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We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the thoracic aorta in a 49-year-old male patient with history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The only presenting symptom was back pain localized under the left scapula with the frequency and severity of the pain increasing with time. Imaging studies detected the presence of an aortic tumor. The tumor was excised en bloc, and an interposition graft was implanted. The histology showed a fully excised grade 3 leiomyosarcoma. This article discusses features of this rare condition., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections typically cause self-limiting gastroenteritis. However, extraintestinal focal infections, including mycotic aneurysms of the aorta, can also occur. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a large type V thoracoabdominal mycotic aneurysm infected with Salmonella enteritidis, complicated by thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis, paravertebral collections, and epidural abscess. This is the first report of Salmonella aortitis in the setting of CLL, and the unusual extent of local infective invasion seen here with Salmonella enteritidis infection raises a suspicion of CLL-related immunosuppression as a direct predisposing factor. This case illustrates the need to consider the possibility of an immune defect, even in CLL patients with normal leukocyte counts. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but are likely to involve defects in cell-mediated immunity, thought to be of particular importance in invasive infections with intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella spp., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Unintentional renal artery occlusion after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an uncommon phenomenon. The sequelae from this specific complication are severe; consequently, the topic of renal artery coverage is a pertinent issue. We present a case series of patients undergoing EVAR with unintentional renal artery coverage, review the treatment options available, and suggest a treatment algorithm for this scenario based on the evidence., Methods and Results: We report four patients who were found to have renal artery occlusion after EVAR detected up to 5 weeks postoperatively. Renal revascularization was achieved using endovascular renal artery stenting in two patients, and open hepato-spleno-renal bypass in the remaining two cases. Treatment strategies used led to symptom resolution and recovery of renal function in all cases., Conclusions: Both open and endovascular techniques may be used as procedures to treat this condition-the choice of procedure is primarily determined by accessibility of the renal orifice., (Copyright © 2012 Annals of Vascular Surgery Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this paper is to review the potential role of endovascular interventions for young patients with lower-limb ischaemia., Methods: A literature search was performed of PubMed and Medline databases using appropriate search terms and limits. Case reports, retrospective studies, and prospective studies evaluating treatment of lower-limb ischemia in patients aged <50 years were scrutinized. Articles published between 1966 and 2010 were included in this review., Results: Premature atherosclerosis is likely to represent the commonest cause of lower-limb ischemia in patients aged <50 years, although the incidence of nonatherosclerotic causes such as popliteal entrapment syndrome, cystic adventitial disease, and arteritis in these patients is greater than in older patients. As with older patients, endovascular interventions may be beneficial for patients with symptoms secondary to atherosclerosis. At present, the perceived durability of open surgery may be more preferable to patients aged <50 years, but the development of new endovascular technology is challenging this view. Endovascular interventions such as catheter-directed thrombolysis have specific roles in the treatment of lower-limb ischemia due to nonatherosclerotic causes., Conclusion: The use of angioplasty and stenting procedures to treat young patients with lower-limb ischemia is increasing and has specific roles. However, many developmental causes and nonatherosclerotic conditions still require primary surgical correction., (Copyright © 2012 Annals of Vascular Surgery Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)