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Objective: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is characterized by the decreased rate of contrast progression in epicardial coronary arteries in the absence of significant coronary stenosis. Mounting evidence has showed a significant association between inflammation and CSFP severity. This study aimed to evaluate possible associations between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), IL-1β -511 single nucleotide (SNP), and IL-1β+3954 SNP mutations with CSFP. Methods: Forty-eight patients with CSFP and 62 controls with angiographically normal coronary arteries were prospectively enrolled in the study. Genotypes were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: Homozygote genotype for allele 2 of+3954 C>T 2/2 genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with CSFP than in the control group, whereas 1/2 genotype was more frequent in the control group (35.4% versus 14.5% for 2/2 genotype and 25% versus 35.5% for 1/2 genotype in CSFP and control groups, respectively, X²=6.6, p=0.04). The allelic frequency of allele 2 of this polymorphism was significantly higher in the CSFP group than in the control group (47.9% versus 28.6% in the control group, X²=5.6, p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference with regard to genotype or allelic frequencies of IL-1ra VNTR or IL-1β-511 SNP polymorphisms between patients with CSFP and controls. Conclusion: IL-1β+3954 SNP mutations are significantly more common in patients with CSFP. It may suggest that the tendency for inflammation may contribute to the presence of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 40-year-old-woman suffering from exertional dyspnea for more than 3 months and was later diagnosed to be suffering from ventricular septal aneurysm and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM). The Transthoracic echocardiography (2-D-TTE) of the woman should left ventricular hypertrophy with interventricular septum. Later coronary angiography was performed on her showing no signs of coronary artery disease but of HCM and severe mitral regurgitation.

The article presents a case study of a 29 year-old man who had undergone valvulotomy for congenital aortic stenosis (AS) due to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and admitted to hospital with rest dyspnoea. It mentions Chest X-ray and laboratory parameters were normal. It informs about three dimensional (3-D) echocardiography which identified subaortic membrane extending to the left ventricular posterolateral wall associated with BAV.

The article presents case study of a 80-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to weakness and loss of appetite, and states that the patient had past medical history of severe aortic stenosis and double coronary artery bypass grafting, and had also undergone bioprostetic aortic valve replacement. It discusses the findings of Two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography, in which moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation were revealed.

The article presents a case study of a 54-year old male patient who was suffering from ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa.

The article discusses a case study of a 33-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of chest pain. His electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm and ST elevation in inferior leads while coronary angiography revealed fistulae originating from the left main coronary artery and circumflex artery. Further his determine computed images which revealed multiple, dilated, and tortuous fistulae.