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Memorializes Janis S. Bohan (1945-2021). Janis was a profound thinker, a prolific researcher, and an indefatigable activist, whose contributions influenced feminist and lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and other gender and sexual minorities (LGBTQ+) scholarship. During the 1990s, she published pivotal articles in Psychology of Women Quarterly which brought to psychologists' attention critical advances and trenchant debates in feminist theory. During her long retirement, Janis engaged in many volunteer activities and extensive political activism, both locally and nationally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Memorializes Rachel T. Hare-Musitn (1928-2020). She was a distinguished scholar, a pioneering feminist family therapist, and a dedicated leader in the American Psychological Association (APA). Her intellectual legacy includes two books and nearly 120 articles and chapters on professional ethics, gender theory in psychological research, gender relations in contem porary (heterosexual) couples, and feminist critiques of family ther apy theories. She served as president of the American Family Therapy Association (1990-1991). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Presents an obituary for Edward E. Sampson (1934-2019). Sampson was a brilliant critical psychologist and social commentator. As a child he aspired to become "a song and dance man" but settled for being an inspiring teacher, ground-breaking writer, and skillful (and humorous) public speaker. When he laughed or danced, he bore a remarkable likeness to the famous Gene Kelly. He was effortlessly charismatic and yet suspicious of the leader-follower dynamic, a tension that moved him to eschew public leadership roles and self-promotion. Sampson's sociopolitical vision, personal and professional integrity, and creative intelligence are an inspiration to all who read his work, knew him, or learned from him. The world is a poorer place for his absence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Mary Brown Parlee was a pioneer feminist scholar who made noteworthy and enduring contributions to the study of the menstrual cycle. Parlee died in Somerville, Massachusetts, on June 27, 2018, following a hemorrhagic stroke. Throughout her career, Parlee devoted considerable energy to educating the public about psychology and to correcting misapprehensions about women that the discipline had promulgated. In the late 1970s, she served as an associate editor for Psychology Today , which was then a well-regarded popular scientific publication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Replies to comments by Winston & Maher (see record 2015-45553-005), Abi-Hashem (see record 2015-45553-006), and Hook & Watkins (see record 2015-45553-007), on the original article by Christopher et al. (see record 2014-20055-001). In this brief response, the authors clarify some elements of their thinking and address some misconceptions put forward by the commentators., ((c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).)

We address the significance and implications of the formal entry of qualitative inquiry into the American Psychological Association. In our view, the discipline is enriched in new and important ways. Most prominently, the qualitative movement brings with it a pluralist orientation to knowledge and to practices of inquiry. Adding to the traditional view of knowledge as empirically supported theory are research practices congenial with varying accounts of knowledge, including, for example, knowledge as hermeneutic understanding, social construction, and practice-based experience. Added to the goal of prediction are investments in increasing cultural understanding, challenging cultural conventions, and directly fostering social change. The qualitative movement also enriches the discipline as a whole through the special ways in which it inspires new ranges of theory, fosters minority inclusion, and invites interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, the movement holds promise in terms of the discipline's contribution to society at large. Here we focus on the advantages of knowing with others in addition to about them, and on ways in which qualitative work enhances communication with the society and the world. Realizing these potentials will depend on developments in responsible research and reporting, academic and journal policies, along with the discipline's capacities for appreciating a more comprehensive orientation to inquiry., (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.)

The number of psychologists whose work crosses cultural boundaries is increasing. Without a critical awareness of their own cultural grounding, they risk imposing the assumptions, concepts, practices, and values of U.S.-centered psychology on societies where they do not fit, as a brief example from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami shows. Hermeneutic thinkers offer theoretical resources for gaining cultural awareness. Culture, in the hermeneutic view, is the constellation of meanings that constitutes a way of life. Such cultural meanings-especially in the form of folk psychologies and moral visions-inevitably shape every psychology, including U.S. psychology. The insights of hermeneutics, as well as its conceptual resources and research approaches, open the way for psychological knowledge and practice that are more culturally situated., ((PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).)

Carol Nagy (Jacklin) was a pioneer scholar of gender as well as a steadfast advocate for women's rights. She was born in Chicago in February 23, 1939. She died of cancer on August 8, 2011, at the age of 72. Carol was a developmental psychologist whose work focused mainly on babies and preschool-age children. She is best known as the co-author (with Eleanor Maccoby) of the groundbreaking volume The Psychology of Sex Differences (Stanford University Press, 1974).

Postmodern scholarship poses significant challenges to pivotal assumptions of individual knowledge, objectivity, and truth. In their place, an emphasis is placed on the communal construction of knowledge, objectivity as a relational achievement, and language as a pragmatic medium through which local truths are constituted. Although these developments in understanding may seem opposed to psychological science, they are not. Rather, they invite a new range of questions about the potentials of traditional research. These questions are vitally concerned with the significance of such inquiry in cultural life. More importantly, this emerging view of psychological science opens new and exciting vistas of theoretical, methodological, and practical significance. Increasing manifestations of movement in these directions suggest the possibility of profound change in the profession.

Americans now live in a time and a place in which freedom and autonomy are valued above all else and in which expanded opportunities for self-determination are regarded as a sign of the psychological well-being of individuals and the moral well-being of the culture. This article argues that freedom, autonomy, and self-determination can become excessive, and that when that happens, freedom can be experienced as a kind of tyranny. The article further argues that unduly influenced by the ideology of economics and rational-choice theory, modern American society has created an excess of freedom, with resulting increases in people's dissatisfaction with their lives and in clinical depression. One significant task for a future psychology of optimal functioning is to deemphasize individual freedom and to determine which cultural constraints are necessary for people to live meaningful and satisfying lives.

Recent work on the psychology of gender has emphasized comparisons of men and women. Such comparisons rest on a view of gender as an individual difference or psychological attribute. Feminist theorists have challenged this view as limited and inadequate. In place of it, a variety of alternative conceptions of gender are emerging. These conceptions shift the focus of analysis from the individual to interpersonal and institutional arenas. Moreover, they dispute the idea of gender as static, unitary, and separable from other markers of social identity and status. In contrast to Alice Eagly (1995), I assert that the production of knowledge (whether by scientific procedures or other means) is not set apart from society, but rather is always and inevitably embedded within it. Therefore, I call for efforts to uncover the ways in which psychological knowledge is shaped by ongoing societal struggles and cultural politics.