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The successive overrelaxation-like (SOR-like) method with the real parameters ω is considered for solving the augmented system. The new method is called the modified SOR-like (MSOR-like) method. The functional equation between the parameters and the eigenvalues of the iteration matrix of the MSOR-like method is given. Therefore, the necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the MSOR-like method is derived. The optimal iteration parameter ω of the MSOR-like method is derived. Finally, the proof of theorem and numerical computation based on a particular linear system are given, which clearly show that the MSOR-like method outperforms the SOR-like (Li, C. J., Li, B. J., and Evans, D. J. Optimum accelerated parameter for the GSOR method. Neural, Parallel & Scientific Computations, 7(4), 453-462 (1999)) and the modified symmetric SOR-like (MSSOR-like) methods (Wu, S. L., Huang, T. Z., and Zhao, X. L. A modified SSOR iterative method for augmented systems. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 228(4), 424-433 (2009)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems on the non-uniqueness and stability of a two-family fiber-reinforced anisotropic incompressible hyper-elastic square sheet under equibiaxial tensile dead loading are examined within the framework of finite elasticity. For a two-family fiber-reinforced square sheet, which is in-plane symmetric and subjected to the in-plane symmetric tension in dead loading on the edges, three symmetrically deformed configurations and six asymmetrically deformed configurations are possible for any values of the loading. Moreover, another four bifurcated asymmetrically deformed configurations are possible for the loading beyond a certain critical value. The stability of all the solutions is discussed in comparison with the energy of the sheet. It is shown that only one of the symmetric solutions is stable when the loading is less than the critical value. However, this symmetric solution will become unstable when the loading is larger than the critical value, while one of the four bifurcated asymmetric solutions will be stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the assumption of finite deformation, the Hamilton variational principle is extended to a nonlinear elastic Euler-type beam-column structure located on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The corresponding three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model for analyzing the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of structures is established, in which the effects of the rotation inertia and the nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. As an application, the nonlinear stability and the post-buckling for a linear elastic beam with the equal cross-section located on an elastic foundation are analyzed. One end of the beam is fully fixed, and the other end is partially fixed and subjected to an axial force. A new numerical technique is proposed to calculate the trivial solution, bifurcation points, and bifurcation solutions by the shooting method and the Newton-Raphson iterative method. The first and second bifurcation points and the corresponding bifurcation solutions are calculated successfully. The effects of the foundation resistances and the inertia moments on the bifurcation points are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free vibration of statically thermal postbuckled functionally graded material (FGM) beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subject to both temperature rise and voltage is studied. By accurately considering the axial extension and based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, geometrically nonlinear dynamic governing equations for FGM beams with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subject to thermo-electromechanical loadings are formulated. It is assumed that the material properties of the middle FGM layer vary continuously as a power law function of the thickness coordinate, and the piezoelectric layers are isotropic and homogenous. By assuming that the amplitude of the beam vibration is small and its response is harmonic, the above mentioned non-linear partial differential equations are reduced to two sets of coupled ordinary differential equations. One is for the postbuckling, and the other is for the linear vibration of the beam superimposed upon the postbuckled configuration. Using a shooting method to solve the two sets of ordinary differential equations with fixed-fixed boundary conditions numerically, the response of postbuckling and free vibration in the vicinity of the postbuckled configuration of the beam with fixed-fixed ends and subject to transversely nonuniform heating and uniform electric field is obtained. Thermo-electric postbuckling equilibrium paths and characteristic curves of the first three natural frequencies versus the temperature, the electricity, and the material gradient parameters are plotted. It is found that the three lowest frequencies of the prebuckled beam decrease with the increase of the temperature, but those of a buckled beam increase monotonically with the temperature rise. The results also show that the tensional force produced in the piezoelectric layers by the voltage can efficiently increase the critical buckling temperature and the natural frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonlinear mathematical model for the analysis of large deformation of frame structures with discontinuity conditions and initial displacements, subject to dynamic loads is formulated with arc-coordinates. The differential quadrature element method (DQEM) is then applied to discretize the nonlinear mathematical model in the spatial domain, An effective method is presented to deal with discontinuity conditions of multivariables in the application of DQEM. A set of DQEM discretization equations are obtained, which