Neighborhood Coalitions
- Author
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Watson-Thompson, Jomella, Fawcett, Stephen B., and Schultz, Jerry A.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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20. The Paradoxes and Promise of Community Coalitions
- Author
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Chavis, David M.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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21. Accomplishing structural change: identifying intermediate indicators of success
- Author
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Robin Lin, Miller, Sarah J, Reed, Vincent, Francisco, and Jennifer, Huang
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Organizational innovation ,Adolescent ,Population ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Community change ,Sample (statistics) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Efficiency, Organizational ,Community Networks ,Article ,medicine ,Humans ,Organizational Objectives ,education ,Applied Psychology ,Quality Indicators, Health Care ,education.field_of_study ,Public economics ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organizational Innovation ,United States ,Dilemma ,Health psychology ,Business ,Public Health ,Strengths and weaknesses - Abstract
Coalitions are routinely employed across the United States as a method of mobilizing communities to improve local conditions that impact on citizens’ well-being. Success in achieving specific objectives for environmental or structural community change may not quickly translate into improved population outcomes in the community, posing a dilemma for coalitions that pursue changes that focus on altering community conditions. Considerable effort by communities to plan for and pursue structural change objectives, without evidence of logical and appropriate intermediate markers of success could lead to wasted effort. Yet, the current literature provides little guidance on how coalitions might select intermediate indicators of achievement to judge their progress and the utility of their effort. The current paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of various indicators of intermediate success in creating structural changes among a sample of 13 coalitions organized to prevent exposure to HIV among high-risk adolescents in their local communities.
- Published
- 2012
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