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The authors shares their views on the role of physiology as the basis of cardiovascular medicine. The authors point that physiology could facilitate clinical medicine to address the individual in a flow of measures and observations, potentially leading to action for therapy or prevention. Mathematical modeling, as in the case of cardiovascular beat-by-beat variability, can offer information to guide action.

The authors reflect on the possibility to predict results in distance runners using autonomic monitoring. They state that the assessment of autonomic nervous system has been widely used to monitor athletic training in other sports including rowing. They present the combination of various autonomic indexes used to provide an overall profile of regulation and dysregulation. They mention a technique that is capable to monitor training over time while predicting the future individual performance.