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The computer program Mallard can screen whole 16S rRNA gene libraries for chimeras and other artifacts and it enables a graphical approach for visualizing phylogenetic relationships among these gene sequences. An analysis of large libraries of cloned bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences submitted to the public repository during 2005 was undertaken to illustrate the use of Mallard and the study underlined the importance of researchers adequately screening their libraries before submission.

Novel cellulosome chimeras displaying atypical geometries and binding modes are designed, wherein the targeting and proximity functions are directly incorporated as integral parts of the enzyme components. The analysis has shown that cellulosome components are used for generating higher-order functional composites and has suggested that enzyme mobility is a key parameter for cellulosome efficiency.

The utility of the Greengenes data assembly process and examination of the validity of prokaryotic candidate phyla was illustrated by aligning and chimera checking more than 90,000 public 16S small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Putative chimeras were identified in 3 percent of environmental sequences, which were classified into 100 phylum-level lineages in Archea and Bacteria.

Killer peptide was expressed in plants by using Potato virus X (PVX)-derived vector as a fusion to the viral coat protein, yielding chimeric virus particles (CVPs) displaying the heterologous peptide. The results indicated that the PVX-based display system is a high-yield, rapid and efficient method to produce and evaluate antimicrobial peptides in plants, representing a milestone for the large-scale production of high-scale production of high-added value peptides through molecular farming.

A novel in vivo method of generating a random chimera library based on the combination of highly frequent deletion formation in the Escherichia coli ssb-3 strain with an rpsL-based chimera selection system is described. This system enables the selection of chimeras without the target gene expression and can therefore be applied to the chimeragenesis of cytotoxic targets even in their intact form.

A study using the cassette PCR technique to isolate a C23O exhibiting improved activity against 4-mthylcatechol is presented. Cassette PCR is a PCR method that allows a variety of chimeric genes to be isolated without using cloned genes.