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Microbial cell factories reinvigorate current industries by producing complex fine chemicals at low costs. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the main reducing power to drive the biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms. However, insufficient intrinsic NADPH limits the productivity of microorganisms. Here, we report that supplying microorganisms with long‐lived electrons from persistent phosphor mesoporous Al2O3 (meso‐Al2O3) can elevate the NADPH level to facilitate efficient fine chemical production. The defects in meso‐Al2O3 were demonstrated to be highly efficient in prolonging electrons' lifetime. The long‐lived electrons in meso‐Al2O3 can pass the material–microorganism interface and power the biosynthetic pathways of E. coli to produce jet fuel farnesene. This work represents a reliable strategy to design photo‐biosynthesis systems to improve the productivity of microorganisms with solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring microbial metabolism is vital for biomanufacturing processes optimization. However, it remains a grand challenge to offer insight into microbial metabolism due to particularly complex and dynamic processes. Here, we report an electron‐sensing probe Zn2GeO4:Mn@Fe3+ for real‐time and dynamic monitoring of Fe(III) respiration metabolism. The quenched persistent luminescence of Zn2GeO4:Mn@Fe3+ is recovered when Fe3+ accepted electrons from the dynamic Fe(III) respiration metabolism, enabling the real‐time monitoring of microbial metabolism. The probe shows the capability to verify the role of related biomolecules in microbial Fe(III) respiration metabolism, to track the dynamic Fe(III) respiration metabolic response to environmental stress and microbial co‐culture interactions. Furthermore, the Zn2GeO4:Mn@Fe3+ probe provides guidance for improving biosynthesis efficiency by monitoring Fe redox recycling in microbial co‐culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]