are a set of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations with singularity in the time domain. This paper also presents a method to solve nonlinear differential-algebra equations. As application, static and dynamical analyses of large deformation of frames and combined frame structures, subjected to concentrated and distributed forces, are presented. The obtained results are compared with those in the literatures. Numerical results show that the proposed method is general, and effective in dealing with discontinuity conditions of multi-variables and solving differential-algebraic equations. It requires only a small number of nodes and has low computation complexity with high precision and a good convergence property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forced vibration in the turning point frequency range of a truncated revolution shell subject to a membrane drive or a bending drive at its small end or large end is studied by applying the uniformly valid solutions obtained in a previous paper. The vibration shows a strong coupling between the membrane and bending solutions: either the membrane drive or the bending drive causes motions of both the membrane type and bending type. Three interesting effects characteristic of the forced vibration emerge from the coupling nature: the non-bending effect, the inner-quiescent effect and the inner-membrane-motion-and-outer-bending-motion effect. These effects may have potential applications in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the consideration of harmonic fluctuations of initial tension and axially velocity, a nonlinear governing equation for transverse vibration of an axially accelerating string is set up by using the equation of motion for a 3-dimensional deformable body with initial stresses. The Kelvin model is used to describe viscoelastic behaviors of the material. The basis function of the complex-mode Galerkin method for axially accelerating nonlinear strings is constructed by using the modal function of linear moving strings with constant axially transport velocity. By the constructed basis functions, the application of the complex-mode Galerkin method in nonlinear vibration analysis of an axially accelerating viscoelastic string is investigated. Numerical results show that the convergence velocity of the complex-mode Galerkin method is higher than that of the real-mode Galerkin method for a variable coefficient gyroscopic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stair matrices and their generalizations are introduced. The definitions and some properties of the matrices were first given by Lu Hao. this class of matrices provide bases of matrix splittings for iterative methods. The remarkable feature of iterative methods based on the new class of matrices is that the methods are easily implemented for parallel computation. In particular, a generalization of the accelerated overrelaxation method (GAOR) is introduced. Some theories of the AOR method are extended to the generalized method to include a wide class of matrices. The convergence of the new method is derived for Hermitian positive definite matrices. Finally, some examples are given in order to show the superiority of the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamical formation and growth of cavity in a sphere composed of two incompressible thermal-hyperelastic Gent-Thomas materials were discussed under the case of a non-uniform temperature field and the surface dead loading. The mathematical model was first presented based on the dynamical theory of finite deformations. An exact differential relation between the void radius and surface load was obtained by using the variable transformation method. By numerical computation, critical loads and cavitation growth curves were obtained for different temperatures. The influence of the temperature and material parameters of the composed sphere on the void formation and growth was considered and compared with those for static analysis. The results show that the cavity occurs suddenly with a finite radius and its evolvement with time displays a non-linear periodic vibration and that the critical load decreases with the increase of temperature and also the dynamical critical load is lower than the static critical load under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on convolution-type constitutive equations for linear viscoelastic materials with damage and the hypotheses of Timoshenko beams, the equations governing quasi-static and dynamical behavior of Timoshenko beams with damage were first derived. The quasi-static behavior of the viscoelastic Timoshenko beam under step loading was analyzed and the analytical solution was obtained in the Laplace transformation domain. The deflection and damage curves at different time were obtained by using the numerical inverse transform and the influences of material parameters on the quasi-static behavior of the beam were investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radial symmetric motion problem was examined for a spherical shell composed of a class of imperfect incompressible hyper-elastic materials, in which the materials may be viewed as the homogeneous incompressible isotropic neo-Hookean material with radial perturbations. A second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that describes the radial motion of the inner surface of the shell was obtained. And the first integral of the equation was then carried out. Via analyzing the dynamical properties of the solution of the differential equation, the effects of the prescribed imperfection parameter of the material and the ratio of the inner and the outer radii of the underformed shell on the motion of the inner surface of the shell were discussed, and the corresponding numerical examples were carried out simultaneously. In particular, for some given parameters, it was proved that, there exists a positive critical