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The article focuses on four papers by the geographer, Ralph H. Brown. The writings of Brown in historical geography of the U.S. are among the notable contributions to American geography. His many articles, as well as his two major works, "Mirror for Americans," and "Historical Geography of the United States," demonstrate his concept of historical geography with eminent clarity and with scholarly regard for the origins of that concept. He observed existing geographic facts and he searched historical records.

This paper summarizes the physical and human geography of the southwestern part of Greenland, stretching from Upernavik at the southern end of Melville Bay in approximately 73° N latitude, southward to Cape Farewell in approximately 60° N latitude. It is along this southwestern coast of Greenland that modernization has token place, and it is here that development is proceeding rapidly. Since about six-sevenths of Greenland is buried under ice, only a narrow strip of land is exposed along the coastline, never exceeding one hundred miles. Most of the 22,000 people live along this coastal fringe. Of mixed Eskimo and European origin, these "Greenlanders" have increased rapidly in numbers in the last half-century, and are now straining the restricted natural resources of the country. Denmark, which has governed the country for almost two centuries, has traditionally maintained a strict policy of isolating Greenland from outside contacts. This has protected the natives and given them a high standard of education, reasonably good health, and a carefully planned economy insulating them from the vagaries of world prices. Today this traditional policy is being questioned. Intensive efforts are now being made to modernize West Greenland through building efficient harbors, power stations, fish processing plants, by raising still higher educational standards, and by speeding up Greenland's self-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the Association of American Geographers' 1942 meeting in New York City. "Rural-Urban Population Ratios," by Alford Archer; "Land Classification in the Matanuska Valley," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Siberian Resources for Soviet Warfare," by George B. Cressey; "Geographical distribution of human productivity," by Ellsworth Huntington. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the title and abstracts of papers presented during the 1934 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Increasing significance of geographic conditions in the growth of nation-states; Erosional history of the wind river range, Wyoming; Long-lot farm and economic in public services.

Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

The article presents abstracts of the papers presented at the 63rd annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Saint. Louis, Missouri. The meeting took place in April 1967. The paper "Defense and the Morphology of Certain Settlements in the Western Mediterranean," discusses economic growth. Another paper "Approach to a Generating Model for Climatic Statistics," discusses a set of probability models for generating climatic statistics. After a brief review of previous work on this subject, a model based on moving waves superimposed, on standing waves in the zonal winds is outlined.

The paper presents abstracts of papers presented at the 62nd annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Toronto, Ontario from August 29 to 31, 1966. "The Role of the Equilibrium Concept in the Interpretation of Land forms of Fluvial Erosion and Deposition," by Frank Ahnert presents the concept of the equilibrium between the components of morphological processes, which has in recent years met with new interest and is used as the basis for a simple yet reasonably comprehensive system of landform interpretation. "Semi-Nomadism in Southern Israel Today," by Mildred Berman presents selected aspects of social change among the Bedouin who live in the Beersheba region of southern Israel. "Social Hinterlands of New York City and Boston in Southern New England," by David E. Berle presents a study to measure the relative extent of selected Boston and New York City social influences on people living in part of their common hinterland. "Rural Settlement Types and the Change in Land Reclamation System in Taiwan" by Chi-Jen Chang analyzes the two basic settlement types, dispersed and compact in Taiwan.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Columbus, Ohio on April 18-21, 1965. The paper on the "The Use of Fodder and Livestock Units in Agricultural Geography: A Case Study of Soviet Land Use Policy," by John Anderson focuses on the need for better research tools in agricultural geography. The fodder unit, a concept development by livestock nutritionists, while having some limitations, appears to have some potential for research in agricultural geography.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 60th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Syracuse, New York, on March 29, 1964 to April 1, 1964. The intention of the paper "Changing Markets and Modes of Transportation for Coal: A Survey" is to acquaint geographers with changes in the coal industry and attempted changes in transporting coal to electric power plants. The paper "The Electricity Industry of British Columbia since 1950" constitutes a brief description of the production, transmission and consumption phases of the electricity industry of British Columbia. The paper "The Pennsylvania Anthracite Industry--A Status Report" attempts to update the image of the Pennsylvania anthracite-mining industry among members of the geographical profession.

