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The emergence of gay pride politics in Argentina takes places in the 1960s and 1970s in the context of the tensions between medical and criminological discourses on homosexuality, which respectively proposed that homosexuality was an immorality that should be criminally punished or an illness that could be treated. The conclusion is that, faced with an increase in police violence, maricas, gay men and transgender people tactically appropriated medical discourses, identifying themselves as sick and allying with medical doctors in their attempts to decriminalize sexual inversion. Then, in the context of the climate of cultural modernization, they would use the pretensions of scientific objectivity of medicine to demand the de-pathologization of homosexuality, abandoning the discourse of victimization, narrating their experiences as joyful, and mobilizing their base through the category of pride. The paper is based on the historiographic analysis of an extensive corpus of mass-circulation press, political organizations' material, medical treatises and first-person documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a question about the "diasporic" position of certain authors of cultural criticism in Latin America, always halfway between academic affiliation and a kind of fractious position regarding their increasingly bureaucratized practices of knowledge administration, this paper proposes a reading of three representative texts by the Brazilian-Argentine critic Raul Antelo: Crítica acéfala, Archifilologías latinoamericanas. Lecturas tras el agotamiento and A ruinologia. These strange and problematic texts seem to be articulated from a position that not only (post)critically revises the foundations of more conventional criticism, but also moves toward the behavior of the most radical bids of artistic conceptualism; in other words, in them criticism becomes an act: intervention. And therein lies its forceful emergence in the framework of contemporary literary and cultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the literature about Revista Moderna (1898-1903) and Revista Moderna de México (1903-1911) assumes that both publications integrate a single editorial project because of its affiliation with the Latin American modernism, particularly with that of the second generation, which presented a more decadent aspect. Although some scholars have noted the differences between the two formats, the petit revue and the North American styled magazine, the truth is that Revista Moderna de México has been reviewed in very similar terms to its predecessor, that is, as a literary, elitist and minority magazine, representative of a group with a specific literary positioning. In this paper, I will examine some of the devices that the editors of Revista Moderna de México used to articulate this transformation not only of format, but also of discursive positioning, mediated by the political and publishing market conditions from that time. This study pretends to draw attention to the set of negotiations and resistance that some agents of the literary field carried out through their professionalization process and their search for an alleged autonomy regarding other recognition figures during the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, studies on masculinities have become a growing field of scholarship in Argentina. This paper provides a preliminary state of the art and critical account of the latest research on the topic. We emphasize the relation of these studies with others on sexual diversity, identifying important ongoing debates and alerting about vacant areas of inquiry. Focusing on an assessment of both fields' most important contributions, the paper deals with two major sets of disciplines: history, sociology and anthropology on one hand, and literary, cinematographic and cultural studies on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of a broader investigation into the imaginaries of the afterworld in present-day Argentine literature, this paper aims at addressing the ways in which Carlos Ríos's Cuaderno de Pripyat (2012) narrates the afterworld of an identifiable historical event, the Chernobyl disaster, creating further tension between the crisis itself and the possibility of a post-apocalyptic setting that brings a radical and immeasurable interruption into play. First, we analyze the ways in which this multiplication of temporalities affects the presentation of the testimonies collected in the story. Next, the paper focuses on the collage as a possible explicative key to the fragmentary composition of the story based on the tension between the rationality of that which remains and that of referential oversaturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to address the various temporalities that Lola Arias's biodramatic project on the Malvinas War (the video installation Veterans, the documentary play Minefield and the film Theater of War) brings into play, in relation to the problems associated with temporality that are specific to the narrative of war in general and the Malvinas War in particular. In the first place, each of the works that make up the project is considered as an update of a power (Paolo Virno). Secondly, both the project as a whole and some of its scenes are approached as devices that allow to display what Didi-Huberman calls the fecundity of anachronism. The objective is to think about the novelty that this project introduces in relation to the anachronism that the combatants, designated at the same time as "war boys" and veterans, embody, and which translates into an image in their heads that, in a way of iteration characteristic of the trauma, is neither forgotten nor changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edition