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Background: To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with nephritic colic in a referral hospital, their monitoring and the incidence of alternative diagnoses., Methods: This is a retrospective review of 182 randomly selected patients who presented a clinical diagnosis compatible with nephritic colic in a referral hospital. In these cases initial treatment, monitoring and alternative diagnoses have been evaluated., Results: Fifty-five point four percent of the patients were male, the mean age was 47.7 years and 40% of the cases were in spring. Urinalysis was carried out in every patient (62.7% dipstick and 72% urinary sediment); they were pathological in over 70%. In 26.4% of cases renal function deteriorated, always transiently. Abdominal radiography (81.9%) was the most frequently diagnostic test performed, followed by ultrasound (25.8%). Treatment included a serum therapy in 31.3%; metamizol (61%) was the most commonly used analgesic followed by ketorolac (44.5%). More than one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory was used by 46.2%. Hospital admission was required by 24 patients, and 5 of them needed emergency surgery. Twenty-four point one percent of patients had relapses during the next six months. Forty-one point six percent were referred to urology discharge on from the emergency room. Eighteen point one percent of patients had alternative diagnoses; acute pyelonephritis was the most frequent of these (55%)., Conclusions: In our work we found a significant variation in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients. The use of clinical guidelines could help us to unify the management of patients with nephritic colic, both in the emergency room and on discharge. Due to the high prevalence of alternative diagnoses, we have to systematically exclude more serious diseases.