The article presents a collection of abstracts of the research papers presented at the 57th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, which was held in Miami Beach, Florida in April, 1962. The papers listed here includes "The Campus Fringe--A Landscape Phenomenon," by John Alexander. This paper analyses the problems related to the expansion of universities including that of campus fringe, the area which surround a college or university. What are the problems of campus fringes, How have these problems been faced by different schools, are there any principles which research geographers might discover which would be useful to campus authorities facing decisions regarding expansion problems, all these points have been considered by the researcher.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, held at Chicago, Illinois between march 19, 1951 and march 22, 1951. Lewis M. Alexander presents the paper Survey of Commercial Rivalry between the North Sea Ports of Belgium and the Netherlands. Homer Aschmann presents the paper Consumer-oriented Classification of the Products of Tropical Agriculture. Tracy B. Augur presented the paper on Regional-Urban Relationships. George Beishlag presented the paper on What Cartography Can Do for Geography Students.

The article presents various titles and abstracts of research papers related to geography by the Association of American Geographers. Some of papers included are "Problems of Geographic Influence," by Albert Perry Brigham, "Some Geographic Factors Influencing Brazilian Trade," by Walter S. Tower, "Postglacial Migrations of Vegetation in the Middle West," by Henry Allan Gleason, "Bases for Dividing the United States into Physiographic Provinces," by N. M. Fenneman, "The Losses of Nebraska," by G. E. Condra.

Presents abstracts of papers in the 1955 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers. "Regional Geography in Central Banking," by Evan B. Alderfer; "A West Indian Anomaly, the British Virgin Islands," by John P. Augelli; "The Chemical Industry and the Midwestern Rivers and Intracoastal Canal," by J. Edwin Becht.

Presents abstracts of articles published in the June 1954 issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." "Attitude of Children Towards Maps," by Mamie L. Anderzhon; "Global Relations of the United States," by S. Whittemore Boggs; "Friedrich Ratzel in Retrospect," by Jan O. M. Broek.

Presents abstracts of articles from the Association of American Geographers in 1940. "The Relations of Some Texas Soils to Their Parent Materials"; "The Historic Indians of Louisiana"; "Louisiana Foods".

The article presents various titles of research papers related to geography by the Association of American Geographers. Some of papers included are "The General Magnetic Survey of the Earth," by L.A. Bauer, "Land Sculpturing in Arid Lands with Observations from Northeastern Africa," by W.H. Hobbs, "The Platforms of Barrier Coral Reefs," by T. Wayland Vaughan, "Botanical Phenomena and the Problem of Coastal Subsidence," by D.W. Johnson, "Characteristics of the Mississippi Delta in the Light of Comparative Studies of Some Old-World Deltas," by E.W. Shaw.

The article presents comments of the author on the article, "Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation," by John R. Borchert, published recently in a issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Nonetheless there is considerable question concerning the significance of the five maps that are the core of Borcherts presentation. These remarks are directed to a brief consideration of the significance and interpretation of his maps. It is only proper to think that in the body and foothotes of his paper professor Borchert indicated some of the limitations of his study, that the scale of the maps did not permit the delineation of zones and regions in detail.

Introduces a series of articles derived from a March 2002 session of the Association of American Geographers on the geographical work of David Lowenthal. Session's focus on the development of geographical interest in landscape and environmental perception; Areas of scholarship in which Lowenthal worked; Scholarly foundation of Lowenthal's work.