of La novela de la poesía (2012) already made evident two fundamental issues in Tamara Kamenszain's writing: on the one hand, a specific inscription of the passage poetry/novel/essay; on the other, the book (the edition, the support, the object) as a link. More recently, El libro de Tamar (2018) and Libros chiquitos (2020) illuminate in a special way two other constitutive aspects of the process: one, the temporal spiral between the program of the 70s and the present of writing, which converts the series in a long duration narrative; two, the problem of limits in the form of scale. In this paper I propose to read, at the intersection of El libro de Tamar and Libros chiquitos, three scenes as inflections in a long duration story with the test of time and limits: the tempo of the prose (the writing of the poem as the rhythm of the narrative and the prose as the distillation of the real of the verse), the magnitudes of the book (the book and the masterpiece of the 70s, the poetics of the little books as a inflection of the contemporary sublime), the intersection between the inscription of the present and the creation of a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the work of Chilean journalist Georgina Durand, pseudonym for Raquel Delaporte Prieto (1893-2003), in particular on a series of interviews published in the newspaper La Nación (Chile) in the last century in the late thirties and early forties. On the one hand, the paper analyzes the creation of biographical profiles of her interviewees as professional artists and intellectuals, conveying information to create cannons and hierarchies for emerging fields of knowledge at that time. On the other hand, attention is given to her role as interviewer and as a professional in a work and social context in which women's participation in the public arena was still contested. In this context, it also considers the rules governing what can and cannot be said, the tensions between public and private spheres and the potential relationship between the journalist and her readers. In the end, one could suggest that Durand achieves a balance between "correct" practice as a professional journalist, particularly in the production of her interviews and the construction of a subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anclajes, from its beginnings and until today, has fostered the dissemination of articles and book reviews linked to descriptive linguistics, sociolinguistics and the historiography of the languages of Latin America. This paper reviews how the publication has witnessed, during the last twenty-five years, the advances and changes in research on Amerindian languages, cultures and literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the existence of an Italian interest in Latin American culture under fascist dictatorship. Having given rise to an increasing dissemination of Hispanic culture in Italy, cultural relations between Italy, Spain, and Latin America in the 20s and 30s will be examined. During that period, there was a very strong ideological affinity between Italy and Spain, which explains why the Italian government promoted Spanish-language literature more than others did. Even so, studies show that the spread of Hispanic editorial production in Italy was probably due to accidental meetings between publishers and not to a clear governmental policy. As for Hispano-American literature, the name Mario Puccini stands out as one who helped make modernist writers (such as Rufino Blanco Fombona and Amado Nervo) known in Italy. Accordingly, the essay's main objective is to focus on his professional activity in order to better understand which was the starting point for members of Cristoforo Colombo Institute (1923-1935), the only Italian government body responsible for the promotion of Hispanic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The figure and work of Rubén Darío have been the object of appropriation in Nicaragua, according to the given dominant political and ideological configurations. This paper describes and analyzes the operation performed made by Casa de las Américas, on the centennial of the birth of the poet, in 1967. In the "Encuentro con Rubén Darío" held in Varadero in February of that year and the issue of Casa de las Américas that contains the various papers given by intellectuals discussing Dario's contributions. The political outcome of the event was to canonize the Nicaraguan poet as anti-intellectual, together with the figures of José Martí and Simón Bolívar. The discussions that occurred among intellectuals present at the Encuentro about the figure of Darío are analyzed in this article. Finally, we describe how the appropriation of the figure and work of the poet for the revolutionary discourse occurs in Nicaragua over the next decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A problematic link made of tensions and contradictions relates Elvira Orphée to Tucumán, the Argentinian province where she was born and the space represented in many of her texts. This paper explores one of the aspects of this problematic link by revealing the fact that the author's figure is fictionalized in Pretérito perfecto, novel published in 1983 by another writer from Tucumán, Hugo Foguet. After pointing out the elements which allow to relate Negra Fortabat, the character in the novel, to Orphée, the analysis meditates on the probable reasons for such fictionalization and on its implications regarding the image that Foguet constructs of himself as a writer. It is postulated that the figurative presence of Orphée in Pretérito perfecto works in at least three directions, intimately related to each other: 1) to develop the dispute over how to write a novel in general and how to write a novel about Tucumán in particular; 2) to incarnate the