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I am reporting this case because of its extreme rarity. Although the first case was reported over eighty years before this writing, only twelve similar cases are found in the literature, and only one with observations at necropsy. REPORT OF CASE W. W., a male infant, aged 10 months, was admitted to the Jewish Hospital on July 22, 1930. His mother stated that since birth, on Sept. 8, 1929, he had been having fever at irregular intervals, but only during hot weather. He had to be sponged frequently, and during very hot weather he had to be kept in a continuous bath. He was never known to have sweated, no matter how hot the weather was. For the past ten days he had had vomiting and diarrhea, from four to fifteen watery stools daily, these occasionally showing small amounts of blood. The past history, otherwise, was essentially unimportant except that

In this study of the relation between the results of analyses of duodenal contents and the state of digestion, I have determined the hydrogen ion concentration and the amylase and the trypsin activity, and have made aerobic cultures of 50 specimens of duodenal contents obtained from twenty-five infants. Six of these infants were normal, eight were convalescent from diarrhea (one of these died as a result of pneumonia), six died of diarrhea and five succumbed to bacillary dysentery (Flexner). By the term diarrhea, I refer to all types of infantile diarrhea, except bacillary dysentery. Diarrhea and dysentery can be readily distinguished on clinical as well as on bacteriologic grounds. 1 The patients who died as a result of diarrhea had been losing weight and had had frequent loose, watery stools. Those who were convalescent from diarrhea were gaining weight slowly and had from two to eight semiformed stools daily. METHODS