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This paper presents three methods for mapping levels of economic development and applies each to the case of India. First, to provide a substantive addition to knowledge about the economic geography of India; second, to demonstrate that even within nations generally recognized simply as "underdeveloped" one can meaningfully map differential sub-levels of development; and third, to stimulate critical discussion of the various methods by which maps of economic development can be made. The chief statistical problem is how best to combine the several series of individual indices into a single set of areal ratings.

Presents a reply on the comments regarding planning in the Netherlands. Clarification of the geographical location of Amsterdam; Defense for the incorrect spellings in the article; Truth in the statement that Port of Rotterdam is much larger than Amsterdam.

Comments on the article entitled "Levels of Planning in the Netherlands," published in the December 1968 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Inaccuracies of the article; Inconsistency in the spelling of the names of places; Views on the change in Dutch economy.

Recent government decisions to improve the economic health of North Norway have had significant spatial impact. This region is a continuing problem are because of the dearth of physical and human resources. Postwar capital investment loans, and other schemes to encourage industry have emphasized urban growth and depopulated many rural farming and fishing areas. Variations in regional growth are largely a result of investment decisions favoring industrial development, and the resultant migration of labor to manufacturing areas. The trend toward urbanization and the concentration of economic activity has been slowed by a recent shift in national planning to favor more marginal communities and activities such as farming and fishing, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Ghana is Ghana's problem region. It is a large area accounting for about half the total land surface of Ghana, yet it is the least developed part of the country. It would be futile to seek to explain the lack of economic development in the region mainly with reference to the problems of the savanna environment, which indeed are no more serious than in many other parts of West Africa where there has been greater economic development. The reason must be sought primarily in the strategy adopted for economic development, which at first failed to identify the fundamental problems of low productivity in food farming and high transport costs. Later, the solution of the transport problem was made conditional upon the success of the measures adopted for increasing agricultural productivity; yet these measures proved to be partially unrealistic since they ignored long-established local values and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on African geographies. The fact and velocity of political change must now profoundly influence geographies of Africa and its regions. The consequences of political change upon studies in African geography might have been more easily anticipated than their impact upon studies in African history. The past five years have seen more advance in the history of black Africa than the previous one hundred years. The old and stable colonial order offered opportunities for the extension of economic development from the industrialized nations to outliers, as branches of the central government.

Within the Caribbean region, there is an ever-growing awareness of problems which have been brought about by increasing population pressures and limited economic development. This study attempts to analyze the underlying cultural conditions-especially French governmental policies and social structure of Guadeloupean society-that affect, and have affected, agricultural production on Guadeloupe. The study illustrates how these conditions have changed in their impact from time to time, creating different circumstances of crop production.

Looks into economic development in two Asian countries, Ceylon and Malaysia. Facilitation of the formulation of economic policy within countries confronted with formidable developmental problems; Assessment of the potentialities for further development within the territories of the countries; Recommendations for practical measures to promote the economic and social betterment of the populations.