This paper examines the nature of the French discipline of geography through the research and writings of the eighteenth century geographer, d'Anville, the geographers on the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1798–1801), and those involved in the exploration of Algeria (1839–42), and illuminates a major paradigm shift which transformed geography from a science barely recognizable to modern geographers into a social science with many of the dimensions of the modern discipline. In the eighteenth century, French geographers were primarily concerned with locational determination and representation: locating and mapping towns, major natural or human-made features, and provincial and national borders. By the early nineteenth century, there is evidence that geographers were beginning to broaden their interests to include problems that were not strictly locational. In this period of transition, instead of radically reforming their approach, French geographers clung to their traditional methodologies and stretched them to solve nonlocational problems. By the mid-nineteenth century, they had substantially refocused their attention on the general nature of the terrain, description of major landscape features, ’man’ as a being interacting with the environment to produce race and culture, the movement of populations, hegemonic boundaries and territoriality, the history of exploration, and commercial geography. Geography retained an anachronistic and increasingly peculiar concern with the determination of location. This paper represents the first step in an attempt to explore geography's ambiguous role in the intellectual revolution that took place between 1750–1850 and which gave birth to the modern social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the nineteenth century, American geographers have applied mathematical concepts to geographic research, and they have increased the level of mathematical sophistication associated with their research. To some extent geographers have traditionally been interested in developing methods of quantitative geographic analysis; however, it was not until the turn of the twentieth century that there was concentrated effort to develop special programs of quantitative methods training and to expand the scope of quantitative geographic research. This paper attempts to examine certain aspects of expansion of quantitative methods training and research for the period 1954–1965. Since the early 1950's the number of major geography departments offering specialized training in quantitative methodology has risen from three percent to over seventy-eight percent. Today many departments require training in statistics and mathematics and roughly one third of the major American doctoral training centers now allow their students to substitute mathematics training for one foreign language requirement. This trend is paralleled by an increasingly large number of quantitative dissertations and quantitative research papers found in a sample of the major geographic journals. Our studies indicate that these trends originated at the University of Washington, and certain Midwestern universities, but after a short period of time, the quantitative revolution spread throughout American geographic centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE subject of this paper and that of President Russell's address of last Year reveal in striking fashion the wide scope of the field in which geographers work. Comparison of the treatment in the two papers wilt, I hope, demonstrate the justification for assuming that the same body of readers may find common interest in the two extremes. This is possible in all our work only if each of us, in developing our special area of interest, will follow Russell's example in striving to maintain its geographic quality. We can do this if we keep in the forefront of our thinking, that the core of geography is "the study of places," that is, the analysis of the significant differences that distinguish the various areas of the world from each other. Among the differences that are significant to this areal differentiation, one of the more obvious are differences in landforms; one of the least obvious to the eye, but nonetheless important in molding the character of areas, are the differences in their political organization. In pursuing these and other separate topics, geographers "radiate out in diverse directions" "and for various distances, toward the cores of other disciplines." As long as they remain "ever conscious of where they are" in reference to the central core, they may hope to understand each other's purposes. "Questions of boundaries always seem pedantic in comparison with questions concerning the cores of disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I summarize the status and trends in physical geography over the first 100 years of the Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Drawing on the original papers and recent literature that reviews biogeography, climatology, and geomorphology, I describe the change in the focus of physical geographers over the last century and anticipate future developments in physical geography. Physical geographers have always responded to changes in methodologies and to broader developments in earth and environmental sciences. Their work currently explores environmental systems developing process-based understanding. Recent methodological and conceptual developments include the adoption of approaches from complexity science to understand dynamic and nonlinear behaviors of environmental systems. There is also a growing move toward the challenge of addressing coupled human and natural systems in an integrated and holistic manner. This is not only a challenge for physical geography but also for geography as a whole, reflecting the capacity of the discipline to analyze and understand complex behaviors and dynamics using a diversity of quantitative and qualitative methods; methodologies that span social, economic, behavioral, and biophysical systems; and an ability to link basic and applied research to use geographic expertise to address contemporary environmental issues of importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histories of American geography have tended to concentrate on geographic thought and on the men who have been seen as major figures in research. In contrast, I examine the careers of women geographers and of professional practices in American geography in the 20th century. My approach reflects thinking in feminist studies and the social studies of science, which acknowledge the existence of multiple histories and the importance of paying attention to contexts. Before 1950, values linking prestige and masculinity resulted in the exclusion of women geographers from university professorships though they found opportunities in teacher education and outside academia. In the post-World War II era, even as higher education expanded rapidly, women's representation in the profession declined substantially, influenced by the social climate that promoted women's domesticity and priorities for recruiting men. Academic practices and the consciousness of the few women graduate students reflected this gendered culture. Whether women geographers have valued particular aspects of their work and created distinctive knowledge pose questions for further exploration. A brief look at the practices and meanings of field education over the century suggests that such experience has been important to women, even when attempts have been made to exclude their participation. There are also indications that women geographers disproportionately bring social concerns to the discipline. The paper calls for reflection on the implications of our histories for the profession's future, especially for graduate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the views of geographer R. Cole Harris in response to the criticism of his paper "The Simplification of Europe Overseas," published in the December 1977 issue of the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." He says that his critics may find his analysis premature, and may think that he has ignored some power relationships, particularly those affecting labor. But, his paper is a foray, not nearly a final word. Also, he is convinced that his foray is supported by the current literature and that it is timely.

