1. Associations of Source-Specific Fine Particulate Matter With Emergency Department Visits in California.
- Author
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Ostro B, Malig B, Hasheminassab S, Berger K, Chang E, and Sioutas C
- Subjects
- Biomass, California epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases chemically induced, Environmental Exposure analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Environmental Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Humans, Nitrates adverse effects, Nitrates analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter analysis, Regression Analysis, Respiratory Tract Diseases chemically induced, Risk Assessment, Smoke adverse effects, Smoke analysis, Soil Pollutants adverse effects, Soil Pollutants analysis, Sulfates adverse effects, Sulfates analysis, Vehicle Emissions analysis, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology, Urban Health statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
While many studies have investigated the health effects associated with acute exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)), very few have considered the risks of specific sources of PM2.5 We used city-specific source apportionment in 8 major metropolitan areas in California from 2005-2009 to examine the associations of source-specific PM2.5 exposures from vehicular emissions, biomass burning, soil, and secondary nitrate and sulfate sources with emergency department visits (EDVs) for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including 7 subclasses. Using a case-crossover analysis, we observed associations of vehicular emissions with all cardiovascular EDVs (excess risk = 1.6%, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.4 for an interquartile-range increment of 2.8 µg/m(3)) and with several subclasses of disease. In addition, vehicular emissions, biomass burning, and soil sources were associated with all respiratory EDVs and with EDVs for asthma. The soil source, which includes resuspended road dust, generated the highest risk estimate for asthma (excess risk = 4.5%, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 8.0). Overall, our results provide additional evidence of the public health consequences of exposure to specific sources of PM2.5 and indicate that some sources of PM2.5 may pose higher risks than the overall PM2.5 mass., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
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