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Power grid damage and blackouts are increasing with climate change. Load forecasting methods that integrate climate resilience are therefore essential to facilitate timely and accurate network reconfiguration during periods of extreme stress. Our paper proposes a generalised Wildfire Resilient Load Forecasting Model (WRLFM) to predict electricity load based on operational data of a Distribution Network (DN) in Australia during wildfire seasons in 2015–2020. We demonstrate that load forecasting during wildfire seasons is more challenging than during non-wildfire seasons, motivating an imperative need to improve forecast performance during wildfire seasons. To develop the robust WRLFM, comprehensive comparative analyses were conducted to determine proper Machine Learning (ML) forecast structures and methods for incorporating multiple factors. Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) and Vision Transformer (ViT) were selected as they performed the best among all 13 recently trending ML methods. Multi-factors were incorporated to contribute to forecast performance, including input sequence structures, calendar information, flexible correlation-based temperature conditions, and categorical Fire Weather Index (FWI). High-resolution categorical FWI was used to build a forecasting model with climate resilience for the first time, significantly enhancing the average stability of forecast performances by 42%. A sensitivity analysis compared data set patterns and model performances during wildfire and non-wildfire seasons. The improvement rate of load forecasting performance during wildfire seasons was more than two times greater than in non-wildfire seasons. This indicates the significance and effectiveness of applying the WRLFM to improve forecast accuracy under extreme weather risks. Overall, the WRLFM reduces the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the forecast by 14.37% and 20.86% for Bi-GRU and ViT-based models, respectively, achieving an average forecast MAPE of around 3%. • Novel climate-resilient load forecast model for use during extreme wildfire seasons. • Bi-GRU and ViT outperform 11 recently trending machine learning models. • Categorical FWI with high resolution enhances forecast stability by 42%. • Optimised calendar, temperature and FWI input reduce errors by 17.6%. • Forecast improvement during wildfires is twice that in non-wildfire seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrids are extensively integrated into electrical systems due to their many technical, economic, and environmental advantages. However, they encounter a challenge as they experience high-frequency fluctuations caused by the stochastic nature of renewable energy generation, electric loads, and the presence of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Therefore, various techniques, algorithms, and controllers have been introduced to ensure effective Load Frequency Control (LFC) and maintain a stable power system in microgrids. These methods aim to ensure that the system's frequency remains stable and within an acceptable range, especially when faced with changing load demands and other factors. This paper presents a novel enhanced control approach, Particle Swarm Optimization-Trained Artificial Neural Network (PSO-TANN), to optimize the load frequency model of a microgrid with vehicle-to-grid integration. The results are then compared under various scenarios, including renewable energy integration, EV charging and discharging dynamics, and varying load demands. The comparative analysis involves assessing the performance of the conventional Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller, the PSO-PID controller, and the newly proposed controlling technique. The suggested controller attains 99.904% efficiency with a negligible mean squared error of 1.1112 × 10−7, decreasing the integrated time absolute error to 1.0 × 10−4. It shows rapid response, precise targeting, and quick peak output ability, with marginal overshoot and undershoot, and a transient time of 28.5626 s, efficiently controlling microgrid frequency. Stability analysis validates the effectiveness of the proposed PSO-TANN controller in ensuring stability within the microgrid's LFC system during uncertainties and disturbances. This establishes resilience, diminishes settling time, and maintains reliable performance while controlling frequency. • An investigation into an islanded microgrid's Load Frequency Control (LFC) model framework has been conducted, comprising diesel generator, solar PV system, wind turbine, and EVs operating in vehicle-to-grid mode to supply power to electric loads, consequently impacting the frequency dynamics of the microgrid system. • A novel enhanced control approach, Particle Swarm Optimization-Trained Artificial Neural Network (PSO-TANN) has been implemented to optimize the load frequency model of a microgrid. • An extensive comparative analysis with other controllers, including PID and PSO-PID, is conducted across diverse scenarios involving renewable energy integration and EV charging and discharging dynamics under various load disturbances to reduce settling time, control system frequency, and ensure reliable performance. • The stability analysis validates the efficiency of the proposed PSO-TANN controller in ensuring reliability during uncertainties and disturbances, maintaining overall robustness and stability of the LFC system within the microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid offshore renewable energy platforms have been proposed to optimise power production and reduce the levelised cost of energy by integrating or co-locating several renewable technologies. One example is a hybrid wave-wind energy system that combines offshore wind turbines with wave energy converters (WECs) on a single floating foundation. The design of such systems involves multiple parameters and performance measures, making it a complex, multi-modal, and expensive optimisation problem. This paper proposes a novel, robust and effective multi-objective swarm optimisation method (DMOGWA) to provide a design solution that best compromises between maximising WEC power output and minimising the effect on wind turbine nacelle acceleration. The proposed method uses a chaotic adaptive search strategy with a dynamic archive of non-dominated solutions based on diversity to speed up the convergence rate and enhance the Pareto front quality. Furthermore, a modified exploitation technique (Discretisation Strategy) is proposed to handle the large damping and spring coefficient of the Power Take-off (PTO) search space. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, we compare the DMOGWA with four well-known multi-objective swarm intelligence methods (MOPSO, MALO, MODA, and MOGWA) and four popular evolutionary multi-objective algorithms (NSGA-II, MOEA/D, SPEA-II, and PESA-II) based on four potential deployment sites on the South Coast of Australia. The optimisation results demonstrate the dominance of the DMOGWA compared with the other eight methods in terms of convergence speed and quality of solutions proposed. Furthermore, adjusting the hybrid wave-wind model's parameters (WEC design and PTO parameters) using the proposed method (DMOGWA) leads to a considerably improved power output (average proximate boost of 138.5%) and a notable decline in wind turbine nacelle acceleration (41%) throughout the entire operational spectrum compared with the other methods. This improvement could lead to millions of dollars in additional income per year over the lifespan of hybrid offshore renewable energy platforms. • A new multiobjective optimisation method proposed and enhanced hybrid wave-wind platform. • A new combination of chaotic adaptive exploration and dynamic archive is introduced. • Effective and practical discretisation method improved performance of hybrid platform. • The performance of the proposed optimiser is validated on four real sea studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]