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Breast carcinoma in Egyptian women is a biologically more aggressive disease than those diagnosed in Western women, although a substantial number of cases are hormone responsive. G protein-coupled receptor-30 (GPR30), a seven transmembrane domain protein, is currently recognized as an estrogen receptor. This study aimed at evaluating the expression of GPR30 in breast carcinomas of Egyptian patients and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and immunohistochemical subtypes of breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for GPR30 was applied on 51 archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases of invasive ductal carcinoma. Staining was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system taking staining intensity and extent into consideration. GPR30 was observed in 33/51 (65%) of invasive ductal carcinoma cases. GPR30 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.009), increased number of positive lymph nodes (p = 0.04), definite lymph-vascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.002), peri-nodal invasion (p = 0.02), and the presence of coagulative tumor cell necrosis (p = 0.02). Moreover, a significant association between positive GPR30 expression and ER positivity (p = 0.02), as well as HER2/neu positivity (p = 0.03), were also observed. Most of the luminal A and B subtypes were GPR30 positive; however, all the triple negative cases were GPR30 negative (p = 0.010). GPR30 might contribute to the aggressive behavior of Egyptian breast carcinoma. Therefore, it could be useful in the therapeutic decision making in breast cancer patients.

Ephrin receptors and ephrin ligands constitute one of the largest groups of tyrosine kinases. The division of ephrin receptors into type A or type B is determined by their ligand-binding specificities. Ephrin A4 as a ligand has a broad capacity to bind and stimulate different subtypes of ephrin A receptors. Little is known about the role of ephrins generally and ephrin A4 particularly in osteosarcoma. Ephrin A4 was immunohistochemically assessed on archival material from 46 primary osteosarcoma cases, 10 metastatic pulmonary lesions and 20 normal control bone specimens. Ephrin A4 was expressed in 100% of normal bone specimens, in 84.4% of primary osteosarcoma cases and in all metastatic pulmonary lesions. Cytoplasmic and nucleocytoplasmic patterns of ephrin A4 immunoreactivity were observed, with the predominance of the latter pattern in normal bone (100%), and in 43.5% of primary osteosarcoma cases, which showed a higher intensity of expression compared with normal bone (p