counter figure of a writer, which enables to make a necessary tabula rasa over every antecedent and to show, in that way, how disruptive and foundational the novel by Foguet is in itself; 3) to represent the tensions between a peripheral literary field located in Tucumán and a central literary field located in Buenos Aires [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the set of recently published novels on the subject of post-dictatorial memory, that of the visual artist Gerber Bicecci (1981) stands out for a writing that uses, among other apparently disparate expressive elements, Venn diagrams, to name the ineffable generated by the disappearance, exile and silence imposed. This paper intends to analyze the writing of Conjunto vacío, highlighting the creative self-reference, and the reading effects based on the coexistence of visual and linguistic codes of different species. According to my interpretation, the novel answers this and other questions that Argentina's society is still around forty years after the last dictatorship, at which time the crystallized and deceptive responses directed especially to the new generations return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper analyzes the significance of the expression "argentino neutro" [neutral Argentinian], used from 2009 to 2015 in official documents on the education portal Educ.ar and on the Ministry of Education's various TV channels ("Encuentro," "Pakapaka" and "DeporTV"). By examining style manuals in detail from Encuentro and Pakapaka, corresponding to the years 2012-2015, we will attempt to show that these documents construct a linguistic model alternate to the various attempts at Spanish language unification, in particular "Panhispanism" or so-called "neutral Spanish." Moreover, this alternative linguistic model was consistently reflected in the Ministry of Education's television programming, which exhibited a much more diverse linguistic representation in Argentinian media than usual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an interdiscoursive and interdisciplinary perspective, this paper explores different representations with which the Mapuche People of the Gulumapu constructed their processes of cultural and territorial differentiation in tension with the Chilean Nation State. Through heterogeneous discourses -historical, literary, media, testimonial and of political organizations-, a process is expressed that moves from an ancestral unitary vision to strategically assumed modern conceptions, typical of new geopolitical and supranational scenarios, such as those of the State and/or nation. It is concluded that this process mainstream their discourses, which as a whole represent a shared collective imaginary that relates the ancestral notion -Wallmapu- with the modern vision -nation and/or Mapuche State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work of Juan José Saer highlights the mediated nature of language through the verification of the unavoidable presence of a gaze. However, the detailed description of the characters' perception in his novels presents a problem that transcends that recognition. For in his narrations the gaze faces obstacles that hinder its projection, summoning a question. In this paper we study the dimensions of this caesura figure as a privileged space of inquiry about the subject of the gaze. Based on the follow-up of a series of textual operations included mainly in El limonero real (1974) and in Nadie nada nunca (1980), in which the reading process is subverted to its basic assumptions, we recognize the ambivalent "half-erased" status of meaning in the literary text between understanding attempts and their denial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not exactly known how many women dared to write literature in Argentina during the second half of the nineteenth century. It is highly probable there were more than those registered in literary histories. While the more progressive intellectuals promoted a type of literature that would contribute to the progress of this young nation, that is, a literature useful and moral to educate both men and women, social prejudice against novels and women writers was renewed. Women who published stand out for having trespassed those barriers, for their deep need to write, to express their opinions and fantasies, and also for wanting to be acknowledged as writers. This paper presents two of the most forgotten ones: Margarita Rufina Ochagavía, author of "An angel and a demon, or The value of a promise" (Un ángel y un demonio, o El valor de un juramento; 1857), and M. Sasor (Mercedes Rosas de Rivera), author of "María de Montiel: a Contemporary Novel" (María de Montiel: Novela contemporánea; 1861) and "Emma or a Proscript's Daughter" (Emma o La hija de un proscripto; 1863), respectively. In particular, this paper examines the idea of novel they have, the readings they have done, the description of Argentine society present in their plots, and the ideological contents defended by both women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not exactly known how many women dared to write literature in Argentina during the second half of the nineteenth century. It is highly probable there were more than those registered in literary histories. While the more progressive intellectuals promoted a type of literature that would contribute to the progress of this young nation, that is, a literature useful and moral to educate both men and women, social prejudice against novels and women writers was renewed. Women who published stand out for having trespassed those barriers, for their deep need to write, to express their opinions and fantasies, and also for wanting to be acknowledged as writers. This paper presents two of the most forgotten ones: Margarita Rufina