1. Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez Extract and Fractions: Chemical Characterization, Anti-Candida Activity and Related Mechanism of Action
- Author
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Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Rejane Pereira Neves, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia, Luiz Nascimento de Araújo-Neto, Edson Rubhens de Souza, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Isabelle Cristinne Ferraz Bezerra, Mayara Nunes Vitor Anjos, Maria Daniela Silva Buonafina, Natália Martins, and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Ocotea glomerata ,natural products ,030106 microbiology ,Mechanism of action ,Anti-candida activity ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,anti-candida activity ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Viability assay ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Candida albicans ,Ergosterol ,Natural products ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Broth microdilution ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,biology.organism_classification ,Corpus albicans ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,chemistry ,Sorbitol ,Ketoconazole ,Fluconazole ,medicine.drug ,mechanism of action - Abstract
Background: Opportunistic fungal infections are increasingly common, with Candida albicans being the most common etiological agent, however, in recent years, episodes of candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species have emerged. Plants belonging to the Lauraceae family have shown remarkable antifungal effects. This study assessed the anti-Candida activity of Ocotea glomerata extracts and fractions, time of death and the synergistic effects with conventional antifungals. The possible mechanism of action was also addressed. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth microdilution technique, and the mechanism of action was assessed by ergosterol, sorbitol, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphatidylserine externalization tests. Results: All the tested extracts evidenced antifungal activity, but the methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective (MIC = 3.12 &mu, g/mL) on C. krusei. The combination of methanol extract with ketoconazole and fluconazole revealed a synergistic effect for C. krusei and C. albicans, respectively. Fractions 1 and 5 obtained from the methanol extract had fungicidal activity, mainly against C. krusei. Methanol extract did not reveal effects by ergosterol and sorbitol assays, however, it led to an increase in intracellular ROS levels, decreased cell viability, and consequently, cell death. Conclusion: O. glomerata methanol extract may be viewed as a rich source of biomolecules with antifungal activity against Candida spp.
- Published
- 2020
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