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Although CAR-T cell therapy has been particularly successful as a treatment for B cell malignancies, effectively treating acute myeloid leukemia with CAR remains a greater challenge. Multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are underway, including on AML-related surface markers that CAR-T cells can target, such as CD123, CD33, NKG2D, CLL1, CD7, FLT3, Lewis Y and CD70, all of which provide opportunities for developing CAR-T therapies with improved specificity and efficacy. We also explored specific strategies for CAR-T cell treatment of AML, including immune checkpoints, suicide genes, dual targeting, genomic tools and the potential for universal CAR. In addition, CAR-T cell therapy for AML still has certain risks and challenges, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and haematotoxicity. Despite these challenges, as a new targeting method for AML treatment, CAR-T cell therapy still has great prospects. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this treatment mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study published in the Annals of Hematology highlights the successful treatment of a young patient with refractory RCSD1-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patient achieved sustained molecular remission through the use of imatinib and CAR T cell therapy. The study emphasizes the importance of RNA sequencing in identifying molecular abnormalities and recommends its use in patients requiring targeted therapy. The case demonstrates the effectiveness of monotherapy with imatinib and the potential of CAR T cell therapy as a curative treatment option for chemotherapy-resistant B cell malignancies. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission. [Extracted from the article]