Ochagavía, author of "An agel and a demon, or The value of a promise" (Un ángel y un demonio, o El valor de un juramento; 1857), and M. Sasor (Mercedes Rosas de Rivera), author of "María de Montiel: a Contemporary Novel" ( María de Montiel: Novela contemporánea; 1861) and "Emma or a Proscript's Daughter" (Emma o La hija de un proscripto; 1863), respectively. In particular, this paper examines the idea of novel they have, the readings they have done, the description of Argentine society present in their plots, and the ideological contents defended by both women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the dimensions of the self present in the letters addressed by Santa Teresa de Jesús to her confessor and superior, the discalced Carmelite Jerónimo Gracián (September 1575-September 1582). It proposes that in this group of letters the author describes herself not only as a mystic and as the founder of the Discalced Carmel but as an entity vulnerable to the link with her interlocutor. If her autobiography Libro de la Vida privileges the analysis of her relationship with the divinity, of her own search for perfection and of her detachment from the world, these letters shows her involved in growing a relationship based on spiritual understanding but also on affection and affinity, as well as worried by that relationship's inflections. The paper analyses some of the different subjectivity positions and tonalities present in the texts, such as, in particular, the various and complex meditations on the link with Gracián and on the sense of writing letters to him or the reception of his letters. It points out that the effect produced by these Santa Teresa's letters is the construction of an intimacy understood in terms of proximity which even though is also present in other of her letters, reaches here its major intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antonio Di Benedetto (1922-1986), one of the most important Argentinean writers of the twentieth century, published in 1953 Mundo Animal, a volume of short stories in which the animal figure becomes fundamental, as its title makes explicit. Within vinthe fictional universe of the work, this figure is incarnated in the human and vice versa, suggesting that humanity, beyond its exclusive attributes-reason and language-, shares a broad common substratum with other living beings. This existential configuration not only provokes hesitations in the reader, but has also ontological implications, that is, it leads to questioning about meaning schemes and the human condition in these fantasticallegorical stories. The purpose of this paper is then to investigate and interpret Di Benedetto's fictionalization of these encounters and borders between the animal and the human, analyzing different textual manifestations of this question: the quid pro quo procedure, the non-human narrators, the animality of children, the relationship with psychic pathologies, the ontological proximity between the two worlds, the metaphor of the mirror, and the corporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of purity in language has been a common topic in the fields of language ideological debates in the Spanish-speaking world. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the various conceptualizations on linguistic correctness in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans in order to elucidate the links between his linguistic theory and his position on language policy. In that sense, we assume that these conceptualizations should be analyzed as a consequence of a more general consideration about linguistic usage and purity. This consideration seeks a regulatory intervention on the linguistic practices of society based on philological knowledge. Thus, the dimension of usage is divided into a common usage which corresponds to the widespread use in community, and correct usage, that which has been legislated by philological knowledge and which is, for this reason, the criteria for linguistic correction on which the ideal of a homogeneous linguistic community is based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on contributions from historical reading, bibliographical material and analyses of Louis Marin's visual representation, this paper addresses the formats of a group of printed texts published by the gaucho-esque writer Luis Peréz between 1830 and 1833, specifically a series of loose leaf pages and the two newspapers El Gaucho and La Gaucha. Its aim is to explore links between the material features of these works, the type of reader which the author attempted to attract, and the meaning and ideology of his texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan José Saer’s literature and essays, as well as most of the criticism about the author, allow for exploration of the idea of “zone” expressed in diverse forms throughout his career. This paper attempts to revisit some of these considerations and address the pictorial aspect of his works. The various avant-garde movements that began to emerge between the late fifties and early sixties helped shape a new image of the Argentine littoral region. Saer, who often met with avant-gardists in the cities of Santa Fe and Rosario, joined in these literary and visual renewal movements and incorporated into his literature forms, materials, and manners of observation that resulted from these various abstract tendencies, mainly abstract expressionism and geometric abstraction. The aim here is to observe how Saer “disrealizes” the traditional landscape based on these figures and thus challenges the hasty relationship that early critics established between his texts and a more or less traditional realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the role of the poetics of objects in relation to El Rastro