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• A multi-objective model for the design optimization of energy system is developed. • The proposed model is expected reduce carbon footprint at a maximum of 4.53%. • The model could optimize the design and operation strategies of the energy system. • Economic and environmental objective are taken into account in the model. • The effectiveness of the methodology is verified through a Floating Production system. Deep-sea oil and gas fields are acting as a vital role by providing substantial oil and gas resource, and Floating Production Storage and Offloading is an indispensable tool for the development of offshore oil and gas fields effectively. Here, Life Cycle Assessment is applied to evaluate environmental loads in the whole life cycle of the deep-sea oil and gas production. This paper explores the carbon footprint of Floating Production Storage and Offloading as the time axis. It is found that Floating Production Storage and Offloading is a conceptual product at the design stage and does not generate carbon emission, while the operational stage releases considerable emission by the fuel combustion process, accounting for 88.2% of the entire life cycle. To decrease this part of carbon emission, distributed energy system is considered as a promising choice because it integrates different energy resources and provides an economic and environmental energy allocation scheme to meet the energy demand. For the operation stage, this paper establishes a Multi-objective Mathematical Programming model to determine the selection and capacity of facilities with minimum annual total cost and carbon emissions by considering the energy balance and technical constraints. The model is validated by an example and solved by the weight method. According to designer's demand, distributed energy system can optimize economic objectives in a maximum range of 14.6%, and a maximum emission reduction of 4.53% can be expected compared with the traditional scheme. Sensitivity analysis shows that cost is more sensitive to natural gas price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An evaluation approach for quantifying the impact of policy on bioenergy is proposed. • Policy scenarios have been coupled into the mathematical model. • The bioenergy development potential of 31 provinces in China has been evaluated. • The impact of policy and correspondingly development direct of bioenergy have been revealed. As the most competitive energy for replacing fossil fuel, bioenergy accords with the requirement of clean supply and brings great economic and social benefits. This study develops a comprehensive framework to quantitatively evaluate the impact of policy on the bioenergy industry. The proposed framework comprises of two major parts, containing simulation models for the biomass resource allocation under different policies and the comprehensive evaluation system for bioenergy development potential under the specific policy. Five policies are considered, including encouraging biomass cogeneration (EBC), supporting biomass heating (SBH), developing technology for biofuel (DPT), establishing raw material collection system (RMC), and priority of using bio-natural gas (PUB). The results demonstrate that the order of policy impact is DPT > PUB > SBH > EBC > RMC. DPT has the largest promotion of biofuel, which is the preferred policy of the development of bioenergy. PUB can better promote the development of biomass power generation, while EBC and SBH have a greater impact on biomass heating. The impacts of policies on regional bioenergy development have been revealed and regional policy implications are given. This approach provides a tool for policymakers to quantify the impacts of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, which facilitates the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid, is promising for energy management systems. Among them, electric taxi (ET) is an important part of EVs. The relatively stable and predictable operating patterns of the ET fleets could have a scale effect, effectively managing load demand and supply with V2G technology. This paper investigates the potential and flexibility of V2G technology for urban power system based on real-world ET trajectory data. To evaluate the flexibility of V2G more precisely, a general framework is proposed to infer vehicle charging, energy consumption, and reconstruction of the State of Charge (SoC) for ETs. The V2G potential estimation model is established for each ET, followed by a bottom-up agent-based model to simulate flexibility changes in the system during various V2G events. The proposed methodology is tested on 19,900 ETs in Shenzhen over a month to explore the potential and flexibility of V2G technology. The results show that the V2G system could supply at least 50 MW for 1 h, 30 MW for 2 h, and 20 MW for 3 h during peak periods, while simultaneously recovering within 2–3 h, without disrupting the regular operations of ETs. The great potential of ETs to supply additional energy during peak periods and recover energy during valley periods is highlighted, which could lead to a more efficient and sustainable management of energy resources. • Real trajectory data with 19,900 ETs is used for V2G potential and resilience analysis. • A method infers charging patterns, energy use, and reconstructs State of Charge is proposed. • A general method framework for modeling ET-V2G system on supply side is proposed. • An agent-based model is introduced for ET-V2G system modeling and simulation. • ET-V2G system can supply up to 60 MW and recover within 2–3 h during peak periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]