value, and the motion of the inner surface with respect to time will present a nonlinear periodic oscillation as the difference between the inner and the outer presses does not exceed the critical value. However, as the difference exceeds the critical value, the motion of the inner surface with respect to time will increase infinitely. That is to say, the shell will be destroyed ultimately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pile-soil system is regarded as a visco-elastic half-space embedded pile. Based on the method of continuum mechanics, a nonlinear mathematical model of pilesoil interaction was established-a coupling nonlinear boundary value problem. Under the case of horizontal vibration, the nonlinearly dynamical characteristics of pile applying the axis force were studied in horizontal direction in frequency domain. The effects of parameters, especially the axis force on the stiffness were studied in detail. The numerical results suggest that it is possible that the pile applying an axis force will lose its stability. So, the effect of the axis force on the pile is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamical formation of cavity in a hyper-elastic sphere composed of two materials with the incompressible strain energy function, subjected to a suddenly applied uniform radial tensile boundary dead-load, was studied following the theory of finite deformation dynamics. Besides a trivial solution corresponding to the homogeneous static state, a cavity forms at the center of the sphere when the tensile load is larger than its critical value. An exact differential relation between the cavity radius and the tensile land was obtained. It is proved that the evolution of cavity radius with time displays nonlinear periodic oscillations. The phase diagram for oscillation, the maximum amplitude, the approximate period and the critical load were all discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Reddy’s theory of plates with the effect of higher-order shear deformations, the governing equations for bending of orthotropic plates with finite deformations were established. The differential quadrature (DQ) method of nonlinear analysis to the problem was presented. New DQ approach, presented by Wang and Bert (DQWB), is extended to handle the multiple boundary conditions of plates. The techniques were also further extended to simplify nonlinear computations. The numerical convergence and comparison of solutions were studied. The results show that the DQ method presented is very reliable and valid. Moreover, the influences of geometric and material parameters as well as the transverse shear deformations on nonlinear bending were investigated. Numerical results show the influence of the shear deformation on the static bending of orthotropic moderately thick plate is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the Boltzmann’s constitutive law of viscoelastic materials and the linear theory of elastic materials with voids, a constitutive model of generalized force fields for viscoelastic solids with voids was given. By using the variational integral method, the convolution-type functional was given and the corresponding generalized variational principles and potential energy principle of viscoelastic solids with voids were presented. It can be shown that the variational principles correspond to the differential equations and the intitial and boundary conditions of viscoelastic body with voids. As an application, a generalized variational principle of viscoelastic Timoshenko beams with damage was obtained which corresponds to the differential equations of generalized motion and the intial and boundary conditions of beams. The variational principles provide a way for solving problems of viscoelastic solids with voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cavitated bifurcation problem in a solid sphere composed of two compressible hyper-elastic materials under a uniform boundary radial stretch was examined. The solutions, including the trivial solution and the cavitated solutions, were obtained. The bifurcation curves and the stress contributions subsequent to cavitation were discussed. The phenomena of the right and the left bifurcations as well as the catastrophe and concentration of stresses are observed. The stability of solutions is discussed through the energy comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite deformation and stress analyses for a transversely isotropic rectangular plate with voids and made of hyper-elastic material with the generalized neo-Hookean strain energy function under a uniaxial extension are studied. The deformation functions of plates with voids that are symmetrically distributed in a certain manner are given and the functions are expressed by two parameters by solving the differential equations. The solution may be approximately obtained from the minimum potential energy principle. Thus, the analytic solutions of the deformation and stress of the plate are obtained. The growth of the voids and the distribution of stresses along the voids are analyzed and the influences of the degree of anisotropy, the size of the voids and the distance between the voids are discussed. The characteristics of the growth of the voids and the distribution of stresses of the plates with one void, Three or five voids are obtained and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the nonlinear geometric theory of axially extensible beams and by using the shooting method, the thermal post-buckling responses of an elastic beams, with immovably simply supported ends and subjected to a transversely non-uniformly distributed temperature rising, were investigated. Especially, the influences of the transverse temperature change on the thermal post-buckling deformations were examined and the corresponding characteristic curves were plotted. The numerical results show that the equilibrium paths of the