by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, published in 1914. The author sketches the poetics of everyday objects in keeping with the aesthetics of the “objet trouvé,” seeking to broaden and, in turn, challenge the limits of art. Both this aspect and the catalog of objects described in the work are discussed, and analysis is made of the predominant kitsch images in the text. This perspective has resulted in a new poetic viewpoint, in tune with classical avant-garde trends, contemporary aesthetic tendencies, and post-modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A widely accepted hypothesis among readers and critics states that Oliverio Girondo maintained an avant-garde position throughout his literary career. However, it is possible to read an unsuccessful attempt at avoiding experimentation in his intermediate works, such as Interlunio (1937), Persuasión de los días (1942), and Campo nuestro (1946), written between two different avant-garde periods in Buenos Aires: one in the 1920s, the other in the 1950s. In analyzing these works, this paper shows Girondo’s hesitations about the idea of literary renewal following the 1920s, as well as the influence of nationalist ideals that contrast the internationalism that he had expressed in his preliminary works. It also explains his subsequent radicalization, in the late 50s, stemming from his connection with a group of young poets that sought to reclaim a place for experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In El Torito de los Muchachos (1830), Luis Pérez deploys voices, not always Gauchos and Federalists, but sometimes Uniterian and literate, who utter fictional truths in the form of a confession. In a historical moment in which the press was a vehicle of influence on public opinion, Pérez aims his publications toward broad swaths of the public to include of illiterate groups through oral readings. This paper analyzes the ways in which these confessions allowed truths to stand up amid a war of words, as they sought to occupy an imagined public space on whose field discursive conflicts were fought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspectives of everyday aesthetics and hermeneutics, this paper analyzes Pequod (1995), a Vitor Ramil novel set in the Brazilian pampa and conceived around the unique features offered by the experience of cold weather. By analyzing the thoughts and actions of Pequod's characters, our main goal is to point out how a vital relationship with weather leads to an existential stance, or philosophy of life, aimed at understanding the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Dos partidos en lucha (1875), and especially in La bolsa de huesos (1896), Eduardo Holmberg configures fictional narrations in which Darwinian theories and the contemporary debates and dilemmas of science acquire a significant centrality. In both cases, and in addition to an emphatic adherence to Darwinism and a clear apology for the scope of scientific practice, it is possible to detect a problematization of the institutional place of science, its feasible connections with the society and politics, and its role within the state structure. As a correlate, both narrations reveal tensions around and reformulations of one of their central axes, which is also central to the work of Charles Darwin: the modes of thinking, emphasizing or relativizing the link between human life and animal life. The aim of this paper is to address the interaction between these two issues in Holmberg's fictions, through a contrastive textual analysis that contemplates the cultural context of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language usage is probably one of the most discussed issues in language scholarship, and undoubtedly a frequent cause of division among researchers on this field. The usage-question is also present in some instances of the language-ideological debates which took place in Latin America and Spain all along the 19th century and deep into the 20th It reveals itself tightly bound to issues also related to this question in other areas, like property and law, allowing the research on what could be called a linguistic political economy, which rules and laws are being there subjected to debate. This paper proposes to begin the discussion by analyzing some crucial texts of Andrés Bello, Miguel Antonio Caro, Rufino José Cuervo and Rudolf Lenz, which can help to sketch the boundaries and scope of this issue.b [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies Victor Juan Guillot's detective stories, hitherto, completely ignored by the literary criticism and the historiography of the detective genre in Argentina. We assert that in these stories it is possible to see the transition from a certain detective narrative -which was clearly predominant from late 1870s to 1930s, having melodramatic features and close links with the political and social reality-into a new kind of tale much closer to the English detective story of the Golden Age, and further from empirical national life. In Argentina, this new type of detective tale will be developed vigorously during the 1930s and the 1940s. Thus, we attempt to show that the detective stories included in Historias sin importancia (1920) and El alma en el pozo (1925) are in the same line with the early tradition of the genre in Argentina, while the stories included in Terror: cuentos de crimen y misterio (circa 1935) have mostly the same features as those of the 1930s. We also seek to put on view how Guillot's conception of the detective story in 1925 anticipated Jorge Luis Borges's conception of the genre in the 30s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary criticism on Ricardo Piglia s narrative has often been oriented to micro-analyses, as if a permanent focus on minimal features was