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Highlights • Parameters of 60 electricity-saving measures and 16 abatement measures are compiled. • Synergies of electricity use in China's chemical sector at grid level are assessed. • Efficient use of power can cut 154 Mt CO 2eq , 295 kt SO 2 , 322 kt NO x and 64 kt PM 2.5. • North and Northwest grids have the largest economic benefits on emissions reduction. • Grid with high electricity price is more sensitive to price change than other grids. Abstract Industry is a large electricity user. China's chemical industry (globally the largest based on sales) contributes 7% to China's GDP, while it consumes 11% of the total electricity consumption in industry and is responsible for 40% of total CO 2eq , 40% of SO 2 , 59% of NO x and 18% of PM-emissions of the chemical industry emissions. The heterogeneity of GHG and air pollutant emissions across electricity grids (within a country) is rarely included in analyses. In this paper, electricity conservation supply curves are developed (distinguishing the grids) to estimate the cost-effective and technical potentials of electricity conservation in China's chemical industry. The emission factors per grid for GHG (i.e. CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) and air pollutants (i.e. SO 2 , NO x and PM 2.5) are calculated and used to quantify the emissions mitigation achieved by electricity saving technologies in the chemical industry for the period 2012–2035. Results show that significant multiple benefits can be obtained by implementing electricity efficiency measures. There are large differences among the six grids in terms electricity savings and emissions abatement of GHG and air pollutants. 83% of the total electricity saving potential is contributed by the North, Northwest and Central grids, equal to 32% of baseline electricity consumption in 2035. In 2035, 129 Mt of CO 2 , 33 kt CO 2eq of CH 4 , 571 kt CO 2eq of N 2 O, 235 kt of SO 2 , 275 kt of NO x and 52 kt of PM 2.5 in these three grids can be avoided as a result of electricity savings (a reduction of 31–33% compared to baseline emissions). When decision-makers set targets for energy saving and emission reduction, the multiple benefits and grid heterogeneity should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Along with high-speed economic development and increasing energy consumption, the Chinese Government faces a growing pressure to maintain the balance between energy supply and demand. In 2009, China has become both the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitting country in the world. In this case, the inappropriate energy consumption structure should be changed. As an alternative, a suitable infrastructure for the implementation of renewable energy may serve as a long-term sustainable solution. The perspective of a 100% renewable energy system has been analyzed and discussed in some countries previously. In this process, assessment of domestic renewable energy sources is the first step. Then appropriate methodologies are needed to perform energy system analyses involving the integration of more sustainable strategies. Denmark may serve as an example of how sustainable strategies can be implemented. The Danish system has demonstrated the possibility of converting into a 100% renewable energy system. This paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy in China firstly, and then analyses whether it is suitable to adopt similar methodologies applied in other countries as China approaches a renewable energy system. The conclusion is that China’s domestic renewable energy sources are abundant and show the possibility to cover future energy demand; the methodologies used to analyse a 100% renewable energy system are applicable in China. Therefore, proposing an analysis of a 100% renewable energy system in China is not unreasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One of the central variables in bottom-up energy efficiency and saving calculations is the energy consumption baseline. In the evaluation of energy efficiency measures, developing this baseline is a challenging task, which may involve serious problems, especially if the energy service of the analysed subject has changed while the energy efficiency measure was being implemented. In this paper we present a formalised concept of the process of developing the baseline that is flexible enough to deal with various difficulties, such as changes in the levels of the energy services involved. We also discuss the most relevant options for deriving the necessary variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the last years, the growing demand for air conditioning has caused a significant increase in demand for primary energy resources. Solar-powered cooling is one of the technologies which allows to obtain, by using the renewable solar source, an important energy saving compared to traditional air conditioning plants. The paper describes different technical installations for solar cooling, their way of operation, advantages and limits. The objective of the present study has been to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of solar absorption cooling systems, designed for two different application fields: industrial refrigeration and air conditioning. The possibility to replace or integrate the existing plants is studied, by considering the refrigeration requirements of a company, which works in meat manufacturing, and the heating and cooling demands of a hotel located in a tourist town in Italy. In the first case, the system comprises an absorption chiller coupled to solar flat plate collectors, whereas the second application is about a hybrid trigeneration plant, known as thermo-solar trigeneration; this option allows having greater operational flexibility at sites with demand for energy in the form of heating as well as cooling, for example in a hotel. In this way the authors could compare different results obtained by a technical and economic experimental analysis based on existing users and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages in order to suggest the best solution for the two studied cases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]