This paper looks at Carl Sauer's undergraduate and pre-Berkeley experiences in relation to his more mature views of geography. A biographical approach is used to illustrate the link between milieu and intellectual development. It is argued that Sauer's undergraduate days in Warrenton. Missouri were decidedly significant in shaping his worldview and that his later writings are better understood in light of his childhood and adolescent experiences. The conclusion points to the need to re-evaluate the repeatedly cited influence of Alfled Kroeber and Robert Lowie on Sauer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a first-person narrative of a geographer in the United States. Final requirements for his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1936-37; Role of M. L. Wilson in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in the author becoming a federal employee; Papers on cultural-agricultural islands; Involvement with the subsistence homestead projects; Back-to-the-land movement in the 1930s; Farm population and rural life studies.

Most cities are influenced by those cultures which they serve and represent. At the same time, the cultures are influenced by their respective cities. This mutual relationship among cities and cultures constitutes a complex of processes of functional interrelationships. The geographic approach to these processes leads to the delimitation of twelve major world-regions and several sub-regions that are characterized by the areally varying processes associating cities and cultures. A system of world-regions of this nature is proposed in the present paper. The proposed system places every city of the world into a hierarchy of functional regions, far beyond the city's own hinterland. Every city is then visualized as a molder and reflector of its cultural environment. In addition, the following implications of such a regional system on the field of urban geography are discussed. First, the urban geographer is able to contribute to regional studies by considering the influence the cities have upon a given region. Secondly, the urban geographer adds another aspect to the research on any city by purposely studying the city as the expression of the surrounding cultural realm. Thirdly, the proposed regions are a tool for systematic and comparative study on the regional variation of cities from one culture-region to another.

This paper, by showing various applications of infrared imagery, is intended to stimulate thinking among geographers toward the potentiality of airborne infrared imaging systems as geographic research tools. By making use of the capabilities of airborne infrared systems the researcher will gain valuable supplemental information which in many cases is unattainable from conventional aerial photography. The geographer interested in earth science investigations will find infrared imaging systems quite valuable in the determination of certain geological formations and structural features. Hydrographic features, owing to the variation in land-water heat capacities, show quite well on most infrared imagery. Certain types of vegetation may be differentiated more readily in the infrared, than in the visible, portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Other applications to archeological research, rural applications, such as wildlife inventories, and urban investigations, such as commuter studies are also suggested. High resolution infrared radiometers are already being used to great advantage in meteorological studies from orbital altitudes. By applying infrared imaging devices in their research geographers, while gaining valuable supplemental information, may provide data useful in systems development. At present, the geographer may find it difficult to apply infrared sensors to his research because of the relative expense of the system or U.S. Department of Defense security classification of the imagery, but he should be prepared to employ this new tool as more infrared imagery is declassified and more systems come into use.

It is argued in this paper that regionalization is a similar process to classification. The terminology and procedures of the two are compared and it is concluded that there is a close similarity except that there is no direct analogy in regionalization with the individual of classification, it is suggested that operationally defined individuals partially overcome this problem. The histories of ideas about the nature and purpose of regional systems and classification systems are briefly compared and again found to be similar. Ten principles of classification derived from the work of logicians and taxonomists are then stated and the methods of constructing regional systems are examined in the light of these principles. It is shown that most of the points revealed by such an examination have been previously discussed by geographers, although they are arguing from different premises. Some of the principles, however, do raise problems which have hitherto received little attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an excerpt of the paper on geographical and historical concepts in American history read at Plenary Session 56th Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Dallas, Texas.

Features a meeting that marks the close of the fiftieth anniversary of the Association of American Geographers. Implications of the high quality of papers and discussion for the growth of the field and of the society; Concern of the founders of the society; Impact of the association around a common purpose for the development of the field.

