This paper analyzes some aspects related to the public debate about immigrant population and the construction of a national identity in Argentina during the first decades of the 20 th. century. Immigration, education and nationalism were the thee ideas which originated the debate on a possible model of country and constituted a field of tensions that covered the period of the great immigration wave. This paper will, in the light of these reflections, illustrate some of the features that these aspects acquired in a rural area. Southeast of the province of La Pampa the largest number of migratory population was farmed by groups of people who migrated from eastern Europe. The presence of Jewish colonies, such as the Narcisse Leven colony, meant the birth of debates on these groups which seemed to question the basis of the "Argentine Nationality". This text emphasizes the complexs relationship among immigration, education, and ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]