1. Canagliflozin Prevents Intrarenal Angiotensinogen Augmentation and Mitigates Kidney Injury and Hypertension in Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Author
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Akemi Katsurada, Ryousuke Satou, Vivian Fonseca, Kayoko Miyata, Courtney M Dugas, L. Gabriel Navar, T. Cooper Woods, and Natasha C Klingenberg
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Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary system ,Angiotensinogen ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Kidney ,Diet, High-Fat ,Article ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Kidney Tubules, Proximal ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Canagliflozin ,Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ,business.industry ,Sodium ,medicine.disease ,Up-Regulation ,Renal glucose reabsorption ,Oxidative Stress ,Glucose ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Nephrology ,Hypertension ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Hypertension and renal injury are common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia stimulates renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) expression via elevated oxidative stress contributing to the development of high blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy. The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in proximal tubules is responsible for the majority of glucose reabsorption by renal tubules. We tested the hypothesis that SGLT2 inhibition with canagliflozin (CANA) prevents intrarenal AGT augmentation and ameliorates kidney injury and hypertension in T2DM. Methods: We induced T2DM in New Zealand obese mice with a high fat diet (DM, 30% fat) with control mice receiving regular fat diet (ND, 4% fat). When DM mice exhibited > 350 mg/dL blood glucose levels, both DM- and ND-fed mice were treated with 10 mg/kg/day CANA or vehicle by oral gavage for 6 weeks. We evaluated intrarenal AGT, blood pressure, and the development of kidney injury. Results: Systolic blood pressure in DM mice (133.9 ± 2.0 mm Hg) was normalized by CANA (113.9 ± 4.0 mm Hg). CANA treatment ameliorated hyperglycemia-associated augmentation of renal AGT mRNA (148 ± 21 copies/ng RNA in DM, and 90 ± 16 copies/ng RNA in DM + CANA) and protein levels as well as elevation of urinary 8-isoprostane levels. Tubular fibrosis in DM mice (3.4 ± 0.9-fold, fibrotic score, ratio to ND) was suppressed by CANA (0.9 ± 0.3-fold). Furthermore, CANA attenuated DM associated increased macrophage infiltration and cell proliferation in kidneys of DM mice. Conclusions: CANA prevents intrarenal AGT upregulation and oxidative stress and which may mitigate high blood pressure, renal tubular fibrosis, and renal inflammation in T2DM.
- Published
- 2019
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