The article presents information that the program of the 50th anniversary meeting of the Association of American Geographers will be held on April 11-15, 1954 at the University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-Sherwood Hotel Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Members having professional material to exhibit would have to communicate with university of California. The program committee appointed by the Council is instructed by it to arrange a program of invited papers suitable for the fiftieth anniversary meetings.

Profiles Albert Perry Brigham, a geographer and geologist in the U.S. Titles of scientific papers or books written during his entire career; Advocacy made by Brigham in promoting physical geography as a high school subject; Views of Brigham regarding geography in general.

Profiles Albert Perry Brigham, a human geographer. Revelation of Brigham's deep interest in human geography; Titles of scientific papers and books he has written during his entire career; Views of other professor regarding Brigham's work.

Profiles Albert Perry Brigham, a geographer and geologist in the U.S. Realization of Brigham that human and economic relations compelled a broader knowledge of an a greater sympathy for the people of other countries; Titles of scientific papers written related to the topic; Description of the feelings of the author when he took part in the Transcontinental Excursion of 1912.

The article presents the views of geographer Robert D. Mitchell in response to the paper "The Simplification of Europe Overseas," published in the December 1977 issue of the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." He argues that the presence or absence of labor exploitive institutions, especially slavery and indentured servitude, produced fundamentally different colonial societies and patterns of social relations. Power and authority within the family were often based on legal control over land and indirectly over labor.

The article presents a reply to David I. Blumenstock for his comments on the author's article, "Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation," which was published in the March 1953, issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." According to him Blumenstock's remarks correctly note some of the weak points of the paper. They deserve attention and discussion. For example, some of the percentage figures which are indicative rather than conclusive, were obtained through counting the air mass frequencies as shown on the Northern Hemisphere Surface Maps issued by the U.S. Weather Bureau for the years 1919, 20, 21, 24, 25, 35. 36, 37, 38, and 1939.

Provides information on the papers presented at symposia held during the Association of American Geographers' 1942 meeting in New York City. Papers focusing on selected counties of the Southern United States; Papers on problems of post-war reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on an article by the author, Michael Solot, discussing the geographer, Carl Sauer's geography. Consideration of Solot's paper as an amalgam of pseudohistory and confused analysis; Discussion of the philosophy and problems in human geography.

The article presents the views of geographer Adrian Pollock in response to the paper "The Simplification of Europe Overseas," published in the December 1977 issue of the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." He appreciates that the article author presented an insightful account of the effects of new land on the immigrant societies of French Canada, Dutch South Africa, and English New England. However, he thinks that for New England the analysis is premature. This is so because, as yet, there is lack of proper knowledge of the early colonists' background and experience adequate enough to enable one to judge whether colonial conditions or inherent attitudes, practices, and institutions were the most important in determining the nature of colonial society.

Displays illustrating papers and graphic expositions not correlated with sessions have become an integral part of annual meetings of the Association of American Geographers. Exhibits at Cambridge, Massachusetts accented physical geography rather more and human geography rather less than has been the case in recent preceding years. In a number of cases comparable maps of physical and human phenomena were displayed side by side. This appears to indicate a pronounced interest in regional correspondence of phenomena.

The article presents individuals who have offered their assistance in reviewing papers submitted to the periodical "Annals of the Association of American Geographers" from July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005.

The article presents information about the commentary "The Past Third-Century of the Annals." This commentary was published in the December 1978 issue of the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." It pertained only to American geographers and higher institutions; geographers from outside the United States were not pleased with their exclusion from the listing. Some questioned the procedure to include only articles, technical communications and maps in the tabulation and to exclude commentaries, notes, review articles, memorials, abstracts of papers read at annual meetings, as well as the Annals Special California supplement.

Presents editorial activities that covers the period from December 1, 1967, through November 30, 1968 in the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers" in the U.S. Inclusion of the manuscripts; Maximum length of the papers; Submission of reports during the annual meeting.

Focuses on the importance of enlarged international contacts for the Association of American Geographers in the U.S. Significance of first-hand reports on geographers and geography in a session in a meeting; Presentation of a paper on China; Invitation for a Russian geographer to attend the meeting.