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New drugs being established in the market every year produce specified structures for selective biological targeting. With medicinal insights into molecular recognition, these begot molecules open new rooms for designing potential new drug molecules. In this review, we report the compilation and analysis of a total of 56 drugs including 33 organic small molecules (Mobocertinib, Infigratinib, Sotorasib, Trilaciclib, Umbralisib, Tepotinib, Relugolix, Pralsetinib, Decitabine, Ripretinib, Selpercatinib, Capmatinib, Pemigatinib, Tucatinib, Selumetinib, Tazemetostat, Avapritinib, Zanubrutinib, Entrectinib, Pexidartinib, Darolutamide, Selinexor, Alpelisib, Erdafitinib, Gilteritinib, Larotrectinib, Glasdegib, Lorlatinib, Talazoparib, Dacomitinib, Duvelisib, Ivosidenib, Apalutamide), 6 metal complexes (Edotreotide Gallium Ga-68, fluoroestradiol F-18, Cu 64 dotatate, Gallium 68 PSMA-11, Piflufolastat F-18, 177Lu (lutetium)), 16 macromolecules as monoclonal antibody conjugates (Brentuximabvedotin, Amivantamab-vmjw, Loncastuximabtesirine, Dostarlimab, Margetuximab, Naxitamab, Belantamabmafodotin, Tafasitamab, Inebilizumab, SacituzumabGovitecan, Isatuximab, Trastuzumab, Enfortumabvedotin, Polatuzumab, Cemiplimab, Mogamulizumab) and 1 peptide enzyme ( Erwiniachrysanthemi -derived asparaginase) approved by the U.S. FDA between 2018 to 2021. These drugs act as anticancer agents against various cancer types, especially non-small cell lung, lymphoma, breast, prostate, multiple myeloma, neuroendocrine tumor, cervical, bladder, cholangiocarcinoma, myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal, neuroblastoma, thyroid, epithelioid and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The review comprises the key structural features, approval times, target selectivity, mechanisms of action, therapeutic indication, formulations, and possible synthetic approaches of these approved drugs. These crucial details will benefit the scientific community for futuristic new developments in this arena., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Cancer is becoming a global threat as its treatment accounts for many challenges. Hence, newer inventions prioritize the requirement of developing novel anticancer agents. In this context, kinases have been exclusively investigated and developed as a promising and novel class of drug targets for anticancer regimen. Indole derivatives have been found to be most effective for targeting multiple kinases, such as PIM, CDK, TK, AKT, SRC, PI3K, PKD, GSK, etc., to inhibit cell proliferation for cancer. Recently, a group of researchers have proposed their research outcomes related to this moiety, such as Zhang et al. described some potent PI3K inhibitors by substitution at the 4th position of the indole ring. Kassis et al. enumerated several potent CDK5 inhibitors by substituting the 2nd and 6th positions of the indole ring. In the present review, we have taken the initiative to summarize structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of indole derivatives as kinase inhibitors for the development of potential inhibitors., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Presently, several protein kinases have been discovered with the aim to treat various cancers. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human cancers known as ALCLs, NSCLC, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma, etc. The fulllength ALK receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase composed of an amino-terminal extracellular domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Crizotinib is a strong oral small-molecule first tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK to be used in the treatment of ALK-dependent NSCLC. Due to the drug resistance of first generation ALK inhibitors, researchers are trying to design and synthesize novel ALK inhibitors with various heterocyclic rings in which 2,4- diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives with a specific N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)urea moiety, 2-amino-4-(1-piperidine) pyridine derivatives, 7-azaindole and carboxamide derivatives and some others produced potential compounds. To overcome drug resistance, to get better affinity and to reduce drug toxicity, there is an urgent need for novel ALK inhibitors. The present review describes the ALK signaling, their inhibitors and related structure activity relationships for the development of potential ALK inhibitors., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: Curcumin has the propensity to inhibit cancer growth, slow cancer development, increase chemotherapy effectiveness, and shield healthy cells from radiation treatment harm. As a result of curcumin's ability to block several signaling pathways, cervical cancer cells can once again proliferate normally. To optimize topically applied curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) for the treatment of cervical cancer, this study set out to establish the relationship between design variables and experimental data. It also performed in vitro characterizations to determine the formulation's efficacy and safety., Methods: Curcumin-loaded SLNPs were constructed and optimized using a systematic design of experiment (DoE) technique. SLNPs that were loaded with curcumin were produced utilizing a cold emulsification ultrasonication process. Using the Box Behnken Design, it was determined how independent variables (factors) like the quantity of lipid (A), the quantity of phospholipid (B), and the concentration of surfactant (C) affected the responses of the dependent variables (responses), such as particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (PDI) (Y2), and entrapment efficiency (EE) (Y3) (BBD)., Results: The ideal formulation (SLN9) was chosen using the desirability technique based on 3-D surface response graphs. Using polynomial equations and three-dimensional surface plots, the influence of independent factors on the dependent variables was evaluated. The observed responses were almost equal to the levels that the optimal formulation expected. The improved SLNP gel's shape and other physicochemical characteristics were also assessed, and they were determined to be ideal. The sustained release profile of the produced formulations was validated by in vitro release tests. Studies on hemolysis, immunogenic response, and in vitro cell cytotoxicity demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the formulations., Conclusion: To improve the treatment effect, chitosan-coated SLNPs may carry encapsulated curcumin to the desired location and facilitate its localization and deposition in the desired vaginal tissue., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)