required: a sentence, a phrase, a quote. This leads to a further problem: the difficulty in envisaging a macro approach and systematization of the originality of Piglia's narrative process. Thus, this paper intends to provide a broader view in an attempt to identify four recurrent rhetorical devices in his work: understatement, paradox, ellipsis and synechdoque, in relation to some literary genres (Bildungsroman, detective fiction and paranoid fiction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The memory of peoples is built upon the clash between different discourses and sectors which strive to occupy a privileged place in this collective symbolic space. Other discourses work deconstructing those hegemonic narratives, reporting what they have left aside and giving voice to those who have been systematically silenced. This work tries to account for the way in which La lengua del malón, by Guillermo Saccomanno, builds itself as a counter-discourse, which allows to discern the position of some social sectors in reference to discourses and devices that determine what is adequate, moral, vulgar, tasteful, normal. To the same extent, this paper attempts to exhibit those sectors's complicity in keeping hierarchies, categories and institutions, which are conservative, oppressive and repressive, together with their alliances with those who interrupted democratic and popular processes. The novel is based on the coup d'etat which overthrew Perón's government in 1955, and it hints the continuing relationship with other tragic moments of the Argentinian history: the extermination of native peoples and the dictatorship that started in 1976. La lengua del malón is built as a narrative of abjection suffered by those who fail to answer those hegemonic parameters supporting not only the official history, but also the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why should we ask ourselves about Baroque's meaning? In fact, ¿can we define it? During the 20th century -and specially for the last thirty years- Baroque has been one of the most studied and discussed issues. It remains an inevitable topic when thinking about Latin-American literary and critical history. Two questions have driven, mainly but unequally, its interest: one referred to its concept, the other to its corpus. Thus, the relations between concept and corpus -be they understated or self-evident- remain frequently unattended or implicit. This paper aims to reexamine and clarify the concept of Baroque following its critical drifts, specially the literary ones and mostly for Latin America. It also aims to thoughtfully analyze several excerpts from the work of sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Mexico, 1648-1695) and from Juan de Espinosa Medrano (Peru, ¿1630?-1688) that makes it possible to properly analyze the relationship between concept and corpus. Finally, it aims to clarify this relationship and the critical conditions in which it emerged in order to think a possible distinction between the seventeenth Baroque and the twentieth (Neo)Baroque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Inca Garcilaso de la Vega enters literacy --when translating León Hebreo's Diálogos de amor--, the "fi delity" of the translator is attached not only to the linguistic ideology of Renaissance's Humanism but also to juridical and religious restrictions. Considering this hypothesis, the following paper examines the translation strategies performed by the hybrid subjectivity built in Comentarios reales, carried out to strengthen the enunciator's authority. The analysis of these strategies provides a solid ground to describe the complex "fi delity" of the mestizo, a translator always oscillating between the defiance of the law and tactical retreat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trip to the United States involved Martí in a journey to another language. To adapt himself to the new space that welcomed his long exile in the U.S., he had to acquire the language that he had once called "barbaric," English. This article explores not only the translations José Martí made of those who, either as precursors, founders or followers were linked to the Transcendentalist circle, but also their thoughts about the mechanisms involved in the translation process. From his definition, in the sense that translating is transpensar a paper, it is that Martí's translation style and the new perspective that it brings to the original work are considered. Finally, the study of those translations is essential to set up a thinking network among Martí, Emerson and Whitman and, thus, to complicate and reconsider the influence that a tradition of Anglo-Saxon origin had on the development of Martí's literature and thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1982, El Establo cooperative created Teatro del Bajo in Neuquén. From that moment on, the Rio Negro newspaper spread and legitimized the action of the theatre group under a section called Culture and Entertainment. The corpus analyzed in this article includes all the notes about Teatro del Bajo published in the mentioned paper between 1982 and 1983, in the months before and during the democratic transition period. Some interviews to actors and actresses who were part of Teatro del Bajo are added to complement the analysis. The objective is to determine what representations of Teatro del Bajo were spread by the Río Negro newspaper, and how they affected the readers' imagination in the cultural context that cities in the Alto Valle (an Argentine region that covers the East of Neuquén Province and the North-West of Río Negro Province) experienced during the years under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Western theatre provides several examples of authorship disputes among producers of theatrical works. The present paper is aimed at analyzing some arguments derived from the linkage between theatre and literature, particularly, the problematic relation between theatre producers and playwrights. To do so, we have selected the play 3x3 by the school Manojo de Calles from Tucumán. Such a production will allow us to review Enrique Buenaventura and Jacqueline Vidal's Nuevo Teatro writings from a poststructuralist perspective supported by Jacques Derrida's readings on Antonin Artaud's "Teatro de la Crueldad." