1. Analysis of class I and II aberrations in Iraqi childhood acute myeloid leukemia using filter paper cards.
- Author
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Al-Kzayer LF, Uyen le TN, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Hadad SA, Al-Badri SA, Ghali HH, Ameen NA, Liu T, Matsuda K, Abdulkadhim JM, Al-Shujairi TA, Matti ZI, Hasan JG, Al-Abdullah HM, Al-Ani MH, Saber PA, Khalil HM, Inoshita T, Kamata M, Koike K, and Sakashita K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alleles, Blood Specimen Collection instrumentation, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Bone Marrow pathology, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Neoplasm genetics, Female, Humans, Infant, Iraq, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute blood, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute pathology, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute therapy, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute blood, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute genetics, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute pathology, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute therapy, Male, Nucleophosmin, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics, Oncogenes, Paper, Prognosis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Specimen Handling instrumentation, Translocation, Genetic, Treatment Outcome, Chromosome Aberrations, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute genetics, Mutation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Specimen Handling methods
- Abstract
The lack of molecular diagnosis in the field of cancer in Iraq has motivated us to perform a genetic analysis of pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), including class I and II aberrations. Peripheral blood or bone marrow cells were collected from 134 AML children aged ≤15 years. Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) filter paper cards were used to transfer dried blood samples from five Iraqi hospitals to Japan. DNA sequencing was performed to identify class I mutations. Nested RT-PCR was used to detect class II aberrations, except that MLL rearrangement was detected according to long distance inverse-PCR. NPM1 and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations were analyzed by GeneScan using DNA template. Among 134 Iraqi pediatric AML samples, the most prevalent FAB subtype was M2 (33.6 %) followed by M3 (17.9 %). Class I mutations: 20 (14.9 %), 8 (6.0 %), and 8 (6.0 %) patients had FLT3-ITD, FLT3-TKD, and KIT mutations, respectively. Class II mutations: 24 (17.9 %), 19 (14.2 %), and 9 (6.7 %) children had PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFB-MYH11 transcripts, respectively. MLL rearrangements were detected in 25 (18.7 %) patients. NPM1 mutation was detected in seven (5.2 %) cases. Collectively, approximately 30 % of AML children were proved to carry favorable prognostic genetic abnormalities, whereas approximately 10 % had high FLT3-ITD allelic burden and needed a special treatment plan including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was frequent among Iraqi pediatric AML. It is likely that molecular diagnosis using FTA cards in underdeveloped countries could guide doctors towards an appropriate treatment strategy.
- Published
- 2014
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