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(Virtual)Claudia Valeggia, Sofia Olmedo, Melanie Martin, Comunidades Qom10:30AM- 11:30 AMHUMAN BIOLOGY IN PLACE POSTER FLASH TALKS (VIRTUAL) ht Secular changes of the mid-upper arm composition in schoolchildren from the northeastern Patagonia (Chubut, Argentina) / Cambios seculares en la composición corporal del brazo en escolares de la región noreste de la Patagonia (Chubut, Argentina) Bárbara Navazo, Silvia Lucrecia Dahinten Efectividad de la administración de hierro en forma semanal frente a la administración diaria para la prevención de la anemia del lactante. The proposed plenary topics include health, water scarcity, obesity, cold adaptation, high altitude, space exploration, psychosocial stress, and resilience. Lauren Alexandra Landgraf, Michael P Muehlenbein, Tomasz J Nowak, Jeffrey Gassen, Christopher Dana Lynn Exploring the Acceptability of Biomarker Self-Collection among Sexual Minority Men in Canada: Implications for LGBTQ+ focused Human Biology and Population Health Research. His research examines how environmental and social factors shape human biology and health. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Human biological variation in the phenotype is the cornerstone of modern human biology, evolutionary anthropology, and related studies of human evolution. Minimal dialogue, however, has considered human milk to be part of this phenotypic variation. This may reflect researcher bias‐mental models oriented around commercial infant formula and homogenized cow's milk, both of which present milk composition as static. A general lack of research outside primarily Western, well‐nourished populations has also contributed to this underestimation of biological variation. Methods: This review analyzes published research on breast milk composition, developmental metabolic programming, and maternal body composition to articulate the ways in which population‐based studies of human milk outside the United Sates are necessary to better understanding biological variation in human milk phenotypes. Results: This review discusses some of the common issues in current research on the biological variation in human milk composition and argues that anthropological inquiries that frame milk as part of an adaptive phenotype are necessary to better understand the biological significance of human milk composition in the production of human biological variation. Conclusions: Biological anthropology is uniquely positioned to investigate biological variation in human milk, using evolutionary theory, cutting edge biology, and anthropologically informed perspectives that challenge the biomedical framing of lactation and often act to privilege well nourished, primarily western populations and formula feeding as normatives for infant feeding research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure changes in the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the mature breast milk of Jordanian mothers during the first 6 months after giving birth between exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) mothers and non‐exclusively breastfeeding (non‐EBF) mothers. Methods: A longitudinal follow‐up design was used to measure changes in the concentration of IgG and IgM in the mothers' mature milk during the first 6 months after giving birth. Sixty‐nine lactating mothers were recruited in this study. Breast milk samples were collected by mothers themselves in the first, fourth, and sixth months of lactation to measure IgG and IgM concentrations using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: There was a significant difference in IgG and IgM concentrations between EBF and non‐EBF mothers. IgG was higher in the EBF mothers' milk than in the milk of non‐EBF mothers, whereas IgM was not affected by the type of baby feeding. Conclusion: The concentration of immunoglobulins changes in human breast milk along with breastfeeding intervals. EBF enhances the concentration of IgG in breast milk compared to non‐EBF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Researchers and clinicians specializing in breastfeeding often rely on measuring one nursing session to characterize the breastfeeding relationship. However, less is known about the descriptive or statistically predictive characteristics of one nursing session. The purposes of this study are twofold: (1) to explore the relationships between variables in a single nursing session; and (2) to study the association between variables in a single nursing session and infant length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). Methods In 63 nursing mother-infant pairs in the United States, anthropometric measurement and observation of a single nursing session revealed six nursing session variables: fore milk fat percent, hind milk fat percent, infant milk intake, duration of session, time since last session, and time of day of session. Results A principle factor analysis, undertaken to explore latent variables underlying the six session variables, revealed two factors: (1) loaded highly on fore and hind milk fat percentage, reflecting the overall fat percent in a feed; and (2) loaded highly on milk intake and hind milk fat percentage, indicating the process of breast emptying. In multivariate analyses of all session variables on infant LAZ and WAZ, only hind milk fat percentage was significantly negatively associated with LAZ ( β = −0.14, P = .01 (two-tailed), R2 = 0.070), confirmed by a significant negative association between LAZ and factor one ( β = −0.32, P = .05 (two-tailed), R2 = 0.090). Conclusions This research describes the dynamics of a single nursing session, and has the potential to help explain variation in infant growth and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue, co-editors Josh Snodgrass and Geeta Eick have brought together a group of prominent young researchers to discuss their innovative applications of minimally invasive biomarkers. DuBois et al. (2021) consider the effective use of minimally invasive biomarkers for advancing gender/sex research in human biology. Biocultural approaches to transgender and gender diverse experience and health: Integrating biomarkers and advancing gender/sex research. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT Background A recent report suggested that human milk (HM) composition not only changes with lactation stages but also vary according to gender of the offspring. In spite of available literature, the dynamic changes of HM composition still remain to be completely explored and characterized. Progress in analytical technologies together with quantitative sampling of HM allows for a better quantification of HM nutrients and thereby providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of HM secretion. Objective To characterize and quantify HM nutrients based on appropriate for analyses sampling procedures and advanced analytical methodologies. Clinical study design We conducted an observatory, single center, longitudinal trial with HM collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers (singleton-deliveries of 25 male and 25 female infants). HM samples were analyzed for lipid, lactose, energy density, fatty acids, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Longitudinal analyses of the datasets have been carried out using linear mixed models. Results HM for male infants compared to females at 120 days, were higher for energy content and lipids by 24 and 39%, respectively. Similarly, other bioactive lipids such as linoleic acid, phospholipids and gangliosides were also significantly different based on the gender of the infant. Significant stage-based differences were observed for total lipids, energy density, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Such difference in HM composition may stem from different energy needs to cope up for individual growth and development. Conclusion Collectively, the current observations affirm that HM secretion, especially the lipid composition, is a very dynamic and personalized biological process. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:770-779, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is increasing evidence that breastfeeding has long-term effects on offspring biology and health, which has heightened interest in understanding the extent of variation in breast milk composition and its underlying determinants. Here, we report variation in milk macronutrient composition in a well-characterized cohort of young Filipino mothers and test underlying maternal predictors of this variation. Methods: Morning breast milk samples, anthropometrics, dietary recalls, and other interview data were collected in 102 Filipino young breastfeeding mothers (age range 24.6-25.4 years) living in Cebu City, Philippines. Milk samples were analyzed for protein, fat, sugar, and milk energy density. Regression models were used to test associations between milk macronutrient composition and maternal diet, body composition, breastfeeding duration, and feeding frequency. Results: Consistent with past studies, milk fat and energy increased with duration of breastfeeding; there were no associations between maternal diet or percent body fat and milk composition with the exception of a modest, inverse association between maternal adiposity and milk sugar content. Conclusions: The relative lack of associations between maternal diet or body composition and milk composition at Cebu is consistent with past studies and suggests that milk composition may be buffered against fluctuations in maternal dietary intake or nutritional status. We speculate that the tendency for milk composition to vary between populations faced with different nutritional ecologies, but to show minimal responsiveness to intake during lactation, may enhance the reliability of milk composition as a stable intergenerational cue of typical local environmental quality. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]