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Starch gel and paper electrophoresis determinations were performed in the bloods of 532 Indians and 123 Mestizos. The individuals tested belong to the Aweikoma, Caingang, Guarani, Xavante and Cayapo tribes and live in several places in Southern, Central and Northern Brazil. No abnormal types were observed in the putatively “pure blood” individuals; among the Mestizos only one AS person was found. Data concerning the hemoglobin types of Indians living in eight other South American countries are also reviewed.

This paper reports the results of tests made for hereditary antigens in blood samples procured from Indians in northern Brazil. Specimens were procured from 423 putatively full-blood persons of the following tribes: in the province of Roraima from 261 Macuxi, 48 Uaica, 27 Xirixano, 10 Uapixana, 9 Cacarapai and 9 Paramiteri; in Para from 21 Assurini; and in Amapa from 38 Galibi. Erythrocyte samples were tested for factors in the A-B-O, M-N-S-s, P, Rh-Hr, Lutheran, Kell-Cellano, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd and Diego systems. Serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins. Hemolysates, prepared from whole blood, were tested for hemoglobin types. The results are presented on appropriate tables as number and per cent of phenotypes for the various blood group anigens and their calculated gene frequencies. Locations from which blood samples were procured are listed in the tables and shown on a map (fig. 1). All the 423 samples except one Macuxi belonged to group O. The Uaica tribe had a low frequency for M (0.534). All others showed the high frequency usually observed in Amerinds. The s allele was high in all except the Galibi in which the frequency was (0.500). Frequencies for P2 was higher than for P1 in all except the Assurini and Galibi, theirs was high for P1 (1.00) and low for P2 (0.00). The frequencies for R1 (CDe) and R2 (cDE) were high and all others in the Rh-Hr system were low or absent. All specimens were positive for Cellano (k) and negative for Kell (K). There was a complete absence of Lewis (Le1), excepting in the Uaica and Xirixano in which populations Fya allele frequencies were higher than 0.500. The distribution of the Jk (a+) phenotype and corresponding ellele frequencies varied widely in Brazilian Indians as did those for Diego (a+). The haptoglobin Hp1 allele frequencies were in essential agreement with those reported elsewhere for Indians in South America, and all transferrins determined were classified as Tf C. All samples tested for homoglobin types contained homoglobin (A) as a major component, but five members of the Galibi tribe possessed hemoglobin (S) as well.