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Abstract: We prepared various Ru catalysts supported on different supports such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 with a wet impregnation method. We applied them to the selective CO removal in a hydrogen-rich stream via the preferential CO oxidation (PROX) and the selective CO methanation simultaneously. Among them, Ru/YSZ showed the highest CO conversion especially at low temperatures. Several measurements: the N2 physisorption, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the CO chemisorptions, the temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 with mass spectroscopy and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were conducted to characterize the catalysts. No linear correlation can be found between the amount of CO chemisorbed at 300K and the PROX activity. On the other hand, the facile activation of O2 appeared to be closely related to the high PROX activity, judging by the TPO experiment. In addition, the strong adsorption of CO2 suppressed the low-temperature PROX activity. Ru/YSZ can be easily oxidized and also reduced at low temperatures. It is found that Ru/YSZ uptakes only small amounts of CO2, which can be desorbed at low temperatures. Ru/YSZ can reduce the high inlet CO concentration to be less than 10ppm even in the presence of H2O and CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The catalytic stability of MoO3/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2, which have been reported to be active for transesterification between dimethyl carbonate and phenol, was examined in a batch reactor for the same reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) were conducted to characterize the catalysts. The gradual decrease in the activity was observed over both catalysts with increasing the number of a batch reaction. The strong adsorption of reactants was observed from the temperature programmed oxidation experiment. The deactivated MoO3/SiO2 can be regenerated after oxidation in air at 823K. However, the deactivated TiO2/SiO2 can be only partially regenerated even after oxidation in air at 973K. Some of the Mo species in MoO3/SiO2 were leached out during a reaction. This dissolved homogeneous Mo species appeared to take part in this reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Manganese oxide catalysts prepared by a precipitation method with various precipitants were investigated for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 in the presence of excess O2. Various characterization methods such as N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) were conducted to probe the physical and chemical properties of MnOx catalysts. The active MnOx catalysts, precipitated with sodium carbonate and calcined in air at moderate temperatures such as 523K and 623K, have the high surface area, the abundant Mn4+ species, and the high concentration of surface oxygen on the surface. The amorphous Mn3O4 and Mn2O3 were mainly present in this active catalyst. The carbonate species appeared to help adsorb NH3 on the catalyst surface, which resulted in the high catalytic activity at low temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copper- and vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of methane into methyl trifluoroacetate and formic acid with in situ generated H2O2 from H2 and O2 over Pd/C was investigated in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and/or trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as a solvent. Metallic palladium was responsible for the in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide from dihydrogen and dioxygen. Divalent copper hydroperoxide and monoperoxomonovanadate, VO(O2)+, seemed to be related to C&z.sbnd;H bond activation. The radical chain reaction did not occur in either copper- or vanadium-catalyzed methane oxidation. However, methyl radical appeared to be produced in vanadium system but not in copper system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The hydrogenolysis of cellulose was examined over Ni/W/SiO2 catalysts. [•] The crystallite size of W increased with average pore size of support. [•] The crystallite size of W increased with reduction temperature. [•] The yield of polyols increased on decreasing the crystallite size of W. [•] The amount of surface acid site decreased with increasing crystallite size of W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]