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Western theatre provides several examples of authorship disputes among producers of theatrical works. The present paper is aimed at analyzing some arguments derived from the linkage between theatre and literature, particularly, the problematic relation between theatre producers and playwrights. To do so, we have selected the play 3x3 by the school Manojo de Calles from Tucumán. Such a production will allow us to review Enrique Buenaventura and Jacqueline Vidal's Nuevo Teatro writings from a post-structuralist perspective supported by Jacques Derrida's readings on Antonin Artaud's "Teatro de la Crueldad." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Franz Kafka's animal stories are contemporary with the first philosophic questionings of the so-called metaphysics of subjectivity. This paper proposes an examination of that synchronism through an analysis of the narrative voice in the story "Investigations of a Dog". We start, on one hand, from the hypothesis that, in this story, it is possible to find a particular way of thinking about animals and animality, one that is linked to the task of taking the animal metaphor apart; and, on the other hand, from the idea that this thought enables a dialogue with the reflections of Post-humanist philosophy, that is oriented towards the creation of a non-anthropocentric theoretical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinaldo Arenas's novel, El mundo alucinante (1966), shapes a complex fiction, history and autobiography scheme. Criticism often highlights the connection between life and work as a distinctive feature in Arenas's production, focusing on the striking coincidence between the contents of this early novel and the subsequent facts in the writer's life. Considering this idea as a starting point, the article proposes that El mundo alucinante builds up a dissident place in its own narrative scheme instead of containing signs about the novelist's future. This paper first reinstates the publication scene of the book, and then analyses some narrative textual aspects in detail, especially those that add to the representation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article cross-examines an aspect that characterizes the Argentine literary avant-garde of 1920's: the attempt of making a great divide between Art and other practices, an effort that had previously emerged in Modernism by the turn of the century. In this paper, I will inquire about the elements which contributed to strengthen that division and, in that way, confirmed the existence of a literary space imagined as autonomous. Thus, I will examine the nature of the contributions to a discourse about Art, which in this context is understood as a self-ruling realm wholly devoted to formal interests. Also, attention will be given to the delimitation of literary boundaries. Consideration of the production of the contemporary Spanish intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, will be crucial as his writings and lectures were very well-known at that time in Argentina. It is well known Ortega y Gasset's strong influence over young Argentine intellectuals in 1910's as well as his close friendship with Victoria Ocampo in the 1930's, but little is known about his role and influence on the Argentine intellectual scenario in the 1920's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper propose an approach of the book Paranoia Roberto Piva, from a perspective of the molds historiographical questioning of Brazilian modernity. It is to show the existence of other traditions at work in the cultural field of the sixties Brazil, away from both the committed literature and the experimental literature. The Beat Generation and surrealism are two traditions that allow Piva produce a rereading of Brazilian modernism of the twenties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between José Ingenieros's cases and biographical narrative procedures. The cases were derived from medical histories and were published in Criminología and other books. Biographies were textual models privileged by positivist historians. One thing in common between these cases and biographies is the exemplar and non-anonymous condition of the characters. That phenomenon is closely related to medical professional performance, expanded to other intellectual realms thanks to dominant cientificismo. This situation led doctors to interpret political and social history. Moreover, some physicians' professional biographies could be read in the cases because an autobiographical intention has penetrated the apparently neutral and objective medical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nueva Visión is now considered one of the first editions on Graphic Design written in Argentina. His paper focuses on such a publication's main articles and ideas --particularly those by Tomás Maldonado--, which propose a new understanding of the magazine's original views on Design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shaping of Cuban motherland imaginary had its foundational stage during the third decade of the nineteenth century. It was a group of Cuban literates, coming from different fields of study --but joined in the ideals of liberal reformism-- who consciously developed an