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Lipomyces starkeyi is known to be associated with three strains-clusters showing high mutual nDNA reassociation within each cluster, but which reassociate ambiguously with the type of L. starkeyi. Representative strains of L. starkeyi and Cluster α were examined for possible genetic exchange by the prototrophic selection technique. Since no genetic recombination was detected, the strains are presumed to be genetically isolated. Cluster α is consequently assigned to the rank of species as Lipomyces mesembrius. A description of the new species is given. Lipomyces kononenkoae ssp. spencermartinsiae has been raised to the rank of species as L. spencermartinsiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]