beam are similar to what of an initially deformed beam because of the thermal bending moment produced in the beam by the transverse temperature change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new numerical method for the fractional integral that only stores part history data is presented, and its discretization error is estimated. The method can be used to solve the integro-differential equation including fractional integral or fractional derivative in a long history. The difficulty of storing all history data is overcome and the error can be controlled. As application, motion equations governing the dynamical behavior of a viscoelastic Timoshenko beam with fractional derivative constitutive relation are given. The dynamical response of the beam subjected to a periodic excitation is studied by using the separation variables method. Then the new numerical method is used to solve a class of weakly singular Volterra integro-differential equations which are applied to describe the dynamical behavior of viscoelastic beams with fractional derivative constitutive relations. The analytical and unmerical results are compared. It is found that they are very close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic stability of viscoelastic thin plates with large deflections was investigated by using the largest Liapunov exponent analysis and other numerical and analytical dynamic methods. The material behavior was described in terms of the Boltzmann superposition principle. The Galerkin method was used to simplify the original integropartial-differential model into a two-mode approximate integral model, which further reduced to an ordinary differential model by introducing new variables. The dynamic properties of one-mode and two-mode truncated systems were numerically compared. The influence of viscoelastic properties of the material, the loading amplitude and the initial values on the dynamic behavior of the plate under in-plane periodic excitations was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spherical cavitated bifurcation for a hyperelastic solid sphere made of the incompressible Valanis-Landel material under boundary dead-loading is examined. The analytic solution for the bifurcation problem is obtained. The catastrophe and concentration of stresses are discussed. The stability of solutions is discussed through the energy comparison. And the growth of a pre-existing micro-void is also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equations of motion governing the quasi-static and dynamical behavior of a viscoelastic Timoshenko beam are derived. The viscoelastic material is assumed to obey a three-dimensional fractional derivative constitutive relation. The quasi-static behavior of the viscoelastic Timoshenko beam under step loading is analyzed and the analytical solution is obtained. The influence of material parameters on the deflection is investigated. The dynamical response of the viscoelastic Timoshenko beam subjected to a periodic excitation is studied by means of mode shape functions. And the effect of both transverse shear and rotational inertia on the vibration of the beam is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic stability of simple supported viscoelastic column, subjected to a periodic axial force, is investigated. The viscoelastic material was assumed to obey the fractional derivative constitutive relation. The governing equation of motion was derived as a weakly singular Volterra integro-partial-differential equation, and it was simplified into a weakly singular Volterra integro-ordinary-differential equation by the Galerkin method. In terms of the averaging method, the dynamical stability was analyzed. A new numerical method is proposed to avoid storing all history data. Numerical examples are presented and the numerical results agree with the analytical ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypotheses of the Kármán-Donnell theory of thin shells with large deflections and the Boltzmann laws for isotropic linear, viscoelastic materials, the constitutive equations of shallow shells are first derived. Then the governing equations for the deflection and stress function are formulated by using the procedure similar to establishing the Kármán equations of elastic thin plates. Introducing proper assumptions, an approximate theory for viscoelastic cylindrical shells under axial pressures can be obtained. Finally, the dynamical behavior is studied in detail by using several numerical methods. Dynamical properties, such as, hyperchaos, chaos, strange attractor, limit cycle etc., are discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integro-partial-differential equation that governs the dynamical behavior of homogeneous viscoelastic beams was established. The material of the beams obeys the Leaderman nonlinear constitutive relation. In the case of two simply supported ends, the mathematical model is simplified into an integro-differential equation after a 2nd-order truncation by the Galerkin method. Then the equation is further reduced to an ordinary differential equation which is convenient to carry out numerical experiments. Finally, the dynamical behavior of 1 st-order and 2 nd-order truncation are numerically compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamical stability of a homogeneous, simple supported column, subjected to a periodic axial force, is investigated. The viscoelastic material is assumed to obey the Leaderman nonlinear constitutive relation. The equation of motion was derived as a nonlinear integro-partial-differential equation, and was simplified into a nonlinear integro-differential equation by the Galerkin method. The averaging method was employed to carry out the stability analysis. Numerical results are presented to compare with the analytical ones. Numerical results also indicate that chaotic motion appears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]