initial symbolic mould on which a certain conception of the motherland will be founded. In literary texts and essays, these intellectuals capture their concerns and doubts, while sketching and delimiting early blueprints of a nation. his paper proposes to analyze a letter written by Cuban poet José Jacinto Milanés (1814-1863) addressed to Domingo del Monte (1804-1853), since it allows us to capture the discussions held by these intellectuals around the building of an identity and a patriotic literature, as well as the process of writing itself, in relation to the shaping of human relationships typical of those literate circles at that period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The baroque poetry in Spain reveals the marks of traditionalism/petrarchism opposition, and it emerges from a textual space where tensions and the search for new patterns of expression become apparent. The sonnet, as a textual form, constituted a privileged ground for such inquiries. Thus some Lope de Vega's sonnets will be analysed in this paper from two different perspectives: on the one hand, by exploring the idea of author / creator / tutor held in the figure of Lope; on the other hand, by taking into consideration the peculiar formal design of sonnets that permits to condense and combine linguistic signs, finally deriving into a semantic and connotative opening that allows the reader to participate in the production of meaning as well. Both, language and reader, will turn into the vertexes of a profound transformation in the literary discourse, in which already established models will be articulated with redefined ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to show the presence of cinematographic procedures in some outstanding texts written by Horacio Quiroga, particularly the ones gathered in Los desterrados (1926). Such means have been amalgamated to non-unitary conceptions of the subject. By adopting these modes of representation, Quiroga makes his work approach to avant-garde tendencies, positioning himself in a significant literary field: the 1930s, in the Rio de la Plata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to clarify the different glossonyms applied to the Mapuche language (Mapuzungun) in the academic and popular literature, since laymen and scientific authors sometimes make mistakes with the names they use to refer to this language. This article first presents the glossonyms used by the Mapuche people themselves in the different Mapuche-speaking areas, including all the allonyms with their allograms. Then, pseudo-glossonyms are considered and the steps leading to these errors are analyzed. In a third section, exoglossonyms, i.e. names applied from outside the ethnic group, are considered and grouped into two sub-sections. First, those of European and non-Indian origin, among them Araucano, the best known and most widespread name. Paleonyms with their allograms are also listed. Second, exoglossonyms given by other indigenous people, specifically the Tehuelche people. The different allonyms reflect geographic varieties of this language, especially on the western side of the Andes. The glossonyms employed by the Mapuche people on eastern side of the Andes are used as synonyms in the different communities. Finally, three glossonyms that should be avoided are listed because two of them are pseudo-glossonyms and the third one is rejected by ethnic revitalization movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay "El rostro de la creación" by Carlos Fuentes, and the chronicles "La hora de la identidad acumulativa. ¿Qué fotos tomaría usted en la ciudad interminable" and "De los orgullos que dan (o deberían dar) escalofríos" by Carlos Monsiváis are analysed in this paper with the purpose of dealing with proximities and distances as regards the way in which they both consider the Mexican scene. They think of Mexico as an object of reflection, starting from a productive observation that constitutes the main procedure, and spite of the fact that there are important differences insofar as the authors make use of dissimilar aesthetics. To that end, a theoretical-critical framework is established as a basis to consider the essay and the chronicles, and to analyse the point of view the writers "see Mexico" from: a high position, in the case of Fuentes; a low standpoint, in the case of Monsiváis. Thus, the different discursive constructions are, at the same time, configurations of the object and, therefore, of a definite profile for the Mexican identity. Besides, they are related to the use of different composition procedures, to the perspective, to the author's voice and to the genre chosen by each writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of the novel in Argentina was closely related to the Buenos Aires's press. On the one hand, newspapers became tools to shape the public opinion; on the other hand, they developed into fields where the novel was used to explore the processes of social changes. This paper has been dedicated to the analysis of the South American newspaper (1884-1892) and its serials, as far as its communicational strategies that joined every section may concern. At the same time, it has been written to investigate the use of the novel as a political instrument to reinforce the newspaper's propaganda. At first, it describes the Argentine press modernization process during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. Then, it provides details about the mayor features of South America regarding its treatment of political news. Finally, it considers some of the novels published in it, particularly Fruto vedado by Paul Groussac, focusing on its enunciation frames in order to establish links with other political messages of the newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]